龙蒿精油纳米胶囊制备工艺优化及结构表征研究

以龙蒿精油为芯材,壳聚糖为壁材,采用离子凝胶法制备龙蒿精油纳米胶囊。通过单因素试验考察芯材与壁材质量比、壳聚糖溶液的pH、三聚磷酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比对龙蒿精油包埋率的影响。采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析优化纳米胶囊制备工艺,建立影响因素的二次回归模型。采用透射电镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪对所制备的纳米胶囊进行表征分析。结果表明:响应面优化得出龙蒿精油纳米胶囊的最佳制备工艺为芯壁比2∶1、pH 3.5、三聚磷酸钠与壳聚糖的质量比0.4∶1.0,该条件下龙蒿精油纳米胶囊的包埋率为43.67%。傅里叶红外光谱分析证实龙蒿精油被成功包埋;透射电镜观察纳米胶囊呈较规则圆形,平均粒径约为40nm;差示扫描量热分析表明龙蒿精油纳米胶囊具有良好的热稳定性。     

薄荷精油微胶囊的制备及应用

由于薄荷精油具有较高的挥发性,应用受到限制,以阿拉伯胶和明胶为壁材,通过复合凝聚法对薄荷精油进行微胶囊化包埋,并将其整理在聚氨酯软泡材料上。通过显微镜观察、粒径测试,探讨芯壁比、复合凝聚温度、壁材比、固化剂用量等对制备薄荷精油微胶囊的影响,用扫描电镜观察薄荷精油微胶囊的表观形貌。结果表明：单因素优化微胶囊的制备工艺为芯壁比2.0∶1.0,壁材比1.0∶1.0,囊化温度35℃,固化剂用量0.61μL/m L,制备的薄荷微胶囊平均粒径为36.1 nm,包埋率为42.61%;聚氨酯软泡材料的扫描电镜图显示有微胶囊附着,释香保留率为59.17%。     

织物芳香、抗菌整理桉叶精油微胶囊制备工艺研究

以β-环糊精为壁材、桉叶精油为芯材,通过冷冻干燥法制备用于纺织品芳香及抗菌整理的桉叶精油微胶囊,分析壁芯比、包埋温度和包埋时间对桉叶精油微胶囊包埋率的影响。通过正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为β-CD浓度8g/mL、包埋温度40℃、包埋时间2h。在该条件下桉叶精油微胶囊的包埋率为72.68%,包埋效果较好。     

牛至精油微胶囊的制备、表征及在杏贮藏期的抑菌效果

为进一步开发植物精油在果蔬采后抑菌保鲜中的应用,本实验以牛至精油为芯材,以明胶、阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复凝聚法,通过工艺优化制备了牛至精油微胶囊,并通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和差示扫描量热分析进一步表征了其理化特性和缓释性能,最后评估了不同施用剂量的牛至精油微胶囊在杏果实采后贮藏中的抑菌效果及其对腐烂率和抗病相关酶活力的影响。结果表明：牛至精油微胶囊制备最优工艺条件为芯材和壁材质量比1∶1、壁材质量比（明胶、阿拉伯胶质量比）1∶1、反应温度45 ℃、反应时间30 min,在此工艺条件下制备的牛至精油微胶囊包埋率为83.65%,载油率为74.36%,平均粒径为147 μm;与单一牛至精油（纯度为98%）相比,牛至精油微胶囊具有更好的球形和规则表面结构,保持了更高的热稳定性,并具备了缓释特性;其中,4%（以果实质量计）的牛至精油微胶囊处理降低了杏果实在贮藏期间的菌落总数、霉菌总数和腐烂率,并提高了杏果实贮藏期间过氧化物酶、L-苯丙氨酸氨解酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、过氧化氢酶和几丁质酶活性,降低了杏果实贮藏期内的多酚氧化酶活性。该结果为开发基于植物精油的缓释抑菌剂提供了新思路。     

复凝聚法制备松籽油微胶囊工艺优化及其氧化稳定性分析

以明胶与阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复凝聚法包埋松籽油制备松籽油微胶囊。考察壁材比(明胶与阿拉伯胶体积比)、芯壁比、壁材质量分数、复凝聚时间对微胶囊包埋率的影响,通过正交试验优化微胶囊制备工艺,并对制备的微胶囊理化特性及氧化稳定性进行分析。结果表明松籽油微胶囊制备的优化工艺条件为壁材比2∶1、芯壁比2∶3、壁材质量分数2%、复凝聚时间50 min,在此条件下微胶囊包埋率达到87.23%。制备的松籽油微胶囊含水率为5.1%,溶解度为98.09%,具有较好的溶解性;通过傅里叶转换红外光谱及扫描电子显微镜分析证明了微胶囊的形成;差示扫描量热分析结果显示,微胶囊热溶解温度较高,在室温下热稳定性良好。包埋后的松籽油经加速贮藏实验表明微胶囊化可以提高松籽油的氧化稳定性,延长松籽油贮藏期。     

壳聚糖/明胶/纤维素纳米晶体复合壁材制备香精微胶囊

本研究以柠檬香精为芯材,壳聚糖(CS)、明胶(GE)和纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)为复合壁材,采用复凝聚法制备柠檬香精微胶囊。研究了壁材质量分数、CNC质量分数、芯壁比和乳化速率对微胶囊粒径和包埋率的影响,确定了最佳制备工艺条件为:壁材质量分数0.2%,CNC质量分数0.3%,芯壁比3:1,乳化速率900 r/min。在此最佳条件下制得的香精微胶囊包埋率为74.35%。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表明,CS、GE与CNC之间发生了静电吸引。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表明,香精微胶囊呈球形,粒径在1.8～5.2μm之间,分散性良好。热重分析表明,CS/GE/CNC壁材体系能很好地保护柠檬香精在200℃以下的缓慢释放。     

复合凝聚法制备天然椰子油微胶囊

以明胶、阿拉伯胶为壁材,采用复合凝聚法制备天然椰子油微胶囊。用TG酶作为固化剂,以包埋率为主要评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验对天然椰子油微胶囊制备工艺进行优化。重点探讨p H、壁材质量浓度、芯壁比、反应温度对天然椰子油微胶囊制备的影响,并分析天然椰子油微胶囊产品的基本性质。结果表明:天然椰子油微胶囊制备的最佳条件为p H 3.5、壁材质量浓度20 g/L、芯壁比2∶1、反应温度40℃,该条件下制备的天然椰子油微胶囊产品的水分含量(2.88±0.31)%、表面油含量(4.20±0.05)%、包埋率(93.75±0.28)%、平均粒径413μm。     

响应面法优化孜然精油微胶囊工艺

以β-环糊精和麦芽糊精为壁材采用真空抽滤法包埋制备孜然精油微胶囊。在复合壁材比、固形物质量浓度、芯壁比和包埋时间4 个单因素筛选的基础上采用四因素三水平响应面试验设计确定了最佳微胶囊制备工艺参数为β-环糊精与麦芽糊精比8∶2（g/g）、固形物质量浓度40 g/100 mL、芯材与壁材比1∶5（mL/g）、包埋时间55 min,该条件下孜然精油的包埋效率可达97.68%。     

桉叶精油β-环糊精微胶囊制备工艺的研究

桉叶精油具有广泛的生物活性,但其易挥发性使其应用受到了限制。为扩大桉叶精油的应用范围,以β-环糊精为壁材,采用饱和水溶液法制备桉叶精油微胶囊。综合考察了包埋温度、包埋时间、壁芯比、乙醇与精油比、水与β-环糊精比等单因素对微胶囊包埋效果的影响,在此基础上,采用正交实验优化了桉叶精油β-环糊精微胶囊的制备工艺。结果表明:壁芯比、包埋温度和包埋时间对包埋效果影响显著,而乙醇与精油比、水与β-环糊精比对包埋效果影响较小。确定了最佳制备工艺为:包埋温度40℃,包埋时间2 h,壁芯比10∶1,乙醇与精油比25∶1,水与β-环糊精比10∶1,此条件下制备的桉叶精油β-环糊精微胶囊包埋率为70.33%,包埋得率为86.27%。     

防蚊微胶囊的制备及工艺优化

以壳聚糖和十二烷基苯磺酸钠为壁材,荆芥精油为芯材,采用复凝聚法制备荆芥精油微胶囊,讨论了乳化剂的复配质量比、复配乳化剂用量、芯壁比、芯壁质量分数、复凝聚pH值、搅拌速度、固化剂用量对荆芥精油微胶囊制备的影响,并测试了荆芥精油微胶囊的官能团结构及微观形貌。试验结果表明:在复配乳化剂Span-80/Tween-80质量比2∶1,乳化剂用量为精油质量的30%,芯壁比2∶1,芯壁质量分数0.5%,复凝聚pH值5.5,搅拌速度600r/min,固化剂用量为壳聚糖质量分数2%的条件下制备所得的荆芥精油微胶囊的外观呈圆球形,规整圆滑,表面有微孔,平均粒径1~2μm左右,粒径分布较集中。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.