Tolosa-Hunt 综合征的MRI诊断及其临床价值

目的 探讨Tolosa-Hunt综合征(THS)的MRI征象及其临床价值. 资料与方法 对13例经临床确诊的THS患者行MRI检查,分别选取矢状位、轴位及冠状位扫描,并行Gd-DTPA增强扫描,2例加作磁共振血管成像三维时间飞跃法( 3D-TOF MRA). 结果 全部病例均为单侧发病,表现为病变侧海绵窦形态发生改变,在T1WI上呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,边缘清楚,颈内动脉(ICA)被包绕,管腔不同程度变窄,增强扫描病灶明显强化.治疗后病灶缩小或消失,增强扫描强化程度减低. 结论 THS的MRI表现有一定的特征性,其不仅能显示病变的范围为诊断和鉴别诊断提供客观依据,还是治疗后随访的最佳方法.     

Tolosa-Hunt综合征的影像学表现(附12例报告)

目的 探讨Tolosa-Hunt综合征(THS)的影像学表现，为其临床诊断提供客观依据。方法 对1994-2002年临床确诊的12例THS进行了回顾性研究，分析其CT、MR平扫及增强扫描、DSA、磁共振血管成像(MRA)的表现。结果 12例中7例影像学表现异常，主要表现为一侧海绵窦增大，眶尖软组织肿块。CT呈软组织密度，MR T1WI呈等信号或稍低信号，T2WI呈稍高、稍低信号或等信号；强化扫描CT、MRI均示病变明显强化，同时伴有邻近硬膜强化。DSA检查2例示病侧颈内动脉海绵窦段稍狭窄，MRA检查1例示一侧颈内动脉海绵窦段狭窄，形态不规则。另5例无明显异常表现。结论 THS部分病例有影像学的异常改变，CT、MRI表现对其确诊有重要价值。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI诊断及意义

目的 分析经手术和病理证实的21例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤(CHCS)的MRI表现,探讨MRI对CHCS诊断价值.方法 21例均行MRI平扫、增强及扩散加权成像(DWI),5例行单体素1 H-MRS检查.结果 典型CHCS多数体积较大,呈“横葫芦状”横跨蝶鞍内外.MRI-T1 WI呈等或稍低信号,T2 WI呈类似脑脊液高信号.增强扫描病变呈非常显著的均匀或不均匀强化.DWI呈等或稍低信号.1 H-MRS 5例均表现为NAA峰、Cr峰和Cho峰消失,4例出现Lip峰.结论 MRI平扫、增强扫描及DWI、1H MRS等检查方法可对CHCS准确定位并作出术前定性诊断,有助于手术方案的选择并确定手术入路,指导精确手术,降低致残率.     

鼻咽癌侵犯海绵窦MRI诊断

探讨鼻咽癌侵犯海绵窦的ＭＲＩ特点。材料与方法；招集病理确诊的鼻咽癌伴有前组颅神经损害为主要临床症状ＭＲＩ资料３３例。采用Ｅｌｓｃｉｎｔ ＧｙｒｅｘⅤ型磁共振仪，０．５Ｔ，超导型。ＳＥ，横断位，Ｔ１ＷＩ，Ｔ２ＷＩ计３３例；其中１７例加扫状位，Ｔ１ＷＩ；１０例进行了增强ＭＲＩ扫描。     

MRI对颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断价值

目的　探讨MR对颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断价值。方法　 2 3例经DSA检查证实的颈动脉海绵窦瘘 ,应用Toshiba 0 .5T磁共振扫描仪进行眼部及颅脑常规MRI及 3DTOFMRA扫描 ,回顾性分析其MRI及MRA表现。结果　 2 3例颈动脉海绵窦瘘的主要MRI及MRA表现 :全部病例均可见患侧海绵窦扩大 ,海绵窦主要属支静脉眼上静脉迂曲扩张 ;患侧眼下静脉扩张 3例 ,大脑浅静脉中组扩张 5例 ;海绵窦引流静脉岩上窦显示扩张 3例、岩下窦扩张 2例。吻合支翼静脉丛迂曲扩张 2例 ,对侧海绵窦扩大 3例。大脑动脉环后交通动脉开放 17例 19支。结论　MRI及MRA检查能够明确颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断 ,且MRA可同时显示脑供血代偿的情况 ,有助于选择DSA介入治疗时机。     

海绵窦炎的MRI诊断(附16例报告)

目的回顾性分析海绵窦炎的临床及MRI表现。方法对16例经临床诊断的海绵窦炎患者行MRI检查,分别选取矢状面、轴面及冠面扫描,其中9例行Gd DTPA增强扫描,1例加作MRA3D TOF。结果全部病例病变侧海绵窦形态发生改变,在T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈高信号,边缘不清。增强扫描明显强化,颈内动脉(ICA)被包绕,管腔变窄并发现多数病例(10/16)同时伴有邻近部位的炎症病灶。结论MRI能发现海绵窦炎并作出准确诊断,为临床提供有效信息。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现,以提高诊断正确率.方法 收集经手术病理证实的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤9例,全部病例均行头颅MRI平扫及增强扫描.结果 MRI扫描病灶形态呈哑铃状或类圆形,边界清楚,T1WI 6例呈脑灰质信号,3例稍低于脑灰质信号,T2WI 9例均呈类似于脑脊液的均匀极高信号,T1WI增强扫描均匀显著强化8例,不均匀强化1例.结论 MRI对海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的诊断有重要价值.     

海绵窦的MRI解剖

为海绵窦解剖的影像学和外科学提供基础资料。方法利用１１具头颅冠状断面层标本,３６例正常头颅冠状面平扫,动态和常规增强ＭＲＩ对照研究了海绵窦的位置,形态和内容。结果海绵窦为中颅凹两层硬脑膜民的硬脑膜窦,颈内动脉和外层神经位于海绵窦内,     

多发性硬化MRI表现及其诊断价值

目的：探讨多发性硬化(MS)的MRI表现特征及其诊断价值。方法：对21例MS患者进行了MRI检查，所有病例均行Gd-DTPA增强扫描。扫描序列包括：T1WI、T2WI、FLAIR，6例进行了随访观察。结果：21例均有MRI阳性表现，3例仅有脊髓病灶，12例仅有脑部病灶，6例脊髓与脑均有病灶。脑内病灶共358个，以侧脑室旁白质区和半卵圆中心多见。形态大小不等，幕上多于幕下。胼胝体受累6例，典型者病灶长轴与侧脑室体部垂直。脊髓表现为髓内长条状长T2信号影，颈髓多见。19例有不同程度的增强表现，病灶强化程度与病灶活动性明显相关。随访病例发现：2例病情稳定者无强化表现并无新病灶出现，4例病情反复者出现新病灶并有强化表现。结论：MRI能清楚显示脑和脊髓的MS病灶，并具有相对特征性的表现，能客观地反映病灶的活动性。     

产后胎盘植入的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的探讨胎盘植入的MRI表现特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析10例经病理或临床证实的产后植入性胎盘患者资料(年龄20～33岁,平均27.6岁)。10例均行常规MRI,7例行增强扫描。总结其MRI特点及诊断价值。结果 10例中,MRI确诊9例,误诊1例。MRI表现为:子宫体积不同程度增大;子宫肌层内层结合带完整性破坏,局部模糊甚至中断。子宫内见混杂信号团块影,孕龄短的胎盘表现为单纯的团块状结构,孕龄长的胎盘具有特征性的叶状、结节状结构。以子宫肌层为对照,T1WI病灶表现为等低信号,与宫壁分界欠清,T2WI表现为混杂的明显高信号,内可见条状及点状低信号,病灶突入肌层,肌层局部明显变薄,其中接近浆膜层者7例,基本在肌层内3例。增强扫描病灶呈不均匀明显强化,类似"花瓣"样,边缘呈较高信号而中央呈稍低信号,其强化程度基本等同于子宫肌层,坏死区无强化,有时表现为"裂隙"状。结论 MRI能明确诊断胎盘植入及判断肌层侵入的大致程度,是显示胎盘植入的辅助诊断工具之一。     

MRI findings in the patients with the presumptive clinical diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome

The aim of this study was to present our experience in MRI diagnosis of 23 patients with the clinical findings suggesting Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS). Cranial MRI studies of the patients with a clinical history of at least one episode of unilateral or bilateral orbital and periorbital pain, and associated paresis of one or more of third to sixth cranial nerves, were performed on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Whereas 5 patients had the diagnosis of THS, paracavernous meningiomas in 4 patients, pituitary macroadenomas with cavernous sinus infiltration in 3 patients, Meckel's cave neurinoma in 1 patient, and suprasellar epidermoid in 1 patient were surgically proven MRI findings. Other pathological MRI findings were leptomeningeal metastases in 3 patients, granulomatous pachymeningitis sequelae in 2 patients, and aneurysm with compression on cavernous sinus in 1 patient. Three patients had normal MRI findings. The incidence of radiologically proven diagnosis of THS among the patients with the clinical findings suggesting THS seemed to be low in our study. In conclusion, MRI is the most valuable imaging technique to distinguish THS from other THS-like entities, and permits a precise assessment, management, and therapeutic planning of the underlying pathological conditions. Electronic Publication     

MRI of infarction of a cavernous sinus tumor in Nelson's syndrome

We report the MRI appearances of an infarcted cavernous sinus tumor in a patient with Nelson's syndrome. Invasive tumors of the pituitary extending to the cavernous sinus are discussed and the role of MRI in preoperative investigation is highlighted.     

CT and high-field MRI in septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses

Summary In a patient with septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinuses CT demonstrated multiple filling defects due to clot formation, but 1.5 T MRI showed an atypical appearance of the thrombus, possibly because of the sepsis.     

脑实质内海绵状血管瘤MRI表现

目的分析脑实质内海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现，提高本病的诊断水平。方法回顾分析18例经临床及手术病理证实脑实质内海绵状血管瘤的MRI影像表现。结果18例共26个病灶，表现为T1WI等信号、高信号、混杂信号或环状高信号，T2WI低信号、均匀高信号或环状高信号，周围可见低信号环；大部分病灶无占位效应及周围水肿，所有病灶在梯度回波（GRE）序列上均可见到病灶边缘低信号环；Gd—DTPA增强扫描部分病灶强化。结论海绵状血管瘤MRI表现较为特异，MRI检查是诊断脑实质内海绵状血管瘤最为敏感的方法。     

Is there a dural wall between the cavernous sinus and the pituitary fossa? Anatomical and MRI findings

We compared MRI studies of the sellar area and embryological and adult histological studies of the cavernous sinuses and pituitary fossa. MRI studies were performed in 50 normal subjects with coronal sections using a fast inversion-recovery sequence to demonstrate the dural walls of the cavernous sinus and pituitary fossa. With this sequence, dura mater appears as a high-signal linear structure. The lateral and superior walls of the cavernous sinus was easily identified on all studies, but demonstration of a dural wall separating the cavernous sinus from the pituitary fossa was not possible. These results correlated well with embryological and adult histological studies obtained from 14 specimens. The absence of a strong separation between the pituitary fossa and the cavernous sinus explains the high incidence of extension of pituitary tumours to the cavernous sinuses and vice versa. Received: 5 January 1998 Accepted: 14 February 1998     

Vogt-小柳-原田综合征眼部MRI表现

目的 探讨Vngt-小柳-原田综合征(VKHS)的眼部MRI表现及其诊断价值.方法 对14例(男7例,女7例,年龄10～62岁)经临床确诊的VKHS患者的眼部MRI表现进行回顾性分析.结果 14例(28眼)在MRI均表现为视网膜.脉络膜复合体增厚,呈等T1、等T2信号.6例(12眼)伴有视网膜脱离,5例(10眼)伴有睫状体的异常增厚和强化,2例(4眼)伴有视神经炎.11例(22眼)行增强扫描,可见病变呈明显均匀强化.结论 MRI可很好地显示该病的眼部表现和累及范围,有助于VKHS的诊断及随访观察.     

海绵窦内海绵状血管瘤的影像学诊断(附4例报告)

目的:探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤影像学特点,以提高其诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术后病理证实的4例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤,均有CT和MRI检查资料,1例行DSA检查。结果:4例海绵窦海绵状血管瘤均位于左侧,CT表现为均匀的稍高密度影,伴蝶骨轻度骨质侵蚀,未见钙化。MRI检查见T1WI呈较脑灰质低的均匀信号,T2WI呈较脑灰质高的均匀信号,静脉注射钆喷酸葡甲胺后T1WI显示明显强化的均匀高信号,形态特点呈内小外大的哑铃状结构,边缘清晰。1例DSA检查见颈内动脉受压移位明显,但无管腔狭窄征象,于毛细血管期和窦期有浅淡的肿瘤染色。结论:MRI是术前诊断海绵窦海绵状血管瘤最具价值的检查手段,而CT、DSA可作为鉴别诊断工具。     

Cavernous haemangioma in the cavernous sinus: case report and review of the literature

We report a cavernous haemangioma in the left cavernous sinus. This lesions very rarely occurs in this site and is difficult to diagnose correctly preoperatively. CT, angiography and MRI permit differentiation of the cavernous haemangioma from other tumours in this region and thereby contribute to a better surgical approach. The radiological features of cavernous haemangioma reported in the literature are summarised. Received: 24 February 1999 Accepted: 1 September 2000