基于CiteSpace的支气管哮喘患儿特异性免疫疗法的文献可视化分析

目的利用CiteSpace软件对支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿特异性免疫疗法(SIT)相关研究进行可视化分析和解读, 分析2002-2022年哮喘患儿SIT的研究热点和前沿发展。方法以中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science(WOS)核心数据库为文献来源, 检索并筛选哮喘患儿SIT相关文献, 检索时间为2002年1月1日至2022年12月31日。应用CiteSpace 6.1.R6软件对哮喘患儿SIT相关文献的发文量、机构和国家、高频关键词、关键词聚类和关键词突现进行可视化分析。结果共纳入CNKI数据库文献394篇, WOS核心数据库文献191篇。CNKI数据库与WOS核心数据库哮喘患儿SIT领域发文量在2002-2022年间总体均呈波动式增长。2005-2006年中文文献篇数呈现快速增长趋势, 2010年中文文献发文量达到最高;2019-2020年英文文献篇数呈现快速增长趋势, 2020年英文文献发文量达到最高。CNKI数据库发文量排名前3位的机构是重庆医科大学附属儿童医院(12篇)、中山市博爱医院(10篇)、上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院(8篇);WOS核心数据库发文量排名...     

丙型病毒性肝炎直接抗病毒药物治疗研究热点可视化分析

目的 了解国内外丙型病毒性肝炎（简称丙肝）直接抗病毒药物（DAAs）治疗相关研究进展、热点、前沿及差异性,为该领域进一步研究提供参考。方法 检索中国知网（CNKI）与Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库收录的以丙肝DAAs治疗为主题的文献,检索时间均限定为2011-01-01至2022-12-31。利用Excel、CiteSpace、VOSviewer和Scimago Graphica软件对相关文献的年发文量、作者、国家和关键词进行分析。结果 纳入CNKI文献420篇,WOS文献1 957篇。国内外年发文量总体呈上升趋势。发文量最高的作者是魏来（10篇）和DORE GJ(35篇),作者合作网络显示国外学者合作集中,国内学者合作相对分散。发文量最高的国家是美国（658篇）。研究热点集中在特殊人群、治疗药物、相关疾病以及治疗失败4个方面。国外研究前沿为丙肝消除、风险因素、注射药物的使用,国内研究前沿为丙肝基因3型、索磷布韦、血液透析、肝纤维化。结论 近十年,丙肝DAAs治疗研究受到重视。特殊人群、DAAs治疗对肝细胞癌的影响、DAAs治疗失败是该领域的研究重点,但在相关研究...     

长QT综合征相关研究的文献计量学分析

目的 分析近16年长QT综合征研究相关领域的研究现状、热点及动态前沿.方法 以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库为数据来源,利用CiteSpace软件对近16年长QT综合征相关研究进行可视化分析,探讨相关研究的国家/机构、期刊、作者及关键词进行文献计量学分析.结果 共检索680篇SCI文献,类型以期刊...     

2017—2023年全球心力衰竭研究热点及趋势分析

目的 利用文献计量学方法分析2017—2023年全球心力衰竭研究热点及趋势。方法 检索Web of Science(WOS)核心合集中关于心力衰竭的文献，限定语种为英语，出版时间限定为2017-01-01至2023-10-31。剔除重复文献后根据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选，提取相关资料，之后采用WOS的分析功能、VOS viewer（版本1.6.18）、CiteSpace（版本V6.2）进行数据处理与可视化分析。结果 共检索到49 056篇文献，最终纳入文献25 318篇。2017—2022年，心力衰竭领域文献年发文量和年被引频次均逐年增多；心力衰竭领域文献总发文量排名前5位的国家分别是美国（8 883篇）、中国（3 915篇）、意大利（2 409篇）、日本（2 268篇）、英国（2 099篇）。总连接强度最强的国家是美国（10 260），其次是英国（6 437）和德国（6 397），中国的总连接强度排名第18(1 999)。2017—2023年，心力衰竭领域文献总发文量排名前3位的机构分别为杜克大学（824篇）、哈佛大学医学院（778篇）、格拉斯哥大学（622篇）；心力衰竭领域文献总...     

基于CiteSpace的2012-2021年强直性脊柱炎研究热点的文献计量与可视化分析

目的通过文献计量学方法对近10年强直性脊柱炎的相关文献进行可视化分析, 探索该领域的研究热点与趋势。方法以Web of Science核心合集数据库为数据来源, 检索2012—2021年收录的有关强直性脊柱炎的相关文献, 运用CiteSpace 5.8.R3软件对关键词进行共现、突现、聚类和时间线分析, 对参考文献进行共被引和突现分析, 并绘制可视化知识图谱。结果共纳入文献8 684篇, 发文量总体呈稳步上升趋势, 10年间发文量增长了近1倍;分析出13篇具有高学术影响力的文献;发病机制、影响因素、流行病学、治疗进展、生存质量等关键词是近年来的热点研究主题。结论本研究通过对强直性脊柱炎研究领域的文献进行可视化分析, 发现司库奇尤单抗和乌司奴单抗是该领域未来的研究热点和趋势。     

基于CiteSpace对迷走神经与房颤关系研究的可视化分析

目的探究迷走神经与房颤关系相关研究领域的研究热点和研究趋势。方法以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库为数据来源进行检索,通过CiteSpace V进行作者、机构、国家、期刊、共被引文献、关键词分析,并绘制相关可视化图谱。结果共检索到374篇文献,年度发文量总体呈上升趋势,发表文章较多的作者是JIANG H和SCHERLAG BJ所在的团队,最高产的国家是美国,机构是武汉大学,刊文量最高的期刊是HEART RHYTHM,主要的研究热点是房颤的射频消融、迷走神经、机制、心衰、房室结、心率及神经系统,研究的前沿是星状神经节及迷走神经耳支及电针刺激治疗房颤的研究。结论应用可视化分析软件对迷走神经与房颤关系的相关文献进行文献计量分析,展示了该领域的研究现状及发展进程,揭示研究的前沿领域,为进一步深入研究提供参考。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和心房颤动相关研究的文献可视化分析

目的 应用CiteSpace可视化软件对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）和心房颤动（AF相关研究进行文献可视化分析,探索该领域研究现状、研究热点及前沿趋势。方法 以Web of Science(WOS)核心合集数据库为材料来源,运用CiteSpace可视化软件对OSAS和AF相关研究领域的发文趋势、学科分布、作者分布、国家和机构分布、期刊分布、文献共被引和关键词进行计量学分析,并绘制相关可视化图谱。结果 本研究共纳入724篇SCI文章。发文量和引文量呈现逐年递增趋势,发文量最高的作者为Prashanthan Sanders,引文量最高的作者为Gami AS;研究半数以上与心血管系统密切相关;最高产国家是美国,最高产机构是梅奥诊所;载文量最多的期刊是American Journal of Cardiology,被引频次最高的期刊是Circulation;研究热点集中在OSAS合并AF的治疗方法、电生理及病理生理学机制、管理模式制订以及与脑卒中的关联性;研究的前沿趋势包括AF的复律治疗、交感神经去神经支配术、持续气道正压通气的随机对照研究和危险因素管理。结论 本研究应用CiteSpac...     

基于CiteSpace对近六年阵发性房颤相关文献的可视化分析

目的 探讨阵发性房颤（PAF）可视化分析,寻找PAF相关研究热点和发展趋势。 方法 以Web of Science（WOS）核心合集收录2014～2020年PAF相关文献作为数据基础,应用CiteSpace软件进行作者、国家、机构、关键词共现分析,并绘制相关可视化图谱。 结果 检索共获得1 679篇文献,年均发文量239余篇。高产国家为美国、日本、德国,其中美国在该领域占据主导优势。最高产的机构为日本东京医科大学、Askepios Klin St Georg、上海交通大学等。发文量最高的作者KARLHEUINZ KUCK,具有重要的影响力。高频关键词为atrial fibrillation（房颤）、catheter ablation（导管消融）、pulmonary vein isolation （肺静脉隔离）、paroxysmal atrial fibrillation（阵发性房颤）等。预测发展趋势可能集中于PAF确诊率的提高、最佳治疗策略、患者治疗前后的并发症及后期生活质量等方面。 结论 本研究应用CiteSpace进行PAF计量分析,进一步揭示了PAF热点与趋势,为PAF相关选题提供参考内容,有助于相关课题设计发展方向的选择。     

基于CiteSpace的老年认知障碍研究现状

目的通过对老年认知障碍的相关研究进行科学图谱分析探讨当下研究现状。方法检索2014～2018年Web of Science核心合集数据库中收录的老年认知障碍相关文献,借用CiteSpace软件对文献共被引、关键词、国家、发展趋势进行可视化分析。结果共纳入1 202篇文献,发文量呈上升趋势,美国居于研究的核心地位,精神和行为症状是认知障碍的研究热点。结论轻度认知障碍是未来研究的主体,在借鉴西方国家成功的经验基础上开展多学科协作,早期对认知障碍进行干预,避免或延缓老年痴呆的发生,改善家庭和社会的负担。     

基于文献计量学的2016年至2021年全球乙型肝炎研究热点和趋势分析

目的对全球2016年至2021年乙型肝炎研究热点和趋势进行分析。方法检索2016年1月1日至2021年11月22日Web of Science核心合集数据库中收录的乙型肝炎相关文献。利用InCites平台和VOSviewer 1.6.8可视化分析工具总结文献发表情况、高被引论文、全球核心研究国家/地区, 并进行主题聚类, 结合相关文献的具体内容进行阐述, 分析研究热点。结果截至2021年11月22日, 共检索到12 299篇文献, 2016年至2021年全球乙型肝炎相关研究文献发表数量分别为2 045篇、1 996篇、2 039篇、2 118篇、2 186篇和1 915篇。中国内地(大陆)是发文量最多的国家/地区(4 422篇, 35.95%), 篇均被引频次为7.46, 美国发文量排在第2位(1 949篇, 15.85%), 篇均被引频次为13.78。关键词主题聚类后得到的主要研究方向为:乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染及HBV与丙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒等的重叠感染、原发性肝细胞癌、抗病毒治疗与乙型肝炎治愈、HBV病毒学、HBV与宿主免疫、HBV...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.