低温多效蒸发海水淡化装置的计算分析

建立了多效蒸发海水淡化装置计算模型,对串流、并流和并叉流三种不同工艺流程下的低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统进行了计算和分析。计算结果显示,对于给定的多效蒸发海水淡化装置,提高加热蒸汽温度,可大大提高装置的淡化水量,同时对加热蒸汽的需求量也增大,但造水比随加热蒸汽温度的升高呈减小趋势;就三种工艺流程而言,并叉流具有较好的热利用率。     

低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统的变工况性能分析

建立了低温多效蒸发系统在变工况运行条件下的数学模型,分析了加热蒸汽温度、加热蒸汽流量和供入海水流量对系统的蒸发产物负荷率和单位蒸发产物热耗率的影响,探讨了各效蒸发器中海水的温度和浓度的变化与装置结垢问题的关系。结果表明,在控制结垢发生的前提下,即盐水浓缩比不超过2.5、顶值盐水温度低于75℃时,降低供入海水流量、增加加热蒸汽流量和提高加热蒸汽温度有利于系统运行。     

降膜蒸发低温多效太阳能海水淡化系统实验研究

基于横管与竖管降膜蒸发与降膜凝结的强化传热传质机理,设计建造了一台具有四效回热性能的小型低温多效式太阳能海水淡化系统,用电加热水箱模拟太阳集热系统,对该系统进行了模拟实验。实验中,对系统的瞬态和稳态性能进行了测试,给出了系统在不同运行温度、压力下的产水速率和性能系数。实验结果表明,由于在本系统中采用了横管、竖管降膜蒸发及降膜凝结技术,使其中大部分的蒸汽潜热及部分盐水的显热得到了多次重复利用,提高了系统的性能系数。在供热水温度为75℃、系统内部压力为10kPa左右时,装置的性能系数可达到3.0左右。对影响产水率的其他因素也作了探索与分析,给出了合理的取值范围。     

横管降膜低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统的优化设计

随着横管降膜蒸发技术在低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统中的应用和推广,低温多效蒸发海水淡化技术以其传热系数高、热耗量小、要求供热的温位低等优点成为未来第二代海水淡化技术的主流技术.本文开展了横管降膜低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统的优化设计,比较了不同流程下低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统的热力特性,串并结合流程以其传热面积小、设备制造成本低...     

顺流流程多效蒸馏海水淡化系统的热力学分析

建立了顺流进料流程低温多效蒸馏海水淡化系统的热力过程数学模型;考虑了过程中物性变化和压力损失引起的传热温差变化,计算分析了在相同淡水产量下,蒸发器效数、末效蒸发器蒸发温度、加热蒸汽温度和浓缩比变化时,造水比、冷凝器海水流量、蒸发器总传热面积的变化规律.结果表明:蒸发器效数对系统性能有显著影响;末效蒸发器蒸发温度和加热蒸汽温度对蒸发器总传热面积影响较大;浓缩比在一定范围内,系统热力性能最优.     

热电联产低温多效蒸馏海水淡化系统的节能分析

本文对比分析了热电联产海水淡化系统造水比Ｐｔ和单位当量电耗率ＥＥＣＲ,研究了分析了热电联产低温多效蒸馏（ＬＴ－ＭＥＤ）海水淡化系统利用蒸汽喷射器的节能效果。     

吸收式热泵多效蒸发海水淡化热力性能研究

提出了两级吸收式热泵多效蒸发海水淡化工艺流程,并建立了系统的数学模型。计算分析了溴化锂溶液浓度和加热蒸汽温度对系统的造水比、生产单位淡水所需传热面积和吸收式热泵的热力系数的影响。研究结果表明,系统的造水比和吸收式热泵的热力系数随加热蒸汽温度和LiBr浓溶液浓度的降低而增大,生产单位质量淡水所需传热面积随加热蒸汽温度的降低而急剧增加;通过调整溴化锂溶液的浓度,能够实现对不同品质热源的利用;该系统不仅能够保证淡水不被溴化锂污染,而且其造水比明显优于喷射泵多效蒸发系统和多效蒸发系统。     

低温多效海水淡化工程材料的选用

通过对众和海水淡化工程有限公司参与设计并制造的三台低温多效海水淡化设备的研究,介绍了低温多效海水淡化工程用材料的选取,探讨了常用在低温多效海水淡化工程上的一些材料及其性能。在此基础上提出了对低温多效海水淡化工程材料选取的一些建议。     

正渗透海水淡化联合多效蒸发制盐系统的研究

正渗透海水淡化作为一种新的膜分离技术以其能源消耗低、产水率高等优点被广泛关注,相较于传统的制盐方式周期长,产量低,效率差等问题制约着企业的发展,正渗透海水淡化技术获得淡水的同时,可以从浓盐水中提取出工业用化工用品,从而给企业带来巨大的经济收益。本文介绍海水淡化结合制盐系统的工艺流程。     

多效鼓泡蒸发太阳能海水淡化系统的稳态实验研究

基于鼓泡蒸发和空气载湿气液相平衡机理,设计并实现了一台具有五级四效性能的鼓泡蒸发式太阳能海水淡化系统,对该系统的稳态产水性能进行研究,给出系统在特定的运行温度和压力环境中,不同鼓气量下各效的产水率、耗电当量及经济性能系数。实验结果表明,系统采用多效鼓泡蒸发技术并对各级采取鼓气量的优化组合措施,可提高系统的产水率。当各级载气流量分别为570、570、570、450L/h时的,装置的淡水产率为1.668L/h,GOR值为2.77,折算单位产量能耗4.93kWh/t,该点为装置的经济性能系数最高的工况点。     

LiBr吸收式空调与海水淡化联合运行装置工艺流程的研究

将LiBr吸收式空调排放出的废热应用于多效蒸馏法 (MED)海水淡化工艺流程是海水淡化领域一个全新的设计概念。本文对这种联合运行的热力循环进行了描述和论证 ,并用一算例证明此工艺流程在技术上是可行的。该装置利用LiBr冷水机组排出的废热加热预处理后的海水。本文给出算例中的理论计算值可供设计做参考     

真空管集热的太阳能低温多效海水淡化系统变负荷性能研究

建立了真空管集热的太阳能低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统的数学模型,利用MATLAB对其进行了求解。从造水量和耗能量两方面分析了定负荷和变负荷系统的性能。分析结果表明:定负荷时的年造水量稍大于变负荷时的年造水量;定负荷时,在1、2、6、11、12月份需要电辅子系统加热,耗电量大,在其他月份需要冷却子系统排走太阳能供热系统提供的多余热量,增加了单位造水总能耗。变负荷时系统造水量在40%~110%范围内变化,与定负荷系统相比耗电少,对热能利用较充分。     

Thermoeconomic analysis of a low-temperature multi-effect thermal desalination system coupled with an absorption heat pump

This study presents a thermal and economic performance analysis of a LT-MEE (low-temperature multi-effect evaporation) water desalination system coupled with an LiBr-H₂O ABHP (absorption heat pump). A 60-78% water production increase over a stand-alone LT-MEE run at the same heat source conditions can be obtained owing to the coupling. A detailed thermodynamic sensitivity analysis of the ABHP-MEE is performed. Although ABHP is usually considered to be more efficient than an EHP (ejector heat pump), we also compare the thermal performance of the ABHP-MEE with an integrated EHP-MEE system. The results show that the ABHP has a more favorable thermal performance than the EHP only in certain parameters ranges. The reasons and these parameters ranges are discussed. The economic analysis of the ABHP-MEE shows that the capital cost of the ABHP accounts for a very small part of the water cost, and when designing an ABHP for an existing MEE unit, the parameters selection of an ABHP for lower water cost is consistent with that for better thermal performance. The unit steam cost is an important factor in determining whether the ABHP-MEE or the EHP-MEE is economically favorable, with the influence discussed. Also, a recommended general procedure for economic comparison between ABHP-MEE and EHP-MEE is outlined.     

Thermoeconomic optimization of a hybrid pressurized water reactor (PWR) power plant coupled to a multi effect distillation desalination system with thermo-vapor compressor (MED-TVC)

Thermoeconomic optimization of a typical 1000 MW Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) nuclear power plant coupled to a Multi Effect Distillation (MED) desalination system with thermo-vapor compressor (TVC) is performed. A thermodynamic modeling based on the energy and exergy analysis is performed while economic modeling is developed based on the Total Revenue Requirement (TRR) method. The objective function based on the thermoeconomic analysis is obtained. The proposed cogeneration plant, for simultaneous production of power and fresh water, including sixteen decision variables is proposed for thermoeconomic optimization in which the goal is minimizing the cost of system product (including the cost of generated electricity and fresh water). The optimization process is performed using a stochastic/deterministic optimization approach namely as Genetic Algorithm. It is found that thermoeconomic optimization aims at reduction of sub-components total costs by reducing either the cost of inefficiency or the cost of owning the components, whichever is dominant. For some components such as evaporators, the improvement is obtained by reducing the owning cost of the sub-system at the cost of reduction of the thermodynamic efficiency. For components like as TVC + de-superheater, improvement is achieved by increasing the thermodynamic efficiency or decreasing the inefficiency cost.     

基于多效蒸发技术的油田污水淡化系统及分析

针对油田污水污染物成分复杂、污染性强不适合膜法脱盐的特点,提出用多效蒸发(multiple-effect evaporation,MEE)技术对油田污水进行集中脱盐处理的技术方案.建立了基于MEE的油田污水集中脱盐系统的工艺流程设计计算模型,系统分析了蒸汽加热温度、油田污水温度、浓缩液含盐质量分数及系统效数的影响.结果...     

Proposal and analysis of a dual-purpose system integrating a chemically recuperated gas turbine cycle with thermal seawater desalination

A novel cogeneration system is proposed for power generation and seawater desalination. It combines the CRGT (chemically recuperated gas turbine) with the MED-TVC (multi-effect thermal vapor compression desalination) system. The CRGT contains a MSR (methane-steam reformer). The produced syngas includes plenty of steam and hydrogen, so the working medium flow increases and NO_x emissions can achieve 1 ppm low. However, the water consumption is large, ∼23 t/d water per MW power output. To solve this problem and produce water for sale, MED-TVC is introduced, driven by exhaust heat. Such a dual-purpose plant was analyzed to investigate its performance and parameter selection, and compared with four conventional cogeneration systems with the same methane input. Some main results are following: In the base case of the CRGT with a TIT of 1308 °C and a compression ratio of 15, the MED-TVC with 9 effects, the specific work output, performance ratio and CRGT-consumed water ratio are 491.5 kJ/kg, 11.3 and 18.2%, respectively. Compared with the backpressure ST (steam turbine)/CC (combined cycle) plus MED/MSF (multistage flash), the CRGT + MED has better thermal performance, lower product cost and shorter payback period, which indicates the CRGT + MED dual-purpose system is a feasible and attractive choice for power and water cogeneration.     

Theoretical calculation simulation studies of ABV nuclear reactor coupled with desalination system

In this paper, research has been conducted on the floating type nuclear power plant named as ABV reactor which is designed for district heating, power, and sea water desalination by OKBM facility at Russia. This reactor was tested under different thermal loads during the designing phase, and three modules have been investigated. Theoretical calculations and simulation studies have been performed on these three modules having specifications as ABV‐6M with 47MW_th, ABV‐6 with 38MW_th, and ABV‐3 with 18MW_th.The results obtained from these modules have been calculated mathematically and verified by simulation. We have compared the originally derived data of ABV desalination system with our theoretical and simulation analysis. The results from two desalination techniques including RO and RO + MED have been calculated and are presented in this paper with details. The results obtained from both analysis show that the efficiency of ABV nuclear reactor desalination system increases with the decrease in corresponding water cost ratio. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.