BRISOL钠同位素放射性核束的产生

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器（BRISOL）采用100 MeV、200 μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。为开展²⁰Na核的奇异衰变特性研究,研制了氧化镁靶,并采用100 MeV质子束轰击氧化镁靶在线产生了^20～26Na⁺的钠同位素放射性核束。当质子束流强为8 μA时,²⁰Na⁺离子束的最大产额为2×10⁵ s^-1,²¹Na⁺离子束的最大产额为4×10⁸ s^-1。完成了北京放射性核束装置首个放射性核束物理实验,累计供束近200 h。     

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器的研制

北京放射性核束装置在线同位素分离器（BRISOL）采用100 MeV、200 μA回旋加速器提供的质子束打靶产生中、短寿命放射性核束,进行在线分析后供物理用户使用,其质量分辨率好于20 000。BRISOL装置现已建成,并开展了氧化镁、氧化钙靶的在线实验,在线产生了³⁷K⁺、³⁸K⁺、²⁰Na⁺、²¹Na⁺等多种放射性核束。本文详细介绍该装置的研制及运行情况。     

气溶胶中F和Na分析的外束质子诱发γ射线激发曲线测量

在大气颗粒物离子束分析中,质子诱发γ射线分析（PIGE）作为质子诱发X荧光发射（PIXE）的补充方法,通常用于分析轻元素。为得到外束PIGE定量分析气溶胶样品中F和Na元素的最佳实验条件,本工作在北京师范大学串列加速器上测定了质子能量在1.8～2.9 MeV范围内,核反应¹⁹F(p,p’γ)¹⁹F（E_γ=110 keV和197 keV）和 ²³Na(p,p’γ)²³Na(E_γ=440 keV)的γ射线激发函数。     

基于HI-13串列加速器的核天体物理研究

中国原子能科学研究院核天体物理研究组在HI-13串列加速器核物理国家实验室建成了我国首条低能放射性次级束流线，产生了从⁶He到²²Na等11种放射性核束，利用这些放射性束流通过测量逆运动学转移反应开展了一系列核天体物理重要反应的研究，另外还通过厚靶实验方法和电荷交换反应开展了天体物理相关重要核结构信息的研究。在串列加速器Q3D磁谱仪上，利用稳定束测量了许多单核子转移和α基团转移的角分布，基于渐进归一化系数(Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient,ANC)或谱因子方法得到了一系列天体物理关键反应的天体物理S因子和反应率，为元素丰度、天体模型等相关研究提供了重要实验依据。     

13N次级束的产生

在北京串列加速器次级束流线上通过²H(¹²C,¹³N)n反应产生了可用于核天体物理研究的¹³N次级束。经磁刚度选择以及速度选择，准直后的次级束纯度达91%，能量为(70.2±0.7)MeV，强度约为10s^-1•pnA^－1，可用来进行逆几何转移反应的实验测量。     

GIC4117串列加速器外束PIXE/PIGE分析系统

本文介绍在北京师范大学GIC4117串列加速器上建立的外束PIXE/PIGE分析系统,和基于此系统的薄样品外束PIXE/PIGE定量分析方法。给出了2010年Teflon滤膜采集的361个气溶胶样品外束PIXE分析得到的各元素平均探测限和最低探测限,并同真空PIXE分析探测限进行了比较。利用标准样品给出了激发曲线不同坪区薄样品外束PIGE分析F和Na的探测限,通过测定¹⁹F(p, p′γ)¹⁹F激发的197 keV γ射线得到的F的探测限可达73.9 ng•cm^-2,Na的探测限可达198.9 ng•cm^-2。     

正电子致电离截面实验中束流强度的在线测量

本文采用HPGe探测器实时收集了正电子碰撞厚Ti靶伴随产生的湮灭光子,并结合HPGe探测器对放置在碰撞点处²²Na标准源产生的511 keV湮灭光子的探测效率刻度值,得到了8~9.5 keV正电子引起Ti原子内壳层电离截面实验中正电子束流强度的实时测量结果。结果表明,在实验测量的38 h内,基于²²Na标准源慢正电子束流装置产生的正电子束流强度不稳定,随时间的变化有着不同程度的衰减,且存在小幅度波动现象。因此,低能正电子致原子内壳层电离截面实验中应采用在线法获取慢正电子束流强度。     

氘-氘聚变反应高能γ射线产额的实验研究

本文对低能D(d,γ)⁴He聚变反应进行了实验研究。由于D(d,γ)⁴He聚变反应γ射线的产额低、能量高、本底大,实验采用大NaI-塑料闪烁体反康谱仪,以提高探测效率并降低宇宙线的影响;采用脉冲束飞行时间方法区分中子和γ射线,以减小中子和宇宙线本底的影响。实验测量了300 keV d束轰击厚D靶和薄D靶两种情况下的γ数据。在计算反应产生23.8 MeV的高能γ峰面积时,采用了拟合法扣除本底。实验测得,对厚靶,D(d,γ)⁴He反应截面为2.47×10^-37m²;对薄靶,D(d,γ)⁴He反应截面为4.36×10^-37m²。     

乳腺影像学专用PET探测器模块设计

为进一步提升乳腺影像学专用PET系统的空间位置分辨率,基于LYSO晶体与位置灵敏光电倍增管耦合,设计了一种专用LYSO-PET探测器模块。探测模块由12×12根1.5 mm×1.5 mm×10 mm LYSO晶体条阵列与PS-PMT耦合组成,通过PXI 8501采集系统,获取入射粒子的2D泛场图像、能量信息及位置信息。该探测模块平均位置分辨率可达0.22 mm(本征)和0.55 mm(²²Na探测条件下);平均能量分辨率为22.4%(²²Na探测条件下)。双探头PET系统FOV中心²²Na点源轴向空间分辨率可达1.13 mm。探测器模块已基本满足位置分辨率要求,为实现亚毫米乳腺影像学专用PET系统提供了硬件支持。     

兰州大学的中子发生器研制及应用展望

1988年兰州大学成功研制了3×10¹² s^-1的ZF-300强流中子发生器,主要用于核数据测量、材料辐照损伤等研究。为进一步开展活化法中子核数据测量、裂变物理等研究,兰州大学启动了基于倍压加速器的ZF-400强流中子发生器研制工程,该中子发生器的设计指标为D束流能量400 keV、D束流强度大于30 mA、D-D中子产额大于5×10¹⁰ s^-1,D-T中子产额大于5×10¹² s^-1。在裂变物理研究方面,已成功发展了描述裂变核断点裂变势的势驱动模型(potential-driving model),并开展了中子诱发典型锕系核素裂变发射中子前裂变产物的质量分布计算研究;将potential-driving model植入Geant4程序,发展了用于裂变发射中子后裂变产物质量分布、动能分布、裂变中子能谱等模拟的蒙特卡罗方法,并开展了可靠性评估研究;研制了一套用于裂变产物实验测量的双屏栅电离室(TFGIC),并完成了初步实验测试。在中子应用技术方面,为满足小型...     

Proton decay measurement with RIPS for astrophysical interest

The decay property of ²⁰Na was studied using a ²⁰Mg beam to obtain a better understanding of the onset mechanism of the rapid proton process. The delayed protons were successfully measured, which correspond to one of the known 1⁺ states. There is no clear beta decay to the first excited 1⁺ state above the proton threshold in ²⁰Na, suggesting that this state would not be the s-wave resonance as was expected before. The present result is preliminary; the final result will be published elsewhere.     

A fragment separator at LBL for the beta-NMR experiment

The Beam 44 fragment separator was built at the Bevalac of LBL for NMR studies of beta emitting nuclei. ³⁷K, ³⁹Ca, and ⁴³Ti fragments originating from ⁴⁰Ca and ⁴⁶Ti primary beams were separated by the separator for NMR studies on these nuclei. Nuclear spin polarization was created in ³⁹ and ⁴³Ti using the tilted foil technique (TFT), and the magnetic moment of ⁴³Ti was deduced. Fragment polarization was measured for ³⁷K and ³⁹Ca emitted to finite deflection angles. The beam 44 fragment separator in combination with a proper polarization technique, such as TFT or fragment polarization, has been very effective for such NMR studies.     

The cross section for the K(n,p)Ar reaction between 14.2 and 17.2 MeV

Activation techniques have been used to measure the cross section for the ⁴¹K(n,p)⁴¹Ar reaction between 14.2 and 17.2 MeV. Neutrons were produced by the ³H(d,n)⁴He reaction, and the mixed-power method was used to measure the neutron flux through the ²⁷Al(n,)²⁴Na reaction. The activated samples were counted for the 1294 keV, 1.827 h γ-activity of ⁴¹Ar and the 1369 keV, 15.03 h γ-activity of ²⁴Na using a 16% Ge(Li) detector and a 4096-channel analyzer. The cross sections for the ⁴¹K(n,p)⁴¹Ar reaction using the mixed-power method were found to be 53 ± 3 mbarn at 14.2 ± 0.2 MeV, 47 ± 3 mbarn at 15.2 ± 0.2 MeV, 41 ± 3 mbarn at 16.2 ± 0.2 MeV and 36 ± 4 mbarn at 17.2 ± 0.2 MeV. The associated-particle method was also used for measuring the neutron flux in order to check the mixed-powder result at 14.2 MeV. The average cross section for three associated-particle runs at 14.2 MeV was found to be 50 ± 3 mbarn which, within experimental error, agrees with the mixed-powder value.     

Scintillation properties of RbGd2Br7:Ce.Advantages and limitations

The scintillation properties of RbGd₂Br₇ crystals, doped with Ce³⁺ concentrations of 0.02, 0.11, 0.88, 2.05, 4.1, and 9.8%, are studied under X-ray and γ-quanta excitations. For the RbGd₂Br₇ sample doped with 9.8% Ce, the authors measured a light yield of 56000±6000 photons per MeV of absorbed γ-ray energy with a main decay time of 43±1 ns, using a Hamamatsu R1791 photomultiplier (PMT), a ¹³⁷Cs radioactive source, and a shaping time of 10 μs. A time resolution of 790±10 ps was measured for the RbGd₂Br₇:9.8% Ce compound, using BaF₂ as second scintillator, two XP2020Q PMTs, a ²²Na source, and an energy threshold set at E⩾511 keV. With the R1791 PMT, an energy resolution of 4.1% (FWHM over peak position) for the 662-keV full absorption peak has been observed for two crystals of 7×4×2 mm³ and 15×5×1 mm³ with 4.1 and 9.8% Ce content, respectively. Moreover, the nonproportional responses of three RbGd₂Br₇:Ce compounds with different concentrations (0.11, 2.05, and 9.8%) were studied revealing an almost-constant light output response from 17.4 keV to 1 MeV. These properties are compared to three other well-known scintillators: NaI:Tl, CsI:Tl, and Lu₂SiO₅:Ce     

High-energy-density electron beam generation in ultra intense laser-plasma interaction

By using a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation,we demonstrate a scheme for highenergy-density electron beam generation by irradiating an ultra intense laser pulse onto an aluminum(Al) target.With the laser having a peak intensity of 4?×?1023W cm~(-2),a high quality electron beam with a maximum density of 117 ncand a kinetic energy density up to8.79?×?1018J m~(-3) is generated.The temperature of the electron beam can be 416 Me V,and the beam divergence is only 7.25°.As the laser peak intensity increases(e.g.,1024 W cm~(-2)),both the beam energy density(3.56?×?1019J m~(-3)) and the temperature(545 Me V) are increased,and the beam collimation is well controlled.The maximum density of the electron beam can even reach 180 nc.Such beams should have potential applications in the areas of antiparticle generation,laboratory astrophysics,etc.     

基于EJ299-33A探测器的核材料时间关联测量系统的时间分辨

n-γ的时间关联测量可提取核材料的质量、增殖因数,其中时间分辨是表征关联精度的1个重要指标。本文基于数字化数据获取与处理方法,对具有n-γ甄别能力的塑料闪烁体EJ299-33A探测器组成的核材料时间关联测量系统的时间分辨进行研究,采用⁶⁰Co与²²Na γ源进行了对比测量,分析了源对本征时间分辨的影响,进一步通过离线的条件加载反演,给出时间分辨的等效电子能量阈值依赖关系。通过对²⁵²Cf自发裂变时间关联谱的测量和解耦,讨论了时间分辨对不同符合事件的影响。结果表明：系统时间分辨随阈值增加而减少,在阈值为230 keVee时采用⁶⁰Co测量的结果约为560 ps,可满足核材料快时间符合测量的精度要求,而在相同条件下,由于正电子湮没位置的不确定性和延迟符合的影响,²²Na源测量的时间分辨展宽至816 ps;裂变事件时间关联测量中n-n符合受时间分辨的相对影响小于γ-γ符合。     

γ射线闪烁体探测器响应函数模型研究

建立了一种可用于γ射线能谱分析的CsI(Tl)闪烁体探测器响应函数(DRF)模型,并对0.05~1.5 MeVγ射线能谱进行了拟合。描述γ射线能谱特征的每个函数均是基于对射线作用机制的分析,采用权重最小二乘法实现了22 Na、60 Co、137 Cs、238Pu实验能谱的拟合,并同时得到了函数中与射线能量相关的非线性参数。最后利用该DRF模型对CsI(Tl)探测器测量152 Eu源的γ射线能谱进行了拟合,结果表明,此DRF模型可较好地应用于γ射线能谱的分析。