单胺氧化酶与胚胎植入关系的研究进展

单胺氧化酶是一种参与胺类物质代谢的酶,其底物主要包括5-羟色胺、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素等生物活性胺.单胺氧化酶通过对其底物的代谢发挥生理作用,主要参与神经活动调节.然而在对胚胎植入和子宫内膜容受形成的研究中发现,在人子宫内膜容受窗期其亚型之一单胺氧化酶A表达明显上调,提示单胺氧化酶与胚胎植入有密切关系.随研究深入,越来越多的研究证实单胺氧化酶参与胚胎着床的调控,但其具体作用及作用机制目前还不清楚.有关单胺氧化酶与胚胎植入的相关研究.     

连接蛋白参与胚胎植入与子宫内膜蜕膜化作用机制的研究进展

目前胚胎种植成功率为30%~40%,并有研究证实有50%~75%的妊娠失败源于胚胎植入的异常。胚胎植入是正常妊娠建立的一个关键环节,子宫内膜容受性受损与子宫内膜间质蜕膜化失败是导致胚胎植入失败的主要原因。胚胎植入涉及一系列信号分子及细胞因子参与,许多研究证实缝隙连接蛋白参与胚胎植入及子宫内膜蜕膜化的调控。本文就连接蛋白...     

子宫内膜容受性与白血病抑制因子的相关性

子宫内膜容受性在胚胎植入中起关键作用,约2/3的胚胎植入失败是由于子宫内膜容受性不佳。白血病抑制因子（leukemia inhibitory factor,LIF）是子宫内膜容受性的重要生物学标志物之一,其在种植窗子宫内膜腺上皮高表达,参与调控胚胎植入过程中子宫上皮细胞的信号转导,将子宫内膜从非接受状态转化为接受状态。LIF表达异常可使子宫内膜容受性受损,与不孕症的发生密切相关,且其表达具有类固醇激素依赖性,并受多种细胞因子和生长因子调控。综述LIF在子宫内膜容受性的建立、胚胎植入、子宫内膜蜕膜化过程中的表达、相关信号转导通路及影响因素的研究进展,以期为子宫内膜容受性的诊治提供新的思路。     

肝素对子宫内膜容受性影响的研究进展

子宫内膜容受性(endometrial receptivity)是指子宫内膜对胚胎的接受能力,是影响胚胎植入成功与否的重要因素。随着辅助生殖技术的发展,获得的优质胚胎数量也有所增多,但胚胎植入的成功率仍未达到较高水平。有关胚胎植入的研究大多以胚胎为中心,而对子宫内膜因素的研究较少。需要重视研究子宫内膜容受性,以及如何改善子宫内膜容受性以提高胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率。肝素为一种抗凝剂,具有抗凝血、抑制血小板聚集、抗炎等作用,在妇产科领域也有广泛应用,可用于预防手术后血栓形成、复发性流产、妊娠期高血压疾病等多种疾病。此外,肝素还可对子宫内膜容受性产生调控作用,提高胚胎植入的成功率。回顾总结肝素对子宫内膜容受性的作用机制及临床研究进展。     

肝素对子宫内膜容受性影响的研究进展

子宫内膜容受性（endometrial receptivity）是指子宫内膜对胚胎的接受能力，是影响胚胎植入成功与否的重要因素。随着辅助生殖技术的发展，获得的优质胚胎数量也有所增多，但胚胎植入的成功率仍未达到较高水平。有关胚胎植入的研究大多以胚胎为中心，而对子宫内膜因素的研究较少。需要重视研究子宫内膜容受性，以及如何改善子宫内膜容受性以提高胚胎种植率和临床妊娠率。肝素为一种抗凝剂，具有抗凝血、抑制血小板聚集、抗炎等作用，在妇产科领域也有广泛应用，可用于预防手术后血栓形成、复发性流产、妊娠期高血压疾病等多种疾病。此外，肝素还可对子宫内膜容受性产生调控作用，提高胚胎植入的成功率。回顾总结肝素对子宫内膜容受性的作用机制及临床研究进展。     

丹莪妇康煎膏对子宫内膜容受性的影响

胚胎着床是复杂的程序化的生理过程.子宫内膜仅在极短时间内允许胚胎植入,此时子宫内膜达到最大胚泡种植容受性.子宫内膜容受性是指子宫内膜对胚胎接受能力[1].胚胎植入成功在于有良好的胚胎和容受性的子宫内膜,而子宫内膜容受性形成过程中受多种细胞因子、蛋白分子调控[2].     

高通量转录组测序技术在评价子宫内膜容受性中的应用价值

良好的子宫内膜容受性是胚胎植入的关键因素,容受期子宫内膜组织的基因表达与容受性密切相关。通过高通量转录组测序技术可以获得月经不同时期子宫内膜基因表达图谱以及调控基因表达的微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）序列,结合生物信息学分析,可以更好地了解容受期子宫内膜特异基因表达,并为其调控机制的研究提供技术支持,对于不孕症患者以及反复植入失败患者的诊治具有非常重要的临床应用价值。对高通量转录组测序在子宫内膜容受性及胚胎植入方面的相关研究进行了综述。     

子宫内膜容受性评价研究

正子宫内膜容受性是指子宫内膜对胚胎的接受能力,即在特定阶段允许胚胎粘附至植入完成,它受严格的时-空限制;子宫内膜容受性的建立是胚胎在子宫内定位、黏附和成功着床所必需~([1]),对子宫内膜容受性的评价有重要的临床意义。随着辅助生殖技术的发展,子宫内膜容受性成为研究焦点,本文就子宫内膜容受性评价研究做一综述。1形态学标志在细胞形态学方面,现已认为胞饮突(pinopde)可作为评价子宫内膜容受性的指标之一。胞饮     

哺乳动物胚胎植入分子机制的研究进展

哺乳动物胚胎植入是胚胎滋养层与子宫内膜相互融合的过程.成功植入需要:①子宫内膜具有容受性;②正常和功能完善的且处于胚泡发育期的胚胎;③母体与胚胎组织发育同步且功能协调.胚胎植入子宫内膜需要经过定位、黏附、穿透三个过程.近年来,不断有新的研究发现在胚胎植入中有许多重要的基因和蛋白分子及相关的作用机制参与该过程,如硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖4(CSPG4)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和微小RNA(miRNA)等.明确这些关键基因和蛋白分子在胚胎植入时作用的分子机制,有助于未来临床不孕症的诊断、治疗及预防.     

中医补肾法在改善子宫内膜容受性中的研究概况

<正>有研究~([1])显示,目前不孕症的发病率已高达15%,子宫内膜容受性差是导致不孕的主要原因之一~([2])。子宫内膜容受性是子宫内膜接受胚胎的能力,即在某个特定的阶段能够允许胚胎粘附其上,并完成植入,与妊娠关系十分密切~([3])。然而,现阶段临床上改善子宫内膜容受性的治疗多为经验性治疗,缺乏     

Studies on mitochondrial metabolic processes in offspring of alcoholized rats--I. Evidence for altered activity and sensitivity to monoamine oxidase-dependent control by biogenic amines of some membrane-bound enzymes.

In the liver mitochondrial fraction of the first generation offspring of alcoholized male rats, decreased activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) types A and B, rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c-reductase and succinate dehydrogenase were observed. The MAO-dependent inhibition of rotenone-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c-reductase and succinate dehydrogenase by biogenic amines, incubated with the mitochondrial fraction, was altered in the offspring of alcoholized animals as compared with control rats. The sensitivity of these enzymatic activities towards the inhibitory effect of 5-methoxyindol-3-ylacetaldehyde was markedly increased in the offspring of alcoholized male rats. The data obtained suggest the existence of a genetically determined predisposition of the mitochondrial metabolic processes in the offspring of the alcoholized rats to the effects of ethanol and to the toxic effects of acetaldehyde, formed during ethanol metabolism.     

Energy balance and cancer: the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I

Recent theories propose that a Western lifestyle may increase cancer risk through alterations in the metabolism of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF: McKeown-Eyssen, 1994; Giovannucci, 1995; Kaaks, 19%; Werner & LeRoith, 1996). Insulin regulates energy metabolism, and increases the bioactivity of IGF-I, by enhancing its synthesis. and by decreasing several of its binding proteins (IGFBP; IGFBP-1 and -2). Insulin and IGF-I both stimulate anabolic processes as a function of available energy and elementary substrates (e.g. amino acids). The anabolic signals by insulin or IGF-I can promote tumour development by inhibiting apoptosis, and by stimulating cell proliferation. Furthermore, both insulin and IGF-I stimulate the synthesis of sex steroids, and inhibit the synthesis of sex hormone-binding globulin (SFIBG), a binding protein that regulates the bioavailability of circulating sex steroids to tissues. The present paper reviews epidemiological findings relating the risk of cancers of the colo-rectum, pancreas, breast, endometrium and prostate to body size (obesity, height) and physical activity, and discusses the relationships between obesity and physical activity and plasma levels of insulin, IGF-I and IGFBP. Subsequent sections review epidemiological findings relating cancer risk to indices of chronic hyperinsulinaemia, and to plasma levels of IGF-I and IGFBP. Conclusions are that chronic hyperinsulinaemia may be a cause of cancers of the colon, pancreas and endometrium, and also possibly of the breast. On the other hand, elevated plasma IGF-I, as total concentrations or relative to levels of IGFBP-3, appears to be related to an increased risk of prostate cancer, breast cancer in young women, and possibly cob-rectal cancer. For cancers of the endometrium, breast and prostate, these findings are discussed in the context of relationships between insulin and IGF-I and levels of bioavailable sex steroids.     

Effects of oral contraceptive steroids on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in extracts of human endometrium

Both the combined steroid contraceptive pill and the individual components influenced the activities of several enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in extracts of human endometrium. Lactate dehydrogenase, for instance, was strongly inhibited by the combined pill and by individual steroid components of the pills. The effects of the steroids on the activities of the various enzymes were more pronounced in secretory-phase endometrium.The results suggest that oral contraceptive steroids may have a direct effect on carbohydrate metabolism in human endometrium.     

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity after combined action of chlordimeform with the antidepressant nialamide

The 40-day oral administration of 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg chlordimeform to male rats moderately decreased monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) in the brain, liver, and serum, determined with the substrates kynuramine, tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin, dopamine, and benzylamine. The enzyme was inhibited predominantly in the liver. The study of MAO inhibition after 10 days application of 2, 6, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg nialamide revealed that 2 mg/kg had a threshold effect. A dose of 6 mg/kg resulted in a pronounced decrease in the enzyme activity. Experiments with a 30-day application of 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg chlordimeform were made, followed by treatment with 6 mg/kg nialamide in combination for another 10 days. The statistical evaluation by the Student's t-test demonstrated increased MAO inhibitory action. Dose-effect relationship was established with kynuramine in liver, brain, and serum, and with benzylamine in liver.     

缺铜致大鼠高脂血症的研究

雄性断奶大鼠,随机分为两组,喂合铜饲料和缺铜饲料,饲养一个月。缺铜组大鼠体重增加少,血浆总蛋白和血红蛋白含量降低,血浆铜和动脉壁铜含量下降,同时出现血脂增高和单胺氧化酶活力降低。实验结果表明,食物缺铜可引起高胆固醇血症和含铜酶活力降低。     

Alpha-amylase, glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase in the human endometrium: influence of the cycle and of the Cu-T device

Activity of alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1.), glycogen-synthetase (E.C.2.4.1.11.) and phosphorylase (E.C.2.4.1.1.), protein content and date of endometrial biopsy specimens from 8 normally menstruating women (ages 23-33) were determined and plasma progesterone assayed at different phases of the menstrual cycle for 3 cycles before and after the insertion of a Copper-T intrauterine device. Agreement between cycle day, histological dating, and plasma progesterone levels were consistent in control cycles, but discrepancies were found in 6 of 24 cycles with the Copper-T device in situ. Protein content of the endometrium did not differ due to Copper-T presence. Alpha-amylase activity of the secretory endometrium was significantly higher than that of the proliferative endometrium both in the absence and presence of the Copper-T device. Presence of the Copper-T significantly decreased the alpha-amylase activity especially in the proliferative phase, without interfering with cyclic variation in activity. Glycogen synthetase activity increased gradually with the cycle and reached highest values in the secretory endometrium. No such increase appeared with the Copper-T device in situ. Phosphorylase activity was not affected by either the various stages of the cycle or the presence of the Copper-T device. It is suggested that the Copper-T device interferes with certain phases of the glycogen metabolism of the endometrium.     

Applications of CYP-450 expression for biomonitoring in environmental health

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are one of the first steps in the metabolism of xenobiotics, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are bioactivated into carcinogens. As such, changes in CYP expression are potential biomarkers in human biomonitoring applications. For the proper biomonitoring of environmental toxicants, it is important to understand the biological relevance of each biomarker and the associations among the biomarkers for uses as exposure, effects, and susceptibility biomarkers. Here, we have reviewed various aspects of CYPs for biomonitoring environmental health in terms of the CYP substrates, such as PAHs, aromatic amines, benzene/toluene, and tobacco smoking-related nitrosamines. This review also includes association studies between CYP phenotypical alterations and other exposure, susceptibility, and effect biomarkers. The association studies were mainly performed in CYP gene-transfected cells and noninvasive human biospecies, such as urine and peripheral blood. In conclusion, we suggest that phenotypical alterations in CYPs with exposure to environmental toxicants are useful as susceptibility or effect biomarkers, particularly when the phenotype-related genotypes are unknown.     

INFLUENCE OF ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION ON THE ACTIVITY AND COMPARTMENTATION OF RAT LIVER MONOAMINE OXIDASES

Single-dose ethanol administration to rats caused inhibitionof liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B, andan increase in susceptibility of MAO A (but not MAO B) to limitedproteolysis. Chronic ethanol feeding resulted in a less distinctalteration in catalytic activity and susceptibility to proteolysisof mitochondrial MAO, but increased the amount of soluble MAO.The sensitivity of membrane-bound MAO to inhibitors (imipramineand chlorpromazine), action of which depends on their lipophilicityand/or hydrophobicity, remained unchanged, compared with controls.Increased amounts of soluble MAO seen after chronic ethanolfeeding probably reflect an impairment of insertion of newlysynthesized enzyme molecules into the outer mitochondrial membrane,rather than solubilization of MAO from it.     

替勃龙与尼尔雌醇治疗绝经后更年期症状临床疗效比较

目的:比较替勃龙(2.5mg/片)和尼尔雌醇(2mg/片)治疗绝经后妇女更年期症状的疗效及其对脂代谢、雌激素水平、子宫内膜和乳腺的影响。方法:将87例更年期患者随机分为替勃龙组(2.5mg/次,1次/日)和尼尔雌醇组(2mg/次,1次/2周)治疗6个月,记录两组临床症状的变化及不良反应,测定治疗前后甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)及血清雌二醇(E2)水平,B超监测乳腺及测量子宫内膜厚度。结果:①两组方面在缓解潮热、盗汗、心悸、失眠、尿频及阴道干涩症状方面差异无统计学意义,在缓解腰背痛、功能性消化不良症状、抑郁等精神症状方面差异有统计学意义。②两组治疗前后TG、LDL、E2水平差异均无统计学意义,HDL水平治疗后均较治疗前显著上升,P<0.05。③治疗前后子宫内膜和乳腺体层厚度的变化两组间差异无统计学意义。结论:替勃龙和尼尔雌醇治疗6个月均能有效改善女性绝经后更年期症状,对脂代谢和雌激素水平无不良影响,亦未显示对子宫内膜和乳腺产生不良影响。替勃龙临床综合疗效优于尼尔雌醇,不良反应的发生率低。