KNN基无铅压电陶瓷材料制备的研究进展

碱金属铌酸盐系的(K,Na)NbO_3(KNN)因其具有高压电常数(d_(33)),高机电耦合系数,高品质因数及高居里温度(T_C)而成为无铅压电材料研究的热点。为了探索高性能KNN无铅压电陶瓷材料制备及应用,该文综述了其相关制备工艺、性能特点,重点阐述了KNN系无铅压电材料的掺杂、烧结、极化及其对性能的影响,指出了KNN无铅压电陶瓷的掺杂改性及工艺优化研究是其有效的研究方向。     

铋基无铅压电敏感材料的性能调控研究进展

基于无铅压电陶瓷的高性能器件的应用日益广泛。铋基材料具有一定的综合性能,尤其在高温压电领域,是一种有潜力替代锆钛酸铅(PZT)基材料的候选体系。文章综述了与如何调控无铅压电材料性能这一关键问题相关的国内外研究进展,对调节相界、掺杂、调控制备工艺和畴工程等多方面进行了阐述,并尝试分析了无铅压电体系在实用化道路上存在的亟待解决的问题。     

有机-无机压电材料TMCM-MnCl3的研究

有机-无机压电材料是一种分子铁电体，具有柔性、结构灵活、易成膜、全液相合成及环保节能等优点，可满足新一代薄膜器件及可穿戴设备的需求。该文以三甲基卤代甲基铵(TMXM, X=F, Cl, Br)为有机部分，MnCl₂为无机部分，通过溶液蒸发法制备了具有钙钛矿分子结构的有机-无机压电材料三甲基氯三氯化锰(TMCM-MnCl₃)，并对其分子结构组成、压电、热学、声学及铁电性进行表征。结果表明，TMCM-MnCl₃的压电常数为106 pC/N，居里温度为130 ℃，声阻抗值约为16.5 MRayl，低于压电陶瓷PZT-4(大于33 MRayl)，具有广阔的应用前景。     

碲镉汞红外探测器性能调控技术研究

对影响Hg_1-xCd_xTe红外探测器性能的不同调控技术——包括材料调控(组分及温度、掺杂浓度、压强及应力等对材料性能的调控)、器件结构调控(n-on-p、p-on-n、p-i-n、n-B-n等器件结构的调控)和工艺调控(各种工艺调控对材料制备和器件制备等的影响)等——进行了简单介绍,以合理调控器件性能、有效降低器件暗电流、提高器件工作温度等,从而促进Hg_1-xCd_xTe红外探测器在降低成本、减小功耗、提高可靠性等方面的发展。     

高温无铅压电材料研究进展

随着航空航天、石油化工等领域的快速发展以及可持续发展战略的实施,高温无铅压电材料的作用愈发重要。该文总结了具有高居里温度点无铅压电材料的研究进展,主要包括钙钛矿型的BiFeO₃基和BiAlO₃基陶瓷、铋层状陶瓷、钙钛矿层状结构陶瓷以及铌酸锂、硅酸镓镧和硼酸氧钙稀土等压电单晶。最后总结了目前高温无铅压电材料中存在的问题,并提出其发展方向。     

基于Al0.8Sc0.2N压电薄膜MEMS声波器件的研制

该文介绍了一种由5×5个半径为200 μm圆形阵列组成,应用于水听器的高性能压电微机电系统(MEMS)声波器件,尺寸为3 mm×3 mm。采用钪掺杂(质量分数为20%)增强了AlN薄膜的压电系数,并通过双电极结构配置及优化结构尺寸来增强声压作用下的电信号输出,以实现压电MEMS声波器件具有更好的接收灵敏度。声波器件在空气中的接收灵敏度为-166.8 dB(Ref.1 V/μPa),比相同结构基于AlN薄膜的声波器件约高2.6 dB。在50 Hz~3 kHz带宽范围内,器件灵敏度曲线变化小于1.5 dB,具有平坦的声学响应。结果表明,基于Al_0.8Sc_0.2N薄膜的压电MEMS声波器件具有更高的接收灵敏度,经水密封装制成的水听器可应用于管道泄漏探测及海洋噪声监测等工程中。     

压电换能器在精密工程中的应用

介绍了压电陶瓷器件在航天、航空、精密机械制造、主动控制等高新技术领域中的最新应用。在分析各种控制原理的同时，指出了对压电器件的不同特性要求。     

高居里温度压电材料研究进展

目前在能源工业、航空航天、汽车等领域,对可在高温环境中稳定可靠工作的压电器件需求迫切。高居里温度压电材料是是高温压电器件核心敏感元件,对高温压电材料研究也越来越受重视。该文对具有高居里温度压电材料的结构和性能特点做出简要分析,并概述高温压电材料的研究进展,总结了今后的发展方向和热点问题。     

宽温域压电超声换能器研究进展

作为重要的无损检测器件,压电超声换能器已广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域。随着现代工业技术特别是航空航天、核电能源和智能制造等工业技术的发展,各类工矿环境对压电换能器的性能提出了更高的要求,迫切期望压电换能器能在宽温域范围内稳定地监测设备的运转状况,提前预警,避免重要设备的结构性损坏。宽温域响应的压电超声换能器是目前压电器件技术领域的前沿性研究内容,该文重点介绍了能够工作在宽温域范围内的压电超声换能器及其结构,阐述了压电超声换能器在无损探伤方面的独特优势。     

关于无铅压电陶瓷及其应用的几个问题

综合分析无铅压电陶瓷在压电陶瓷材料中的地位,指出要想让无铅压电陶瓷完全取代铅基压电陶瓷在现阶段是不可能的,但对大量的压电中端应用和低端应用,无铅压电陶瓷材料与器件大有用武之地;给出了目前无铅压电陶瓷研究的主要体系,包括BaTiO3基无铅压电陶瓷、Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3(BNT)基无铅压电陶瓷和铌酸盐系无铅压电陶瓷;分析了当前无铅压电陶瓷研究开发应注意的问题,并对今后研究开发的相关方向,如提高机电耦合系数(k)、压电常数(d)和机械品质因数(Qm)等,提出了一些建议。     

Flexible Piezoelectric Nanocomposite Generators Based on Formamidinium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have recently attracted much attention in the field of optoelectronic devices. Here, a hybrid piezoelectric nanogenerator based on a composite of piezoelectric formamidinium lead halide perovskite (FAPbBr₃) nanoparticles and polydimethylsiloxane polymer is fabricated. Piezoresponse force spectroscopy measurements reveal that the FAPbBr₃ nanoparticles contain well‐developed ferroelectric properties with high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃) of 25 pmV⁻¹. The flexible device exhibits high performance with a maximum recordable piezoelectric output voltage of 8.5 V and current density of 3.8 μA cm⁻² under periodically vertical compression and release operations. The alternating energy generated from nanogenerators can be used to charge a capacitor and light up a red light‐emitting diode through a bridge rectifier. This result innovatively expands the feasibility of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite materials for application in a wide variety of high‐performance energy harvesting devices.     

压电薄膜特性参数的测量方法

随着电子元器件向微型、高灵敏、集成等方向发展,薄膜材料及器件在微机电(MEMS)系统中得到广泛应用,而测量压电薄膜特性参数的方法与体材料相比有很大的不同.介绍了当前测量压电薄膜特性参数的两大类方法:直接测量法(包括气腔压力法、悬臂梁法、激光干涉法和激光多普勒振动法)和间接测量法(传统阻抗分析法),详细分析了这些方法的基本原理、测试表征、应用状况及存在的问题,比较了这些方法的优缺点,并对未来压电薄膜特性参数的测试表征作了展望.     

Boosting Piezoelectricity by 3D Printing PVDF-MoS2 Composite as a Conformal and High-Sensitivity Piezoelectric Sensor

Additively manufactured flexible and high-performance piezoelectric devices are highly desirable for sensing and energy harvesting of 3D conformal structures. Herein, the study reports a significantly enhanced piezoelectricity in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) achieved through the in situ dipole alignment of PVDF within PVDF-2D molybdenum disulfide (2D MoS₂) composite by 3D printing. The shear stress-induced dipole poling of PVDF and 2D MoS₂ alignment are harnessed during 3D printing to boost piezoelectricity without requiring a post-poling process. The results show a remarkable, more than the eight-fold increment in the piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) for 3D printed PVDF-8wt.% MoS₂ composite over cast neat PVDF. The underlying mechanism of piezoelectric property enhancement is attributed to the increased volume fraction of β phase in PVDF, filler fraction, heterogeneous strain distribution around PVDF-MoS₂ interfaces, and strain transfer to the nanofillers as confirmed by microstructural analysis and finite element simulation. These results provide a promising route to design and fabricate high-performance 3D piezoelectric devices via 3D printing for next-generation sensors and mechanical–electronic conformal devices.     

压电式触觉反馈执行器发展综述

该文介绍了压电式触觉反馈执行器的基本原理及开展研究的理论基础。根据触觉反馈执行模块的表面结构和压电材料对压电式触觉反馈执行器进行了分类,并介绍了其特点及国内外相关研究成果。根据两种分类方式对压电式触觉反馈设备进行了交叉比较,分析了各类压电触觉设备的应用范围,并以此为基础阐述了压电触觉未来的发展趋势及研究方向。     

Oriented Strontium Carbonate Nanocrystals within Collagen Films for Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors

Bone, assembled by mineralized collagen fibrils, displays piezoelectric properties under external stimulation to affect tissue growth. The mineralized collagen fibrils consist of collagen and oriented inorganic nanocrystals. Inspired from the unique structures and piezoelectric effect of mineralized collagen fibrils, the intrafibrillar mineralization of oriented strontium carbonate nanocrystals is achieved in vitro, which also exhibits good piezoelectric properties. The amorphous strontium carbonate precursors penetrate from the gap zones and fill gradually into the whole space within the collagen fibrils, and transform into a co-oriented crystalline phase. Isolated mineralized collagen fibrils with organized SrCO₃ nanocrystals acquire good flexible properties and inverse piezoelectric responses with an effective piezoelectric coefficient of 3.45 pm V⁻¹, much higher than individual collagen (1.12 pm V⁻¹) and SrCO₃ crystals (0.092 pm V⁻¹). These results may indicate that the organic and inorganic components synergistically contribute to the piezoelectric effect of bone. Furthermore, devices of flexible piezoelectric thin films assembled by SrCO₃ mineralized collagen fibrils exhibit a regular open-circuit voltage of 1.2 V under compressive stress and a stable cycling short-circuit current of 80 nA under a bending mode. It can also facilitate the development of promising piezoelectric sensors.     

基于兰姆波压电谐振器的高频低相噪MEMS振荡器仿真研究

发达的现代通信设备对时钟源器件提出了更高的要求,在保障频率信号稳定的同时还需要器件具备可集成、微型化等特点,微机电系统(MEMS)振荡器因其具备这些优势,已逐渐替代传统振荡器,成为电子设备中信号源的常用元器件。该文设计了一种MEMS振荡器并对其进行仿真测试,该振荡器的核心选频器件由Lamb波压电谐振器组成,在应用于振荡电路前,对设计的MEMS谐振器进行了仿真测试,并提出两种优化其寄生模态的方法,所得谐振器的品质因数(Q)为1 357.5,串联谐振频率为70.384 MHz。将优化后谐振器应用于振荡电路后,对振荡器输出信号和相位噪声进行测试,结果表明,MEMS振荡器的输出载波频率为70.58 MHz,相位噪声为-64.299 dBc/Hz@1 Hz及-144.209 dBc/Hz@10 kHz。     

压电致动器双向电源研究

提出并研究了一种压电致动器电源，它可以实现对压电致动器的从负电压到正电压的双向电压作用，且作用电压可以很高并可不间断连续作用。该电源具有易于实现压电致动器输出自动控制和输出范围大的特点，适宜逆压电效应为基本原理的压电器件在以静态位移输出为主要目的的场合应用。文中论述和分析了这种电源的工作原理和电路实现方法，推导出理论计算公式，并给出了实验结论与应用情况。     

Domain Engineering of Lead‐Free Li‐Modified (K,Na)NbO3 Polycrystals with Highly Enhanced Piezoelectricity

Aging and re‐poling induced enhancement of piezoelectricity are found in (K,Na)NbO₃ (KNN)‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics. For a compositionally optimized Li‐doped composition, its piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ can be increased up to 324 pC N^?1 even from a considerably high value (190 pC N^?1) by means of a re‐poling treatment after room‐temperature aging. Such a high d₃₃ value is only reachable in KNN ceramics with complicated modifications using Ta and Sb dopants. High‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals apparent changes in the crystallographic orientations related to a 90° domain switching before and after the aging and re‐poling process. A possible mechanism considering both defect migration and rotation of spontaneous polarization explains the experimental results. The present study provides a general approach towards piezoelectric response enhancement in KNN‐based piezoelectric ceramics.     

Giant Piezoelectric Coefficients in Relaxor Piezoelectric Ceramic PNN‐PZT for Vibration Energy Harvesting

It is well known that the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) based ceramics is far inferior to that of ferroelectric single crystals due to ceramics' polycrystalline nature. Herein, it is reported that piezoelectric stress coefficient e₃₃ = 39.24 C m^?2 (induced electric displacement under applied strain) in the relaxor piezoelectric ceramic 0.55Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.135PbZrO₃–0.315PbTiO₃ (PNN‐PZT) prepared by the solid state reaction method exhibits the highest value among various reported ferroelectric ceramic and single crystal materials. In addition, its piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃* = 1753 pm V^?1 is also comparable with that of the commercial Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃‐PbTiO₃ (PMN‐PT) piezoelectric single crystal. The PNN‐PZT ceramic is then assembled into a cymbal energy harvester. Notably, its maximum output current at the acceleration of 3.5 g is 2.5 mA_pp, which is four times of the PMN‐PT single crystal due to the large piezoelectric e₃₃ constants; while the maximum output power is 14.0 mW, which is almost the same as the PMN‐PT single crystal harvester. The theoretical analysis on force‐induced power output is also presented, which indicates PNN‐PZT ceramic has great potential for energy device application.