陕北野生枸杞多糖的体外抗氧化活性

目的：测定陕北野生枸杞中总糖含量、糖醛酸含量以及体外抗氧化活性。方法：采用苯酚- 硫酸法,测定枸杞提取物的总糖含量;用硫酸- 咔唑法,测定枸杞多糖的糖醛酸含量;通过红外光谱技术初步分析枸杞多糖基团的构成;并以VC 为对照,比较枸杞多糖对二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基的 体外抗氧化活性及还原力。结果：陕北枸杞提取物中的总糖含量为58.31%,糖醛酸含量为32.17%。 当枸杞多糖的质量浓度为1mg/mL 时,对DPPH 自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基清除率分别为81.30%、50.33% 和60.57%,还原能力比VC 稍低。结论：陕北野生枸杞多糖有很强的抗氧化活性。     

槐角多糖抗氧化活性研究

槐角通过超声-复合酶解法水解醇沉得到粗糖,经Sevage试剂纯化得到槐角多糖(sophorae fructus polysaccharides,SFP),再通过DEAE-52纤维素柱分离纯化得次级多糖SFP-1、SFP-2。以槐角多糖SFP、SFP-1及SFP-2为试验材料,采用自由基评定法,对ABTS+自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基进行抗氧化研究,并探究它们对DNA损伤的抑制作用。结果表明,槐角多糖及分离纯化组分(SFP、SFP-1、SFP-2)对4种自由基的抗氧化活性均呈量效关系。在浓度6.4 mg/mL时,对ABTS+自由基清除率均高于99.73%,对DPPH自由基清除率可达到87.05%,对超氧阴离子自由基清除率可达到50.92%,对羟基自由基清除率最高为96.54%,并有抑制DNA开链、解环作用。槐角多糖有较好的抗氧化作用,具有一定的开发价值。     

黄瓜多糖的体外抗氧化活性

目的：测定黄瓜中总糖含量,分离制备黄瓜多糖并测定其糖醛酸含量、单糖组成以及评价其体外抗氧化活性。方法：采用苯酚-硫酸法测定黄瓜提取物中的总糖含量;用硫酸-咔唑法测定黄瓜多糖中的糖醛酸含量;采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生化高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析单糖组成;并在体外抗氧化评价体系研究黄瓜多糖对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)和羟自由基( ·OH)的清除活性以及总还原力(TRP)。结果表明：黄瓜多糖的总糖含量为63.5%,糖醛酸含量为10.6%。HPLC分析表明：黄瓜多糖由D-甘露糖、L-鼠李糖、D-葡萄糖醛酸、D-半乳糖醛酸、D-葡萄糖、D-木糖、D-半乳糖、L-阿拉伯糖等8种单糖组成,物质的量比为4.08:2.78:1.00:5.82:6.07:2.78:8.48:6.58。黄瓜多糖有明显的抗氧化活性,在质量浓度为20mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基、O2－ ·、 ·OH的清除率分别为92.31%、83.57% 和77.59%,并发现其有明显的还原能力。结论：黄瓜多糖是一种典型的杂多糖,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

百合籽多糖的制备及其抗氧化活性研究

采用热水浸提法提取百合籽多糖,并用苯酚–硫酸法测定其含量,采用红外光谱鉴定多糖的结构。测定清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和还原能力来研究百合籽多糖的抗氧化活性。研究表明,百合籽的多糖含量为64.42%,其具有清除超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基的活性,并具有一定的还原能力。     

新疆芜菁酸性多糖分离纯化、抗氧化活性研究及红外表征

目的 检测分离纯化的芜菁酸性多糖(Brassica rapaL.acidic polysaccharide,BRAP)的含量和纯度,并对其进行抗氧化能力检测和红外表征。方法 (1)经阴离子交换柱DEAE-650M、HW-55F色谱柱以及Sephacryl S-300色谱柱洗脱分离纯化芜菁多糖;(2)采取紫外-可见分光光度法及苯酚-硫酸法测定芜菁酸性多糖的含量;(3)经由测定芜菁酸性多糖羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基(·DPPH)清除能力、金属Cu²⁺还原能力来评价其抗氧化活性,并与VC抗氧化能力进行对比;(4)应用红外光谱分析芜菁酸性多糖的化学键或官能团信息,通过高效凝胶渗透色谱法对芜菁酸性多糖的均一性分析。结果 芜菁酸性多糖的含量为55.47%;芜菁酸性多糖对·DPPH和·OH有一定清除能力,对金属Cu²⁺也有还原能力,但均比VC弱,红外光谱分析显示,芜菁酸性多糖中有多羟基醛糖的特征吸收峰以及与抗氧化活性相关的羟基。高效凝胶渗透色谱图显示芜菁酸性多糖为高纯度多糖。结论 新疆芜菁中有含量较为丰富且纯度较高的酸性多糖组分,且该成分具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

蓬莪术多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

以多年生草本药用植物蓬莪术根茎为原材料,热水浸提法提取多糖,测定蓬莪术多糖的总糖含量、糖醛酸含量和蛋白质含量,并对蓬莪术多糖结构进行红外光谱分析。通过体外抗氧化实验研究蓬莪术多糖对自由基的清除能力以及总还原能力。结果表明,蓬莪术多糖的总糖质量分数为56.13%,糖醛酸质量分数为8.65%,蛋白质质量分数为4.53%。体外抗氧化活性研究结果表明对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子有明显清除作用和较强的还原能力,其清除自由基的IC50值分别为0.29、0.44、0.36mg/m L。     

夏枯草水溶性酸性多糖的分离及活性分析

采用水提醇沉法提取夏枯草多糖,然后经非极性吸附树脂HZ-820 脱色和脱蛋白后,再用DEAE-SepharoseFast Flow 阴离子交换柱层析进行分离得到酸性多糖。化学法和红外光谱证明该酸性多糖中半乳糖醛酸和硫酸根含量较高,间羟基联苯- 硫酸和氯化钡- 明胶比浊法测定其半乳糖醛酸和硫酸根含量分别为(58.85 ± 0.46)% 和(7 ± 0.52)%。紫外、红外光谱分析结果发现,该酸性杂多糖为非糖蛋白,可能含半乳糖醛酸、木糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖和半乳糖等单糖。抗氧化活性研究表明该酸性多糖具有显著的DPPH 自由基和羟自由基清除活性。     

黔产皂角米多糖提取动力学及抗氧化活性研究

目的:以皂角米为原料,研究皂角米多糖的提取动力学及其抗氧化活性.方法:以Fick第一定律为基础,建立皂角米多糖的提取动力学模型,采用红外光谱对皂角米多糖进行结构分析,通过测定皂角米多糖对ABTS自由基、羟基自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力来评价其抗氧化活性.结果:建立...     

杏鲍菇多糖的单糖组成分析及其抗氧化活性研究

采用水提醇沉法提取杏鲍菇多糖,通过苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖总含量,利用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生化高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析单糖组成。在体外抗氧化评价体系研究杏鲍菇多糖的总还原力及对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性。其多糖的总糖含量达62.9%,分别由D-甘露糖、D-核糖、D-鼠李糖、D-葡糖醛酸、D-葡萄糖、D-木糖、D-半乳糖、D-岩藻糖组成,其相对摩尔百分比分别为9.8%、1.6%、0.15%、0.8%、62.8%、0.05%、24.4%、0.4%。结果表明,杏鲍菇多糖是一种典型的杂多糖,具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

青天葵多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及其抗氧化活性分析

对水提醇沉获得的青天葵粗多糖进行分离纯化,并对多糖组分进行分析表征和体外抗氧化活性评价。结果表明,用DEAE-52纤维素及葡聚糖凝胶G-100柱色谱分离纯化出的多糖组分NFP-2分子质量为1150 kDa,总糖含量为82.64%,糖醛酸含量为16.65%,蛋白质含量为6.38%。NFP-2由半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸组成,摩尔比为21.27:13.21:5.26:3.02:2.82:1,其为不含三螺旋结构的酸性多糖,糖苷键构型为β-构型。体外清除自由基试验结果显示,NFP-2对羟基自由基（IC₅₀ 7.95 mg/mL）和超氧阴离子自由基（当浓度为0.5 μg/mL时,清除率为60%）均有明显清除作用;当NFP-2浓度为10 mg/mL时,ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率为35.44%;当NFP-2浓度为120 μg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率为17%。     

羟脯氨酸小肽的体外抗氧化活性

羟脯氨酸作为胶原蛋白的特征成分,其在肽序列中可使胶原衍生低聚肽对肽酶或蛋白酶产生高度抗性,口服后经过胃肠消化吸收至血液中仍能以肽的形式存在。羟脯氨酸小肽可在肠上皮细胞膜部位被完整吸收,并在血浆达到较高的水平,具有良好的吸收率和生物利用度以及更稳定、高效的生物活性。本实验以15 条羟脯氨酸小肽为研究对象,采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid),ABTS）阳离子自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基4 种体外方法对其抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明：在15 条羟脯氨酸小肽中,Leu-Hyp的DPPH自由基清除率最高,为23.6%;Leu-Hyp、Ile-Hyp的ABTS阳离子自由基清除率最高,分别为57.8%和57.7%;其他小肽的DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力均较低,清除率均小于15%或不具有ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力。浓度为3 mmol/L时,15 条小肽的羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力均较强,清除率分别可达30%～50%和60%～80%。综上,本实验所选15 条羟脯氨酸小肽均具有一定的羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力,其中Leu-Hyp、Ile-Hyp的体外抗氧化性最好。     

色米提取物的抗氧化作用与成分分析研究

为探讨色米提取物总酚含量与抗氧化相关性及其抗氧化的物质基础,以4种不同品种的色米为材料,采用Folin-Ciocalteu法测定总酚含量,三氯化铝比色法测定黄酮含量,DPPH·、ABTS~+·清除法和O~(2-)·清除法评价抗氧化活性,高效液相色谱法进行多酚成分分析。结果表明,4个品种的色米总酚含量范围为42~305.2 mg GAE/g,红米具有最高的总酚和黄酮含量以及最好的抗氧化能力,绿米各项指标均最低。提取物成分分析结果显示,4个品种均具有一定含量的没食子酸、儿茶素、香草酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸。     

Synthesized oversulphated,acetylated and benzoylated derivatives of fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro

Three sulphated polysaccharide derivatives (oversulphated, acetylated and benzoylated fucoidan) were successfully synthesized, and their antioxidant activities were investigated employing various established in vitro systems. A novel catalyst N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) was used in acetylation and benzoylation reaction, and the degree of acetylation was evaluated using IR and NMR spectra. Both fucoidan derivatives possessed considerable antioxidant activity, and had stronger antioxidant ability than fucoidan in certain tests. The benzoylated fucoidan showed strongest superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, however, the acetylated fucoidan exhibited strongest activity on scavenging DPPH radical and reducing power. Available data obtained with in vitro models suggested that substituted groups of fucoidan played an important role on antioxidant activity. The mechanism on the antioxidant activity of sulphonyl, acetyl and benzoyl group is different.     

Chemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide purified from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.

BACKGROUND: A water‐soluble polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. (P. asiatica L. polysaccharide, PLP) was extracted with hot water and purified by gel filtration chromatography. The chemical characteristics of PLP were determined by high‐performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the antioxidant activities of PLP in vitro were evaluated using various test systems, including scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, scavenging of superoxide radicals generated by 1,2,3‐phentriol autoxidation, scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. RESULTS: The molecular weight of PLP was determined by HPGPC to be about 1894 kDa. PLP contained 29.2 g kg^?1 protein and 145.8 g kg^?1 uronic acid. The FTIR spectrum of PLP also revealed typical characteristics of a polysaccharide containing protein and uronic acid. Moreover, the results showed that PLP possessed antioxidant activities, but lower than those of ascorbic acid. CONCLUSION: PLP is an acid protein‐bound polysaccharide of high molecular weight, but its structure needs further study. The present results suggest that PLP could potentially be used as a natural antioxidant. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) pericarp and seed extracts

In this study, we examined the antioxidant activities of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) pericarp and red pepper seed extracts. The extracts were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, [2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid)] (ABTS) radical scavenging, ferrous chelating activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reducing power, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. All the extracts showed strong antioxidant activity by the testing methods. The red pepper pericarp extract exhibited strong ferrous chelating activity and high scavenging activity against free radicals, including both the hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, but it exhibited weaker scavenging activity for the superoxide anion radical and for SOD. In contrast, the red pepper seed extract exhibited strong SOD activity and high scavenging activity against the superoxide anion radical, but showed weaker ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and DPPH radical scavenging. We observed that the reducing power level and ABTS radical scavenging activity of the red pepper seed were higher than those of the red pepper pericarp at the highest tested concentration. Most of the test results for the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts increased markedly with increasing concentration; however, the metal chelating, SOD and ABTS radical scavenging activities did not increase with the concentration. Highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained from the red pepper pericarp extracts. Overall, the red pepper seed and red pepper pericarp extracts were highly effective for the antioxidant properties assayed, with the exceptions of ferrous chelating activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD activity.     

脱脂羊脑蛋白水解多肽的分离纯化及抗氧化活性

为制备羊脑蛋白抗氧化肽,本实验对脱脂羊脑蛋白含量及氨基酸组成进行了分析;采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）对枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶不同酶解时间的酶解液分子质量进行了分析;采用交联葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-25和Sephadex G-15对羊脑酶解产物进行了逐级分离纯化,以羟自由基（·OH）和亚硝酸根离子清除能力为指标对分离组分进行抗氧活性评价,并对纯化后的组分抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明,脱脂羊脑粉中蛋白含量为60.55%,在测定的17 种氨基酸中,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸这两种酸性氨基酸含量最高,且含有7 种必需氨基酸;羊脑蛋白经酶解后,分子质量集中在10 kD以下;经Sephadex G-25纯化后,得到了6 个组分,其中组分F4的抗氧化活性最强,组分F4经SephadexG-15纯化后,得到3 个组分,其中组分F4-2的抗氧化活性最强,组分F4-2对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、·OH、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）、亚硝酸根离子的半数抑制率IC50分别为1.64、2.47、7.98、5.14 mg/mL。     

双孢菇蛋白粉废料中多糖的分离纯化及抗氧化活性研究

目的:分析双孢菇蛋白粉废料中多糖组分及抗氧化活性。方法:以双孢菇子实体提蛋白后残渣为材料,采用超声波热水浸提,Sevage法去蛋白,D101大孔树脂除色素和醇沉的方法制备粗多糖,通过DEAE-52层析柱对粗多糖进行分离纯化。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)等方法对纯化后多糖进行理化特性鉴定;采用清除DPPH、超氧阴离子、ABTS自由基实验,以及对H₂O₂处理的酵母细胞的保护作用实验评价其抗氧化活性,并对H₂O₂氧化损伤的酵母细胞上清液中的T-SOD、MDA、GSH-Px三种酶活性进行检测。结果:从双孢菇粗多糖中分离纯化到三种组分,分别命名为ABPS-Ⅰ、ABPS-Ⅱ和ABPS-Ⅲ。研究显示,ABPS-Ⅲ清除DPPH自由基能力最强。ABPS-Ⅲ多糖的含量为89.12%,SEM特征呈现六面体结构,IR分析结果显示其具有明显的糖类化合物的特征。ABPS-Ⅲ清除DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子、ABTS自由基的EC₅₀值分别为1.85、1.48、1.30 mg/mL。对氧化损伤酵母细胞保护实验结果显示,ABPS-Ⅲ可显著提高氧化损伤酵母细胞的存活率,在浓度为25 mg/mL时,保护率达到了42.58%;酶活性检测结果显示,添加ABPS-Ⅲ后,与氧化损伤组相比,酵母细胞上清液中T-SOD和GSH-Px的活力分别显著提高了337%和102%(p<0.01),MDA含量则显著降低了35.17%(p<0.05)。结论:双孢菇多糖ABPS-Ⅲ具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

Evaluation of antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of typical malting barley varieties

Fourteen typical malting barley varieties from China were evaluated for their DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities, reducing power, metal chelating activities, and total phenolic contents (TPC). All barley samples exhibited significant antioxidant activities determined by different assays, and contained significant levels of phenolic compounds. Gan4 and Wupi1 barley exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and reducing power. Gan4 and Humai16 barley showed the highest TPC, whereas the highest superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity were found in Huaimai19 and Ken3 barley, respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the TPC showed strong correlations with DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, and reducing power (P < 0.01), whereas its correlations with superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity were poor (P > 0.05). Moreover, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and reducing power were well positively correlated with each other (P < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to understand the interrelationships among the measured antioxidant activity evaluation indices, and to gain an overview of the similarities and differences among the 14 barley varieties.