镀锌板生产面对的技术难题

1前言 根据2003年2月13日，欧盟颁布的《废旧电子电器设备（WEEE）指令》（2002／96／EC）[1]和《关于在电子电器设备中限制使用某些有害物质（ROHS）指令》（2002／95／EC）[2]，规定从2005年8月13起实施WEEE的生产者责任，从2006年7月1日起新进入欧盟市场电子电器不得含有超过标准要求的铅、汞、镉、六价铬、聚溴二苯醚（PBDE）和聚溴联苯（PBB）六种有害物质。WEEE、ROHS指令形成欧盟市场新的贸易技术壁垒，无疑对电子电器产品提出了更高的环保要求，且将直接影响我国电器设备进入欧盟市场。明显地为提高汽车和家电产品的质量，对钢板尤其镀锌板的性能及成分的要求越来越高。为了提高企业的竞争力，平衡由于欧盟指令的实施对企业或经济带来的影响，我们必须挑战形势，加强研发已成为国内钢铁企业的当务之急。     

RoHS指令有害物在特钢产品中的状态分析

介绍RoHS(电气、电子设备中限制使用的某些有害物质)指令有害物主要特性和对人体健康的危害,通过选择常用特钢产品加工样本,利用直读光谱仪、X荧光光谱仪等检测设备以及高温加热设备,用理论和实际数据分析了特钢产品在冶炼加工后镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、六价铬(Cr~(6+))、多溴联苯(PBB)、多溴联苯醚(PBDE)和铅(Pb)的含量在标准规定的有效范围内。     

特殊钢的环境负荷物质分析

1前言 近几年，化学物质对地球环境的污染倍受关注，正不断地推进工业产品的循环再利用，加大了在材料中使用环境负荷物质的限制。在欧洲于2000年9月就制定了汽车报废指令ELV（End—of—Life Vehicle，以下称为ELV指令），该指令原则规定从2003年7月起销售的汽车禁止使用4种重金属物质（铅、汞、镉、六价铬）。2003年2月对电子产品又制定了WEEE指令（Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive：废电气、电子产品指令）和Rolls指令（Restriction of the use of certain hazardous electronic equipment Directive：限制在电子产品中使用特定有害物质的指令），RoHS指令规定在2006年7月以后，电子产品中原则上不允许含有铅、汞、镉、六价铬、溴苯基（PBB）、醚溴基苯（PBDE）。同样在日本国内也开展了对环境负荷物质的彻底管理，要求生产汽车、电子产品的厂家和相关企业要在零部件、材料交货时明确标明不含环境负荷物质。     

符合RoHS指令的无铅易切削黄铜合金型材

符合RoHS指令的无铅易切削黄铜合金型材,是一种性能优于铅黄铜且符合RoHS指令的黄铜合金型材。解决了现有铅黄铜合金材料存在的铅对环境和人的生命健康的不利影响,提供一种具有冷热加工性能好、力学性能优良、易切削、成本低且符合RoHS指令的无铅易切削黄铜合金型材,符合市场的需求。     

宏观政策

环境保护部发布铅业生产两项环保标准为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》,保护环境,提高企业清洁生产水平,环境保护部11月13日发布《清洁生产标准粗铅冶炼业》等两项国家环境保护标准的公告。两项标准是《清洁生产标准粗铅冶炼业》、《清洁生产标准铅电解业》。自2010年2月1日起实施。(环境保护部)     

三溴偶氮胂与铅显色反应的研究及应用

本文研究了铅与三溴偶氮胂的显色反应,在0.3mol/L的H_3PO_4介质中铅与三溴偶氮胂可生成紫红色的络合物,其最大吸收波长为620nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.2×10~4,铅在0～12.5μg/25ml符合比尔定律,已拟出直接光度法测定铜铅合金和粗铜中铅的分析方法。     

欧洲联盟（Eu）公布C（2005）3143号文件

2005年8月l8日欧洲联盟公布了C（2005）3143 2005／618／EC号文件，文件中重新对2003年1月27日公布实施的2002／95／EC做了重要修改，原2002／95／EC规定不锈钢和许多其他电气设备材料不得含有铅、汞、镉、六价铬、聚溴联苯（PBB）和聚溴联苯醚（PBDE）。     

二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺与铅显色反应的研究及其应用

研究了新试剂二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺对铅的高灵敏度、高选择性的光度测定方法。在酸性介质中,铅与二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺形成络合比为１：２的蓝色络合物,最大吸收波长为６４２ｎｍ,摩尔吸光系数为８．２８×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１）。已应用于铜合金中微量铅的光度测定,不需分离,方法简便,快速、准确。     

国际电池业铅需求趋增

国际电池业铅需求趋增英国《金属导报》报导，根据国际铅锌研究小组的最新调查报告显示，目前西方世界铅酸电池业铅消费量占铅总需求量的６６．２％，而且预计铅酸电池消费量将仍趋增长。报告指出，在西方世界，美国用于铅酸电池的铅消费量占美国铅总需求的比率高达８２．...     

二溴对甲基偶氮磺光度法测定铝合金中微量铅

研究了新显色剂二溴对甲基偶氮磺与铅的反应,建立了直接测定铝合金中微量铅的光度分析方法。在0.6mol/L硝酸介质中,铅与二溴对甲基偶氮磺形成1∶2蓝色络合物,最大吸收波长630nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.05×104。在25mL溶液中,铅含量在0～50μg符合比尔定律。用于铝合金标样中铅的测定,相对标准偏差RSD为1.85%～4.02%,结果与标准值吻合。本法可用于铝合金中微量铅的直接测定。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)