用于高含蜡原油的双聚合物降凝剂的研制

通过在有机溶剂中进行的引发聚合 ,由摩尔比 2∶3∶3的马来酸酐、丙烯酸十八酯、醋酸乙烯酯合成了共聚物降凝剂A ,由摩尔比 1∶2∶3的苯乙烯、马来酸酐、丙烯酸十八酯合成了共聚物降凝剂B。A和B均为质量分数 30 %的溶液。简介了合成方法。A +B组合实验和组合物加量实验结果表明 ,对于密度 86 8.9kg m3、含蜡量 2 6 .6 %的辽河曙光原油 ,质量比 3∶1的A +B的降凝降粘效果最好 ,加入量为 0 .5 %时原油凝点由 2 9℃降至 2 1℃ ,80℃、15 0s- 1下的粘度由 2 0 0 0mPa·s降至 95 0mPa·s,降粘率达 5 2 .5 % ;对于密度 886 .7kg m3、含蜡量 18.9%的吉林新民渣油(原油减压蒸馏釜底残液 ) ,质量比 1∶2的A +B的降凝降粘效果最好 ,加入量为 0 .4 %时渣油凝点由 13℃降至 1.0℃ ,80℃、15 0s- 1 下的粘度由 95 0mPa·s降至 2 6 0mPa·s,降粘率达 72 .6 %。降凝剂A +B加量增大时 ,原油和渣油的凝点、粘度均降低。表 3参 8。     

共聚型原油流动改进剂AMSA的合成与评价

针对中原原油中高含蜡量的特点，以丙烯酸十八酯(ODA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)、苯乙烯(St)和丙烯腈(AN)4种单体为原料，采用自由基溶液聚合反应合成了原油流动改进剂AMSA。最佳合成条件：n(ODA)：n(MA)：n(St)：n(AN)=16：1：1：3，引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)，用量1．2％(质量分数)；聚合温度85℃；聚合时间7h。在中原原油中加入质量分数为0．1％的AMSA可以使原油的凝固点降低14℃，25℃粘度下降92．9％，屈服值下降96．4％。     

马来酸酐型高蜡柴油降凝剂的合成

在聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯-苯乙烯-马来酸酐三元聚合反应的基础上,引入醋酸乙烯酯单体,合成了一种马来酸酐型复合降凝剂.考察了原料配比和反应时间对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:n(丙烯酸十六酯/丙烯酸十二酯)∶n(马来酸酐)∶n(苯乙烯)∶n(醋酸乙烯酯)=6∶1∶1∶1,n(丙烯酸十六酯)∶n(丙烯酸十二酯)=3∶2,引发剂质量为反应物总质量的0.8％,甲苯质量约为反应物总质量的40％,总反应时间为10 h.在最佳条件下合成的降凝剂可使高蜡柴油的冷滤点降低4℃.     

醇解型柴油降凝剂的合成及其应用

合成了丙烯酸酯（AAE）、马来酸酐（MA）和醋酸乙烯酯（EA）三元共聚物的醇解型柴油降凝剂，考察了该降凝剂的降凝助滤效果及最佳反应条件，初步讨论了其降凝机理。以0．6％（质量分数，以下同）的对苯二酚为阻聚剂，1．5％的对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，n（十六醇）；n（丙烯酸）=1．0；1．6，合成AAE；以甲苯为溶剂，1．2％的过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂。n（MA）：n（EA）：n（AAE）=1：4：4，恒温85℃，聚合7 h，得三元共聚物；／以1．5％的对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，用碳数16的脂肪醇醇解三元共聚物，得到醇解型降凝剂。结果表明，当降凝剂添加量为500 μg／g时，可使抚顺石油一厂、二厂、三厂5^#柴油的凝点分别降低16、19、18℃，冷滤点分别降低5、7、6℃。     

聚丙烯酸二十二酯的合成及其降凝降粘作用

用直接酯化法合成了丙烯酸二十二酯单体（BA），研究了单体聚合条件如溶剂，引发剂种类，引发剂和单体质量分数等对聚丙烯酸二十二酯（PBA）相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布的影响，考察了该聚合物对原油的降凝降粘作用。结果表明，具有长支链烷基的梳状PBA能有效地改善新疆克－乌线混合原油及大庆原油的低温流动性能。在适当的聚合条件下得到的PBA使新疆克乌线混合原油（稠油与稀油体积比为70：30）15℃时的粘度降低74．1％，使大庆原油的凝点降低21℃，20℃时的粘度降低79．8％。     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸含膦共聚物的合成及阻垢性能

以水为溶剂,马来酸酐（MA）、丙烯酸（AA）为单体,过硫酸盐-次磷酸盐氧化还原体系为引发剂,合成马来酸酐-丙烯酸含膦共聚物阻垢剂。研究了聚合条件对共聚物阻垢性能的影响,确定最佳聚合条件为：马来酸酐与丙烯酸摩尔比1：3,次磷酸盐用量为单体总质量的20％,引发剂用量为单体总质量的10％,反应温度90℃,反应时间4h。在此反应条件下合成的聚合物对CaCO3和CaSO4有较好的阻垢性能。     

钛酸四丁酯催化合成丁酸异戊酯

以正丁酸和异戊醇为原料，钛酸四丁酯为催化剂合成了丁酸异戊酯。探讨了影响反应的各种主要因素，得出了较优的反应条件：丁酸用量0．35mol，n（醇）：n（酸）=1．2：1．0，钛酸四丁酯用13g，反应温度115—130℃，反应3h，在此条件下酯化率可达99．3％。     

用环境友好催化剂催化合成氯乙酸酯的研究

报道了以TiSiW12O40/TiO2为催化剂，对以乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、戊醇和氯乙酸为原料合成氯乙酸系列酯的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明，TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成氯乙酸系列酯的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：n(醇）：n(酸）为1．4：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，反应时间2h。上述条件下，氯乙酸乙酯的收率为49．84％，氯乙酸丙酯的收率为69．98％，氯乙酸丁酯的收率为92．78％，氯乙酸异戊酯的收率为93．33％。     

甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯—马来酸酐共聚物的合成及其降凝性能

合成了用作降凝剂的甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯－马来酸酐共聚物,确定最佳合成条件为：甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯与马来酸酐的摩尔比2：1、引发剂加入量0．05％、反应温度80℃,反应时间8h。此条件下合成的产品加入量为400mg/L时,可使江汉原油凝固点从28℃降至14℃。     

含氟疏水缔合压裂液稠化剂的合成及性能研究

为提高疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺的性能, 以 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-十七氟癸烷丙烯酸酯 （HFA） 为疏水单体, 以丙烯酰胺 （AM）、 丙烯酸 （AA） 为水溶性单体, 采用胶束聚合法合成了含氟疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺 （FAPAM）。用红外光谱仪对产物结构进行了表征, 研究了 AA和 HFA加量对 FAPAM表观黏度和相对分子质量的影响, 考察了 FAPAM的耐温性、 抗剪切性、 抗盐性及交联性。研究结果表明, FAPAM为 AM、 AA、 HFA的三元共聚物; AA和 HFA加量分别为单体总质量的 30%数 40%和 0.5%时, 合成的 FAPAM的表观黏度 （3376.7 mPa·s） 最大。FAPAM的耐温性较好, 在 110℃下放置 1 h后的表观黏度大于 100 mPa· s; FAPAM的抗剪切性较好, 在 300 r/min下剪切 48 h的表观黏度大于 500 mPa·s; 在 Na⁺或 Ca²⁺质量浓度为 0.5 g/L时, FAPAM的表观黏度大于 50 mPa·s, 抗盐性好于 PAM（HFA加量为 0）; 在 30℃下, FAPAM可与有机铬快速交联。FAPAM的耐温性、 抗盐性和耐剪切性均优于 PAM,可以作为压裂液稠化剂使用。图 6表 3参 15     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.