影响碳化硅冶炼一级品率的因素分析

从碳化硅冶炼生产中物料热传递的角度 ,探讨了碳化硅一级品的形成过程 ;通过实验 ,得出了影响结晶块中一级品率的因素以及提高一级品率的方法     

提高本钢6号高炉生铁一级品率的实践

针对本钢6号高炉生铁一级品率较低的现状,确定了影响生铁一级品率的因素,并提出改进措施。实践表明,6号高炉采取优化参数等措施后,生铁一级品率有了明显提高。     

提高双零铝箔成品率和一级品率的方法

从铝箔毛料、轧制油、磨削质量、生产工艺控制等几方面分析了影响双零铝箔成品率和一级品率的因素，提出了提高双零铝箔成品率和一级品率的适宜工艺措施。     

提高银锭一级品率的技术实践

本文从影响银锭一级品率的杂质元素入手 ,分析认为影响银锭一品率的主要杂质元素有Pb、Sb、Cu、Bi。针对这 4种杂质元素 ,提出了如何提高银锭一级品率采取的措施及所产生的效益     

梅钢烧结矿一级品率偏低的原因分析及对策

烧结矿的一级品率明显下降,给高炉顺行带来不良影响。从原料与操作两个方面对烧结矿一级品率下降的原因进行了分析,并提出了解决的措施。     

新钢二铁厂提高生铁一级品率的生产实践

从理论上分析和总结了新钢二铁厂2005年10月生铁一级品率大幅提高的主要经验，提出了2006年实现生铁一级品率不低于75％攻关目标的工艺控制参数和相应对策，取得了较好的效果。     

新钢提高生铁一级品率的措施

新钢高炉生铁一级品率长期在40%左右徘徊.通过选择合适的造渣制度和抓好精料工作,高炉铁水一级品率已达到85.59%的较高水平.     

提高2×360 m~2烧结机碱度一级品率生产实践

通过对烧结生产工艺过程中的各种参数进行分析,找出制约新钢2×360 m~2烧结机碱度一级品率的因素,采取加强原燃料管理、改进设备和工艺条件等措施后,烧结矿碱度一级品率提高了4.12%,固体燃耗下降0.32 kg/t。     

二铁厂1^#高炉提高生铁一级品率的生产实践

马钢二铁厂含铁原料中含有低钒钛，渣铁流动性较差，造成提高生铁一级品率与顺行成为一对矛盾。１＾＃炉９７年生产实践中采用确定合适［Ｓｉ］＋［Ｔｉ］等方法，有效地缓解了这一矛盾。全年一级品率为８５．６９％，最高月份达９２％。     

生铁一级品率控制与最佳效益分析

由于炼铁用原燃料质量不一、成分波动大、硫负荷高,提高生铁一级品率必须增大炉渣的脱硫能力,即提高炉渣碱度和冶炼温度,但对高炉的稳定顺行、利用系数及生铁成本都有影响。分析认为,结合现有的原燃料条件及用户要求,综合考虑冶炼成本,以控制生铁一级品率在50％为宜。     

碳化铬粉的研制与生产

从理论分析得出了碳化铬粉生产的工艺条件，通过试验得到了合格的产品并组织了批量生产，讨论了最佳的工艺条件及存在的问题。     

RKEF多段耦合处理电炉除尘灰工艺探讨

介绍了RKEF多段耦合技术处理铁合金电炉除尘灰的特点及优于传统方法的地方.通过对除尘灰先进行水洗处理,再把滤泥+粉锰(铬)矿+焦粉进行成球(压块),最后进入多功能炉熔炼、分离,从而开发出电炉除尘灰高效利用生产同类产品的新途径.     

铬系合金生产工艺新进展概述

介绍了铬系合金的牌号、用途和生产方法，着重概述了国内外厂家生产铬系列合金（高碳铬铁、中低碳铬铁、微碳铬铁、金属铬、氮化铬铁、硅铬及其它铬基合金）工艺技术的基本情况及改进措施，也简单地介绍了一些厂家某些特殊产品的生产工艺情况等。     

掺铬锂锰氧化物的制备和性能研究

用熔盐法制备出掺铬的尖晶石锂锰氧化物LiCr     

低合金含铬钢中稳定铬成分的工艺优化

针对低合金含铬钢中Cr成分不稳、回收率较低的状况，从温度制度、终点控制、助熔方法、转炉操作等方面采取了一系列措施进行工艺优化，使钢中铬的回收率从66．30％提高到90．65％，含铬钢的熔炼成分合格率达到98．49％，提高了钢板质量，使济钢生产的低合金含铬钢的各项性能等技术指标全部达到标准要求。     

Corrosion of High Chromium and Conventional Steels Embedded in Concrete

Corrosion rates of high chromium and conventional steel rebars were measured and compared by conducting two studies. One was on concrete blocks and the other was on bare steel rebars. In the former study, concrete blocks that had been made with two different steel rebars were placed in sodium chloride solutions, and air was blown through the solutions to accelerate corrosion of the embedded steel rebars. These blocks were taken out of the solution periodically, and the corrosion rates of the rebars were measured with a 3LP device. In the latter study, the bare rebars of the two steels were also corroded in sodium chloride solutions through which air was blown, withdrawn periodically, dried, and weighed after the corrosion products were removed. The corrosion rates were measured by the reduction of the weight of the rebars. In the study on concrete blocks, it was found that the corrosion rate increases for both steels as the concentration of sodium chloride in solution increases. It was also found that the corrosion rate of concrete blocks reinforced with conventional steel was about twice as much as that of the concrete blocks reinforced with high chromium steel after 132 days of exposure. From the study on bare steel rebars, it was found that the rate of corrosion of conventional steel was 12 times as much as that of high chromium steel at 0.1% sodium chloride, and the ratio decreased to 2 times as much when the sodium chloride concentration was increased to 3%. It was also found that the corrosion rate of high chromium steel was very sensitive to sodium chloride concentrations whereas that of conventional steel was not sensitive. The corrosion products were analyzed using x-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy to identify the minerals present in them. It was found that corrosion products produced on the high chromium steel were predominantly lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and hematite (Fe2O3), whereas that on the surface of conventional steel was predominantly magnetite (Fe3O4). It appears that the former iron oxides form an adherent and nonporous protective layer while the latter iron oxides (magnetite) do not, which can explain the distinct difference in corrosion rates of the two steel rebars.     

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of ceramic materials based on the M<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> + 1</Subscript>AX<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript> phases in the Ti-Cr-Al-C system

Compact ceramic materials based on the M_{n + 1}AX _n phases in the Ti-Cr-Al-C system are produced by forced self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) compaction. The mechanisms of the structure and phase formation in synthetic products, as well as the combustion macrokinetics of the SHS mixture, are studied. Complex investigations of the structure, phase composition, and physical and mechanical properties of new Ti_{2 ? x} Cr _x AlC ceramic materials synthesized at different charging parameters (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) are performed. The highest content (96–98%) of the M_{n + 1}AX _n phase in the composition of synthetic products is found to be in samples where just one of the host elements (titanium (x = 0) or chromium (x = 2)) is present. The produced materials have a high heat resistance, and the increase in the chromium concentration is favorable to an appreciable growth in resistance to high-temperature oxidation.     

Influence of chromium and nickel on the dissociation of CO2 on carbon-saturated liquid iron

At 1600 °C, under conditions where the rate was not significantly affected by liquid-phase or gasphase mass transfer, the rate of dissociation of CO₂ was determined from the rate of decarburization of iron-based carbon-saturated melts containing varying amounts of chromium and nickel. The rate was determined by monitoring the change in reacted gas composition with an in-line spectrometer. The results indicate that neither chromium nor nickel had a strong effect on the kinetics of dissociation of CO₂ on the surface of the melt. Sulfur was found to significantly decrease the rate, as is the case for alloys without chromium or nickel, and the rate constant is given by $$k = \frac{{k^0 }}{{1 + K_s a_s }} + k_r $$ where k ⁰ denotes the chemical rate on pure iron, K _s is the adsorption coefficient of sulfur, a _s is the activity of sulfur corrected for Cr, and k _r represents the residual rate at a high sulfur level. The rate constants and adsorption coefficient were determined to be: $$\begin{array}{*{20}c} {k^0 = 1.8 \times 10^{ - 3} mol/cm^2 s atm} \\ {k_r = 6.1 \times 10^{ - 5} mol/cm^2 s atm} \\ {K_s = 330 \pm 20} \\ \end{array} $$ Experiments run at lower carbon contents showed that only a very small quantity of chromium was oxidized, immediately forming a protective layer. However, this oxidation occurred at a higher carbon content (2 pct) than what was expected from the thermodynamics.     

Chromium in Austrian foods

The chromium content in foods is relatively low and the most foods have a content below 0.1 ppm. Only spices, cacao, cacao products, poppy and whole meal products contain higher contents. The often published high chromium content of corn germ oil could not be verified. We did not find any chromium enrichment in the entrails of a cow. In addition the chromium contents of each food are strong deviated. The analysed values were sometimes lower than in literature. We expect that the elder values are higher because of different contaminations in some cases.     

钒对高铬铸铁耐热性的影响

研究了高铬铸铁的抗高温氧化性能、耐激冷激热性，以及钒和各种合金元素对高铬铸铁耐热性能的影响。研究结果表明，钒对高铬铸铁的耐热性有着明显的不良影响。因此，必须严格控制用于冶金条件的高铬铸铁中的钒含量。