应用正中小切口矫治先天性心脏病52例观察

目的 评价正中小切口手术应用于先天性心脏病手术的效果.方法 取胸骨正中切口从胸骨角下方1 cm 至剑突水平切开皮肤,长约5～10 cm.纵劈胸骨至第2肋间、向右侧横断胸骨.常规建立体外循环,行先天性心脏病直视手术52例.并与同期采用常规正中切口矫治的同类型先天性心脏病手术55例进行比较.结果 正中小切口组的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间与常规正中切口组相比无显著延长(P>0. 05),但小切口组术后引流量较常规切口组明显减少 (P<0.05).术后循环稳定,切口小、疼痛反应轻,无切口感染和胸骨畸形愈合等并发症.结论 胸骨正中小切口可用于先天性心脏病手术的矫治,该术式创伤小、切口美观.     

胸骨正中小切口在先天性心脏病手术中的应用

目的:总结胸骨正中下段小切口行先天性心脏病手术的应用体会.方法:采用胸骨正中下段小切口,自胸骨角下方2～3cm至剑突,长6～10cm.正中锯开胸骨至第2肋间,横断右半侧胸骨.在全麻、体外循环下行先天性心脏病手术43例, 年龄4～26岁,平均12.4岁.其中室间隔缺损33例,房间隔缺损6例,法洛四联症2例,主动脉窦瘤破裂1例,部分型房室管畸形1例.结果:全组无手术死亡,术后纵隔引流少,无并发症出现.结论:胸骨正中下段小切口适于大多数先天性心脏病手术矫治,具有创伤小,美观的优点,可以完成大部分心内直视手术.     

右腋下侧切口在体外循环心内直视手术中的临床应用(附63例报告)

目的:探讨经右腋下侧切口径路施行体外循环心内直视手术的手术效果、适应证及美学效果.方法:对63例心脏疾病患者(侧切口组)采用右腋下侧切口径路经第4肋间入胸,施行体外循环心内直视手术,选择59例同期经胸骨正中切口施行体外循环心内直视手术的心脏疾病患者作为对照组,对两组患者的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间和术后胸液引流量及术后住院天数进行对比分析.结果:全组术后无死亡,发生并发症4例(6.3%).采用右腋下侧切口径路施行手术患者的体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间和呼吸机辅助呼吸时间与同期采用胸骨正中切口径路手术患者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但术后胸液引流量及术后住院天数较胸骨正中切口径路少(P＜0.05).术后随访45例,随访时间1～12个月,除2例患者术后早期心功能稍差(射血分数＜0.5)和2例室间隔缺损(VSD)患者术后发生轻度残余分流外,其余均恢复良好.结论:经右腋下侧切口径路施行体外循环心内直视手术,有操作简便、易行、安全可靠、术中术后出血少和切口隐蔽、美观等优点,但对严重复杂先天性心脏病和侧支循环丰富的病例、合并大血管疾病及主动脉瓣上狭窄的患者应慎用本术式.     

局限性低位部分胸骨劈开心内直视手术的解剖学基础与临床应用研究

目的 :探索美观、损伤小的局限性低位部分胸骨劈开小切口开胸技术在心内直视手术中的解剖学基础和临床应用价值。方法 :应用局限性低位部分胸骨劈开小切口行心内直视手术 14例 ,观测皮肤切口、胸骨纵切口、显露主动脉、肺动脉、右心及左心范围。病种包括 :房间隔缺损 (ASD) 5例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 4例、房缺合并室缺 (A +V) 2例、肺动脉狭窄 (PS) 1例、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄并关闭不全 2例。其中房缺 (ASD) 5例、室缺 (VSD) 3例、房缺合并室缺 (A +V) 1例、肺动脉狭窄 (PS) 1例均在浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视下完成手术 ,室缺 (VSD) 1例、房缺合并室缺 (A +V) 1例、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣置换术 2例则在低温心脏停跳下顺利完成手术。结果 :全组无手术死亡 ,均顺利地完成了手术治疗 ,术中及术后均无合并症发生 ,术后无明显疼痛。皮肤切口长度 9.5± 3.5cm ,胸骨纵切口长度 10 .8± 3.6cm ,皮肤切口 /胸骨长度系数为 0 .72± 0 .15 ,显露主动脉 2 .7± 0 .7cm ,显露肺动脉 1.3±0 .5cm。术中心脏停跳者心肌阻断 8～ 72min ,平均 2 3.6min ,体外循环时间 2 7～ 10 8min ,平均 4 8.5min。术后胸液引流量 6 0～ 35 0ml,平均 14 0± 5 0ml,术后住院 6～ 14d ,平均 8.5d。全组切口均甲级愈合 ,无胸骨畸形 ,胸锁关     

胸骨正中下段小切口在二尖瓣置换手术中的应用

目的：探讨胸骨正中下段小切口在二尖瓣置换手术中的应用经验。方法：在2000年8月～2004年1月间，40例风湿性心脏病、二尖瓣脱垂综合征、感染性心内膜炎并二尖瓣关闭不全患者，在常规体外循环下行二尖瓣置换手术。均采用胸骨正中下段小切口。切口长约7～9cm。结果：本组无围术期死亡。术后恢复快，术后纵膈引流量少，输血量少，无胸骨裂开、切口感染；手术效果满意。结论：胸骨正中下段小切口可用于二尖瓣置换手术，具有创伤小，胸骨完整性破坏小，疗效好及美观效果。     

右腋下小切口与胸骨正中切口在心脏直视手术中的比较

目的探讨右腋下小切口与胸骨正中切口在心脏直视手术效果。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析我院收治的心脏直视手术患者临床资料,依据手术治疗方式不同分为治疗I组（右腋下小切口手术组）30例和治疗II组（胸骨正中切口手术组）30例。结果治疗I组手术时间、体外循环时间、辅助通气时间、24h引流量、术后住院时间均明显低于治疗II组P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论右腋下小切口进行心脏手术创伤小,恢复快,并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

右腋下切口手术与胸骨正中切口手术治疗儿童先天性心脏病效果研究

目的:对儿童先天性心脏病右腋下垂直切口手术与胸骨正中切口手术的临床治疗效果进行研究,探讨两种手术方法的优劣,从而提高儿童先天性心脏病手术治疗效果。方法:随机将儿童先天性心脏病手术治疗的患者分为两组:右腋下切口组27例,胸骨正中切口组30例,对两组手术方法在手术中主动脉阻断时间(ACC)、体外循环(CPB)时间、术中出血、手术时间、监护室(ICU)滞留时间、术后呼吸机辅助通气时间、术后引流量、术后引流管拨管时间、术后并发症、术后住院天数及术后抗生素使用等指标进行比较。结果:右腋下切口组比胸骨正中切口组手术时间长,在ICU滞留时间短,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),术后引流管拨管时间短、引流量少、术后抗生素使用少,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。两组在手术中ACC、CPB、术中出血、术后呼吸机辅助通气时间、术后并发症、术后住院天数,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论:右腋下切口组,术后切口创伤小,美观,对于手术患儿成长过程的心理影响少,优于胸骨正中切口组治疗简单的儿童先天性心脏病。     

胸骨上段小切口心脏瓣膜置换术的临床研究

目的总结经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的临床经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选取经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的9例瓣膜性心脏病患者为微创组;选择同期经胸骨正中切口进行相应手术的9例患者为传统组。比较两组患者的临床资料,评价经胸骨上段小切口心脏瓣膜置换术的安全性和疗效。结果微创组9例患者手术全部成功,其中主动脉瓣置换术7例(2例使用生物瓣),二尖瓣置换术1例,二尖瓣置换+三尖瓣成形+主动脉瓣环扩大+主动脉瓣置换术1例,植入主动脉瓣膜型号19～25 mm,无1例延长手术切口。术后无死亡患者,无出血及胸部切口愈合不良,术后出现右侧胸腔积气和右侧胸腔积液各1例,均经胸腔引流后治愈出院。与传统组相比,微创组手术时间、体外循环(CPB)时间和主动脉阻断(ACC)时间稍延长(P 0. 05),但并不延长术后呼吸机辅助时间和ICU入住时间(P 0. 05),且术后引流量和总输血量减少(P 0. 05),皮肤切口长度及术后住院时间缩短(P 0. 05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。微创组患者术后随访1～13个月,心脏彩超提示人工瓣膜未见明显异常,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级。结论经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术可以取得与经胸骨正中切口同样的效果,但创伤更小,失血和输血更少,术后恢复更快。     

胸骨正中小切口在先天性心脏病手术中的临床应用

目的:介绍胸骨正中小切口在心外科手术中应用体会以及该方法的优点。方法:2003年1月～2004年5月,我们开展了胸骨正中小切口心内直视手术,其中房间隔缺损12例。室间隔缺损8例,法鲁氏三联症1例。结果:体外循环时间24.5±7.8分钟,皮肤切口5.5±1.1cm,无手术死亡及术后并发症发生。结论:胸骨正中小切口心内直视手术可以完成常规胸部正中全部劈开切口所能完成的大部分心内直视手术,而且损伤小,安全,并具有美观的效果。     

右腋下切口行心内直视手术39例探讨

目的减少先天性心脏畸形患者手术创伤,减少出血及术后胸骨畸形等并发症。方法应用右腋下小切口行心内直视手术,并与胸骨正中切口术比较。结果右腋下切口行心内直视手术与胸骨正中切口术比较操作同样方便,但右腋下切口小,出血少,开胸、关胸简便,术后恢复快,并发症少及无翼状肩胛等畸形。结论右腋下切口行心内直视手术简单、安全,美容效果好,可推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.