白背三七水提取物对2型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用及其机制

目的 研究白背三七水提取物对2型糖尿病模型大鼠的降血糖作用及其机制。方法 以白背三七水提取物ig 2型糖尿病模型大鼠，观察白背三七水提取物对血糖、血脂和血胰岛素水平及其他相关实验指标的影响。结果 白背三七水提取物可显著降低2型糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖，改善其脂代谢和高胰岛素血症，增加抗氧化酶活性，减轻脂质过氧化，保护血管内皮功能，促进胰岛β细胞的修复。结论 白背三七对实验性2型糖尿病有较明显的治疗作用，其机制可能与增强机体清除活性氧的能力、减轻氧自由基对胰岛β细胞的损伤、促进胰岛β细胞的修复等作用有关。     

参芪降糖颗粒对实验性糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞、C肽及血浆胰岛素释放的影响

目的: 观察参芪降糖颗粒对实验性糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞、C肽及血浆胰岛素释放的影响,并初步探求其降糖机制. 方法: 用链脲霉素(streptozotocin, STZ)制作糖尿病大鼠模型,观察参芪降糖颗粒对上述模型动物胰岛β细胞、C肽及血浆胰岛素释放的作用. 同时观察参芪降糖颗粒对实验性糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞超微结构的影响. 结果: 参芪降糖颗粒大剂量(2.0 g*kg-1)对STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平有明显降低作用. 并能同时升高C肽含量,增加糖尿病大鼠的胰岛素的水平;参芪降糖颗粒对实验性糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞有明显保护作用. 结论: 参芪降糖颗粒对STZ引起的动物高血糖有较好的治疗作用,其作用机制可能与修复、改善受损的胰岛细胞功能,促进胰岛素分泌有关.     

烟酸铬对实验性糖尿病小鼠胰岛的影响

[目的 ]研究烟酸铬对实验性糖尿病小鼠胰岛及B细胞形态结构的影响 .[方法 ]采用辣根过氧化物酶 光谱分析法 .[结果 ]实验组动物胰岛内空虚部分明显缩小 ,B细胞及其颗粒增多 ,界限较清楚 .[结论 ]烟酸铬对实验性糖尿病小鼠受损胰岛及B细胞形态结构具有明显的改善作用 .     

海南蒲桃种子促进实验性糖尿病胰岛细胞再生的研究（英文）

目的：研究海南蒲桃（Syzygium cumini）种子提取物SC2对链脲霉素诱导的实验性糖尿病小鼠胰岛细胞再生的作用。方法：瑞士小鼠腹膜内注射链脲霉素诱导实验性糖尿病。治疗组给予口服海南蒲桃种子提取物SC2（2g/L）共21d,期间有规律地测量小鼠血糖和体质量。第20天进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验。实验结束后处死小鼠并分离组织。测量肝组织内葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性、肝糖元和肌糖元含量、血浆胰岛素及血浆C肽水平。结果：经SC2治疗的实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖水平恢复正常,肝组织内葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性升高,肝糖元和肌糖元含量升高,血浆胰岛素和C肽水平升高。组织学结果显示,SC2治疗组出现新生胰岛细胞,提示SC2具有促进胰岛细胞生成的作用。这些新生胰岛细胞可以在实验性糖尿病小鼠体内产生胰岛素。结论：本研究结果证明了海南蒲桃种子提取物SC2在胰岛再生和胰岛素分泌中的作用。这种作用结合其他的治疗策略可能在将来为临床控制糖尿病提供一个更理想的途径。     

翻白草对实验性糖尿病大鼠治疗作用的研究

目的:观察翻白草对实验性糖尿病大鼠治疗作用.方法:给动物灌胃给药,用四氧嘧啶制备实验性糖尿病大鼠模型.应用免疫组织化学方法观察胰岛B细胞形态学改变,比色分析法检测血糖、胆固醇及甘油三酯的含量.结果:翻白草对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病大鼠的胰岛B细胞有明显的修复作用并可以降低血糖、胆固醇及甘油三酯的含量.结论:翻白草对实验性糖尿病大鼠具有治疗作用.     

鬼箭羽对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞形态学的影响

目的研究鬼箭羽对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞形态学的影响。方法应用高脂饲料加STZ造成2型糖尿病模型后,将大鼠随机分成模型组、鬼箭羽组、优降糖组3组,并设立空白对照组,模型组与空白对照组给予生理盐水,其余两组分别予以鬼箭羽、优降糖灌胃,干预4周后,尾静脉采血检测空腹血糖,对胰腺组织切片进行HE染色、免疫组化检测,观察大鼠胰岛β细胞变化。结果鬼箭羽组大鼠空腹血糖明显低于模型组,其差异有统计学意义(P0.01);免疫组化检测显示,鬼箭羽组大鼠胰岛β细胞阳性程度较高,各项指标与模型组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论鬼箭羽在能降低血糖的同时,对胰岛β细胞具有一定的保护作用。     

梅连消渴胶囊联合二甲双胍对糖尿病大鼠胰岛细胞及血糖水平的影响

目的观察中药复方梅连消渴胶囊联合二甲双胍对实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖水平及胰岛细胞的保护作用。方法以高脂高
糖联合链脲佐菌素（STZ）复制大鼠Ⅱ型糖尿病模型,分别以低剂量二甲双胍和梅连消渴胶囊及二者联合用药灌胃给药4周,测
定实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖水平;以HE染色观察胰岛病理改变;以醛复红染色计算胰岛β细胞数量。结果大鼠分别给予低剂量
二甲双胍及梅连消渴胶囊2、4周后,空腹血糖水平及葡萄糖耐量无显著变化;二者联合给药2、4周后,大鼠血糖水平、糖化血红
蛋白水平显著降低,葡萄糖耐量显著改善。同时,胰岛β细胞数量增加,胰岛组织病理改变减轻。结论梅连消渴胶囊与二甲双
胍联合用药后,糖尿病大鼠血糖水平显著降低,对损伤的胰岛细胞有保护和修复作用。
     

微囊化胰岛移植与胰岛素注射对实验性糖尿病大鼠血液流变学的影响

采用微囊化胰岛异种移植治疗实验性糖尿病大鼠,同时观察与常规胰岛素皮下注射在存活率、降血糖、血流变、肝脏超微结构的变化等方面的影响。结果表明,移植组在移植术后７０ｄ 时全部存活,胰岛素治疗组８ 只存活,移植术后１００ｄ 时测得血糖（６．５１±１．０８）ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ,与胰岛素注射组（２１．２９±２．４５）ｍ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ相比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。血流变指标改变如全血高切粘度、低切粘度、细胞聚集指数、高切还原和低切还原粘度等移植组均比胰岛素组降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。移植组肝脏超微结构病理改变显著轻于胰岛素治疗组。表明微囊化胰岛移植治疗实验性糖尿病有效,并能降低血流变指标和减缓肝脏的损害,对改善微循环和预防糖尿病并发症有重要作用     

降糖三黄片对2型糖尿病大鼠胰腺β细胞BIP基因表达的影响

目的：观察降糖三黄片对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞BIP基因表达的影响,探讨其干预内质网应激介导的β细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法：40只4周龄Wistar大鼠被随机分为正常组和2型糖尿病组。高脂＋蛋氨酸饲料喂养30只低周龄Wistar大鼠1个月,建立胰岛素抵抗模型,结合小剂量STZ腹腔注射,建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为2型糖尿病模型组和降糖三黄片组,降糖三黄片组予以灌胃中成药降糖三黄片治疗2个月,测定血清胰岛素、血脂、血糖,进行治疗前后比较;免疫组化方法测定各组大鼠胰岛β细胞BIP基因的表达。结果 ：降糖三黄片可明显改善2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂代谢紊乱,改善胰岛素抵抗,明显上调内质网应激特征性分子BIP基因的表达。结论：降糖三黄片通过上调2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛β细胞BIP基因的表达,维持胰岛β细胞内环境的稳定,保护胰岛β细胞,减少内质网应激介导的胰岛β细胞凋亡。     

糖心乐对实验性糖尿病性心肌病大鼠心肌超微结构的影响

目的观察糖心乐(TXL)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)实验性糖尿病性心肌病大鼠血糖、心肌超微结构的影响。方法SD大鼠腹腔注射STZ建立糖尿病模型,成模后分组,造模后八周分别给予TXL大、中、小剂量、达美康灌胃治疗,模型对照组灌生理盐水。结果TXL中剂量组和达美康组血糖明显降低,心肌电镜超微结构异常明显减轻。结论TXL对高血糖大鼠有一定的降血糖作用,对DCMP大鼠心肌超微结构也有保护作用。     

石榴皮提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

目的探讨石榴皮乙醇提取物浸膏对糖尿病大鼠的降糖、调脂效果。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(10只)和实验组(42只)。对照组仅用普通饲料喂养,实验组高糖高脂饲料喂养4w,给予链脲佐菌素(STZ)45mg/kg,腹腔注射,建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。72h后空腹血糖≥11.1mmol/L确定为糖尿病模型。成模大鼠随机分为罗格列酮组和石榴皮乙醇提取物低、中、高剂量组,干预4w后观察提取物对大鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响。结果模型组大鼠血糖升高,从生化指标方面证实造模成功。石榴皮乙醇提取物中、高剂量组能有效地降低糖尿病模型动物血清中胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,高剂量组还能有效降低糖尿病模型动物血糖水平。结论通过高糖高脂喂养联合腹腔注射STZ成功复制出了2型糖尿病大鼠模型;石榴皮乙醇提取物对糖尿病大鼠具有较好的降糖、降脂效果。     

Effects of triterpenic acid from Prunella vulgaris L. on glycemia and pancreas in rat model of streptozotozin diabetes

Background The effects of triterpenic acid from Prunella vulgaris L.(TAP) on diabetes and its mechanism are uncertain.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TAP on antihyperglycemic,an...     

五味子不同溶剂提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

目的：研究五味子经不同溶剂所得提取物对糖尿病小鼠血糖及糖尿病症状的影响。方法：将五味子分别经水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯及石油醚提取,得到4种不同溶剂提取物。给小鼠腹部注射四氧嘧啶200mg/kg,制备糖尿病模型。分别给四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠灌服五味子不同溶剂提取物0.5g/kg。测定小鼠血糖和血清胰岛素水平,观察小鼠体重、摄食量和饮水量及一般情况,光镜观察糖尿病小鼠胰腺组织形态和免疫组化观察β细胞情况。结果：五味子醇提取物和水提取物可明显提高糖尿病小鼠血清胰岛素水平、降低血糖,改善糖尿病症状;两组小鼠胰岛分泌细胞形态结构明显改善,分泌细胞数目增多,免疫组化显示β细胞阳性表达数也明显增多;醇提取物效果好于水提取物,但无统计学意义。酯提取物和醚提取物对糖尿病小鼠降低血糖效果不明显。结论：五味子不同溶剂所得提取物中醇提取物和水提取物具有明显改善糖尿病小鼠血糖的作用,五味子可能是通过减轻和修复β细胞损伤、提高胰岛素含量从而降低血糖。     

Elevation of serum pancreatic amylase and distortion of pancreatic cyto-architecture in type 1 diabetes mellitus rats treated with Ocimum gratissimum

Background:

Diabetes mellitus has been shown to cause severe impairment in exocrine pancreatic function and cyto-architecture. Ocimum grattissimum has been reported to lower blood glucose levels in experimental diabetic animals. This study, therefore, aims to investigate if treatment with O. grattissimum can alleviate these pancreatic complications of diabetes mellitus. The phytoconstituents and median lethal dose of the plant extract were determined.

Materials and Methods:

Eighteen rats were divided into three groups of six rats each. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. Group 1 was the control and were given normal feed only; Group 2 was of diabetic untreated rats, while Group 3 was O. grattissimum-treated diabetic rats at a dose of 1,500 mg/kg. After 28 days, blood was collected by cardiac puncture of the anaesthetised animals and the serum was obtained for analysis of serum pancreatic amylase. Permanent preparations using routine biopsy method were employed for histological preparations.

Results:

Results showed that the level of pancreatic serum amylase in the test groups (diabetic and diabetic-treated) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group, while the diabetic-treated group was significantly lower than the diabetic group. Atrophic acinar tissue without β-cells was noted in the diabetic and diabetic-treated groups. Patchy areas of necrosis, oedematous interstitium, haemorrhagic and necrotic acinar cells were present in diabetic-treated groups.

Conclusion:

Direct association exists between the hyperglycaemic state caused by diabetes mellitus and the elevation of the serum pancreatic amylase and distortion of pancreatic cyto-achitecture. O. grattissimum-treatment reduced serum pancreatic amylase level to near normal and limit the extent of structural damage.     

Cytoprotective Effect of Silymarin against Diabetes-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Diabetic Rats

Objective The beneficial effects of silymarin have been extensively studied in the context of inflammation and cancer treatment, yet much less is known about its therapeutic effect on diabetes. The present study was aimed to investigate the cytoprotective activity of silymarin against diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Methods Rats were randomly divided into: control group, untreated diabetes group and diabetes group treated with silymarin (120 mg/kg·d) for 10 d. Rats were sacrificed, and the cardiac muscle specimens and blood samples were collected. The immunoreactivity of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in the cardiomyocytes was measured. Total proteins, glucose, insulin, creatinine, AST, ALT, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were estimated.
Results Unlike the treated diabetes group, cardiomyocyte apoptosis increased in the untreated rats, as evidenced by enhanced caspase-3 and declined Bcl-2 activities. The levels of glucose, creatinine, AST, ALT, cholesterol, and triglycerides declined in the treated rats. The declined levels of insulin were enhanced again after treatment of diabetic rats with silymarin, reflecting a restoration of the pancreaticβ-cells activity.
Conclusion The findings of this study are of great importance, which confirmed for the first time that treatment of diabetic subjects with silymarin may protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis and promote survival-restoration of the pancreaticβ-cells.     

Glucose control of glucagon secretion—‘There’s a brand-new gimmick every year’

Glucagon from the pancreatic α-cells is a major blood glucose-regulating hormone whose most important role is to prevent hypoglycaemia that can be life-threatening due to the brain’s strong dependence on glucose as energy source. Lack of blood glucose-lowering insulin after malfunction or autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells is the recognized cause of diabetes, but recent evidence indicates that diabetic hyperglycaemia would not develop unless lack of insulin was accompanied by hypersecretion of glucagon. Glucagon release has therefore become an increasingly important target in diabetes management. Despite decades of research, an understanding of how glucagon secretion is regulated remains elusive, and fundamentally different mechanisms continue to be proposed. The autonomous nervous system is an important determinant of glucagon release, but it is clear that secretion is also directly regulated within the pancreatic islets. The present review focuses on pancreatic islet mechanisms involved in glucose regulation of glucagon release. It will be argued that α-cell-intrinsic processes are most important for regulation of glucagon release during recovery from hypoglycaemia and that paracrine inhibition by somatostatin from the δ-cells shapes pulsatile glucagon release in hyperglycaemia. The electrically coupled β-cells ultimately determine islet hormone pulsatility by releasing synchronizing factors that affect the α- and δ-cells.     

STZ致大鼠Ⅰ型糖尿病模型稳定性探讨

目的探讨链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导大鼠Ⅰ型糖尿病模型的稳定性。方法将51只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(15只)和实验组(36只),实验组按60mg/kg一次性腹腔内注射STZ,对照组注射等量的缓冲液;在注射后的第7、14、28、42、56和84d检测空腹血糖,并行腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验(IPGTT);在第84d同时取胰腺制作树脂切片,光镜下定性观察胰岛。结果实验组模型成功率为53%;成模大鼠血糖始终在高血糖水平上波动,未见转复,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05);并出现糖尿病表现,胰岛数量明显减少,形态不规则,胰岛内细胞数量减少等。实验组血糖未达成模标准的大鼠(10只)中,8只IPGTT异常,其中3只分别在第14、28和第42d血糖达成模标准;2只IPGTT各天血糖均正常。未成模大鼠有的胰岛似对照组胰岛的形态结构,有的胰岛似成模大鼠胰岛的形态结构。结论 STZ诱导大鼠Ⅰ型糖尿病模型的稳定性良好;开始未达成模标准的大鼠大部分糖耐量已减退,其中的小部分以后可达成模标准。     

大鼠胰腺导管上皮细胞体外诱导的研究

目的:观察大鼠胰腺导管上皮经四步法诱导分化为胰岛样细胞团后移植治疗糖尿病的效果?方法:采用Ⅴ型胶原酶胆管内灌注消化法,经Ficoll不连续密度梯度离心后分别获得导管上皮细胞和新鲜胰岛?导管上皮细胞经原代培养及传代后取2~6代细胞开始进行四步18天的诱导,分化为胰岛样细胞团,行免疫荧光鉴定?将链脲佐菌素造模成功的18只SD大鼠采用完全随机法均分成3组,空白对照组?新鲜胰岛组?胰岛样细胞团组进行左肾包膜下移植?分别给予RMPI1640?新鲜胰岛和胰岛样细胞团,移植后隔日固定时间监测血糖?结果:经免疫荧光鉴定,分离纯化的胰腺导管细胞具有干细胞特性,诱导后的胰岛样细胞团胰岛素?胰高血糖素染色均为阳性?移植后空白对照组血糖维持在高血糖范围?新鲜胰岛组移植后血糖逐步下降至正常水平,并在2周之内基本稳定在正常范围内但略有上升?胰岛样细胞团组移植后前2天血糖不降反升,之后有所下降但始终未能降至正常范围,然后又逐渐上升?结论:胰腺导管上皮细胞经该方案诱导后分化为胰岛样细胞团,使糖尿病大鼠血糖有一定程度的下降,但下降幅度及维持时间不能令人满意,可能与移植量不够及诱导的胰岛样细胞团功能不良有关?     

Hypoglycaemic effect of Berberis vulgaris L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective

To achieve a primary pharmacological screening contained in the aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) and to examine the hypoglycaemic effect and biochemical parameters of aqueous and saponins extract on groups of rats rendered diabetic by injection of streptozotocin.

Methods

The phytochemical tests to detect the presence of different compounds were based on the visual observation of color change or formation of precipitate after the addition of specific reagents. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg bw. The fasting blood glucose levels were estimated by glucose oxidase-peroxidase reactive strips (Dextrostix, Bayer Diagnostics). Blood samples were taken by cutting the tip of the tail. Serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were estimated by enzymatic DHBS colorimetric method.

Results

Administration of 62.5 and 25.0 mg/kg of saponins and aqueous extract respectively in normal rats group shows a significant hypoglycemic activity (32.33% and 40.17% respectively) during the first week. However, diabetic group treated with saponin extract produced a maximum fall of 73.1% and 76.03% at day 1 and day 21 compared to the diabetics control. Also, blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract showed decrease of 78.79% on the first day and the effect remains roughly constant during 3 week. Both extracts also declined significantly biochemical parameters (20.77%-49.00%). The control in the loss of body weight was observed in treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic controls.

Conclusions

These results demonstrated significant antidiabetic effects and showed that serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels were decreased, significantly, consequently this plant might be of value in diabetes treatment.     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.