燃油注汽锅炉烟气余热回收技术

分析回收烟气预热的必要性,提出注汽锅炉烟气余热回收的方案,并通过测试分析证实了注汽锅炉烟气余热回收的效果,对回收排烟中水蒸汽潜热技术进行了介绍.     

稠油热采注汽锅炉烟气余热回收利用

利用SGR-ⅡK型热管换热器回收稠油热采注汽锅炉烟气余热,用以预热锅炉燃烧空气,实践证明：利用注汽锅炉烟气余热可提高锅炉热效率,降低注汽成本。     

提高注汽锅炉运行热效率研究

根据油田注汽锅炉热平衡测算数据及结果分析,找出了其运行热效率低的原因。影响注汽锅炉运行热效率的主要因素是排烟温度和空气系数,测算分析表明,大部分注汽锅炉二者均超标。根据注汽锅炉特点提出了提高运行热效率的技术措施,即空气系数调节技术、化学清烟垢技术和烟气余热回收技术。工程应用表明,节能及经济效益显著。     

稠油热采注汽锅炉烟气余热利用设想

针对稠油热采注汽锅炉烟气余热利用进行了全面的技术经济分析和比较，根据技术可行性，价格性能比和初投资，提出了适宜的方案，通过烟气余热利用可大大降低锅炉运行成本。     

注汽锅炉烟气余热回收技术研究

根据测算数据确定了注汽锅炉的余热回收参数，在对各种改造流程对比分析的基础上，选择了利用余热预热泵前给水方案。通过热力计算，确定了余热回收装置的主要参数，并据此进行了设计。应用结果表明，注汽锅炉进行余热回收后，节能及经济效益显著。     

热管式锅炉在烟气余热回收中的应用

正热管式锅炉是一种高效率的低品位热能回收装置,主要用于回收烟气余热,副产低压饱和蒸汽。回收的蒸汽可以并入同压力的蒸汽管网,补充化工生产系统用汽,汽量较大且热源稳定时也可用于发电或其它用途。兖矿煤化公司所属生产企业通过对焦炉烟气、锅炉烟气等低温余热的回收利用,取得明显的节能和经济效益,同时也减少了烟尘、CO2和SO2等大气污染物的排放。1热管式锅炉工作原理及技术特点1.1工作原理热管式锅炉是一种高效率的汽—水换热器,其核心部件     

热管技术在锅炉余热回收中的应用

本文介绍了热管的基本原理,对锅炉烟气余热回收系统进行了设计与实施,对余热理论回收效果进行了分析并与实际效果进行了对比。结果表明:热管换热器在锅炉烟气余热综合回收利用效果好,降低了燃料消耗,具有较好的经济效益与环保效益。     

净烟道自然循环烟气余热回用新技术在锅炉上的应用

通过对锅炉传统烟气余热回用技术在运行中的现状及存在的问题进行分析,采用净烟道自然循环烟气余热回用新技术对锅炉烟气余热进行回收,发现该项新技术的应用成功改善了原有回收技术的缺陷,用时降低了设备故障率,减少了系统的运行能源消耗。净烟道自然循环烟气余热回用技术在余热回收领域发展前景广阔,对企业节能减排和绿色发展能够起到积极的作用。     

天然气锅炉烟气余热回收技术及应用研究

天然气锅炉烟气余热回收能够显著提高锅炉的热效率,节省能源降低排放。对天然气锅炉的烟气进行了分析并对不同烟气排放温度的热效率进行了计算,指出烟气的露点温度会随着过量空气系数的增大而降低;烟气排放温度在60℃以下时热效率增长迅速。对常见的冷凝式和热管式天然气锅炉烟气余热回收技术进行了研究,并分析了其优缺点。     

注汽锅炉在油田中的应用与发展

随着原油开采技术的发展,油田注汽锅炉技术得到了快速发展。通过查阅相关资料,对其现有技术进行了归纳总结。锅炉燃料由单一的燃油转向气体燃料、低热值燃料;锅炉炉型以燃料转变为基础在运行原理、炉型尺寸上实现较大发展;在注汽锅炉原有的结构上添加过热器、烟气余热回收装置、CO2收集器,提高注汽锅炉的节能性与经济性。此外,还通过阐述富氧燃烧技术的工作机理,表明在注汽锅炉上应用这种燃烧技术能够满足当今稠油开采环节的节能需求、高效需求以及经济性需求;针对另一种燃烧技术—蓄热燃烧,经过理论计算得出这种燃烧技术能够在锅炉技术中大力发展。     

1000kg／h医疗垃圾焚烧炉的设计

本文研究了处理量为1000kg/h的医疗垃圾焚烧炉的结构和工艺流程。焚烧炉采用垅型往复推动炉排,整体呈卧式结构,分为供风区、第一燃烧区、第二燃烧区、热能回收区等。为了降低医疗垃圾和危险废物处理过程中的环境污染和焚烧后烟气对环境的污染,在焚烧系统中采用了控制二恶英、SOx、NOx、CO、烟尘、臭气等环保措施。1000kg/h的医疗垃圾焚烧炉的设计热效率60．07％,总有效利用热量968kW,排烟温度194℃。     

Potential of renewable surplus electricity for power-to-gas and geo-methanation in Switzerland

Energy systems are increasingly exposed to variable surplus electricity from renewable sources, particularly photovoltaics. This study estimates the potential to use surplus electricity for power-to-gas with geo-methanation for Switzerland by integrated energy system and power-to-gas modelling. Various CO₂ point sources are assessed concerning exploitable emissions for power-to-gas, which were found to be abundantly available such that 60 TWh surplus electricity could be converted to methane, which is the equivalent of the current annual Swiss natural gas demand. However, the maximum available surplus electricity is only 19 TWh even in a scenario with high photovoltaic expansion. Moreover, making this surplus electricity available for power-to-gas requires an ideal load shifting capacity of up to 10 times the currently installed pumped-hydro capacity. Considering also geological and economic boundary conditions for geo-methanation at run-of-river and municipal waste incinerator sites with nearby CO₂ sources reduces the exploitable surplus electricity from 19 to 2 TWh.     

Optimization of the photovoltaic-hydrogen supply system of a stand-alone remote-telecom application

Hydrogen is considered as the optimal carrier for the surplus energy storage from renewable resources. Although hydrogen and its application in fuel cell is considered as a high-cost energy system, some cost-efficient solutions have been found for their use in stand-alone applications, which usually depend on the variability of renewable sources that have to be oversized in order to reduce their dependence on external energy sources. This paper shows the results from the simulation of several alternatives of introducing hydrogen technologies to increase the independence of a remote-telecom application fed by photovoltaic panels. Hydrogen is obtained by electrolysis and it is used in a fuel cell when the renewable energy source is not enough to maintain the stand-alone application. TRNSYS simulation environment has been used for evaluating the proposed alternatives. The results show that the best configuration option is that considering the use of hydrogen as a way to storage the surplus of radiation and the management system can vary the number of photovoltaic panels assigned to feed the hydrogen generation, the batteries or the telecom application.     

Green hydrogen potentials from surplus hydro energy in Nepal

This paper studies the potentials of green hydrogen production from hydropower energy and its application in electricity regeneration and replacement of petroleum products from the transportation sector in Nepal. The potential surplus hydroelectric energy, and hydrogen production potential from the surplus energy considering different scenarios, is forecasted for the study period (2022–2030). The results showed that hydrogen production potential ranges from 63,072 tons to 3,153,360 tons with the utilization of surplus energy at 20% and 100% respectively, in 2030. The economic analysis of hydrogen from hydropower projects that electricity is valued based on per kg of hydrogen when the surplus electricity is provided at feasible lower price values compared to the US $1.17. This study concludes that hydrogen production from spilled hydro energy and its use in the transportation sector and independent electricity generation is a niche opportunity to lead the country towards sustainable energy solutions and an economy running on hydrogen.     

高频声波炉内除尘技术的应用研究

本文简述炉内除尘的重要意义,介绍高频声波助燃除尘器的构造,应用方法,分析其作用机理。从ＳＨＬ２０型锅炉上作烟法分散度实验说明高频声波炉内除尘对粗细颗粒烟尘均有较好的效果,分析高频声波助燃除尘器出口蒸汽射程是一个至关重要的设计参数,并以ＷＮＬ４型锅炉声波改造为例进行射程计算,研究与实验说明该项技术值得推广应用。     

限制单缸柴油机烟度的试验研究

介绍一种限制单缸柴油机烟度的方法。采用在高压油泵内限制总供油量的方法，使发动机在加速和过载等过程中不致过量供油，既控制了柴油机的排气烟度又能节约燃油。试验是在Ｓ１９５型柴油机上进行的。试验结果表明，该方法限制烟度效果显著，使用简单，有利于在单缸柴油相机上推广。     

Analytical model as a tool for the sizing of a hydrogen production system based on renewable energy: The Mexican Caribbean as a case of study

The main advantage of the hybrid system compared with separate array solar photovoltaic and stand-alone wind turbine is the possibility of the surplus energy storage by transforming it to hydrogen that can be use in fuel cells. However the design and sizing of this kind of technologies need to meet the local microclimate in order to reach higher efficacies. A tool based on an analytical model to sizing, analyze and assess the feasibility of the hybrid wind/photovoltaic/H₂ energy conversion systems using real weather data is presented in this work. The model considers an energy balance analysis and electrical variables of the system components; the tool calculates the subsystems efficacy and proposes the improvements to increase the efficiency of the use in surplus energy produced by the hybrid system. To validate the analytical model, simulation based on wind speed and solar radiation measurements from meteorological monitoring station in a Mexican Caribbean City is discussed.     

列车车厢内火灾烟气运动的数值模拟研究

使用大涡模拟和Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型，以及简单化学快速反应燃烧模型，对列车车厢内火灾现象进行了数值模拟。由于热烟气的弱可压缩性，采用了适合于低马赫数形式的三维非稳态Navier—Stokes方程的近似形式数值研究烟气的输运过程。通过对不同释热率情况下火灾过程的研究，初步探讨了车厢内火灾发展、烟气运动和温度分布规律。采用的研究方法和所得结论对于列车火灾的防护设计和安全管理方面有一定指导意义。     

Theoretical analysis of green hydrogen from hydropower: A case study of the Northwest Columbia River system

Within the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, there is the unique opportunity to explore alternative energy management solutions of the Columbia River's multi-use hydropower system. As with various European hydropower systems that experience large variability in water runoff, but lack adequate reservoir storage capacity, the Columbia River System is a viable source for renewable hydrogen production. This paper studies the theoretical potential of green hydrogen production from excess hydropower energy from the Columbia River System. The potential surplus hydroelectric energy and hydrogen production potential from surplus energy (during March through July months) are estimated from 11 hydroelectric projects along with the Columbia River System. Results show that the system's total monthly average hydrogen production potential ranges from 2.22 × 10⁶ to 8.96 × 10⁶ kg H₂ with the utilization of surplus energy over a historical 80 water year period (1928–2008). This study concludes that hydrogen production from spilled hydropower energy and its use in the transportation sector is a viable opportunity to lead the country towards a hydrogen economy.     

Front Cover

Mini cogeneration schemes using microturbines in Mexico are applicable to all developing countries. Modifications to the law of public service of electric power in Mexico makes it possible for industries to have permission from the Secretary of Energy and/or the Regulatory Energy Commission to develop cogeneration schemes. Generators could give their surplus power and energy to the electric utility. This implies that cogeneration schemes can operate synchronized to the electric utility system. The spirit of development of cogeneration schemes is sustained by the best use of the country's resources. The industries that may develop cogeneration schemes are those that require steam as a part of the industrial process or have exothermic processes such as paper mills, cement plants, sugar mills, petrochemical industries, steel mills, and refineries among others. These mentioned industries are users of electric power, and their demands and consumption are measured in terms of MW and MWh. At the present time, they are beginning to develop cogeneration schemes in Mexico in the area of Altamira and Tamaulipas with power wheeling to Monterrey and Nuevo Leon, as well as in San Juan del Rio, Bueretaro. New developments of combined-cycle plants with steam generation for industrial purposes can achieve efficiencies of the order of 75%, with important reductions in generation costs.