轨道刚度变化对高速列车-板式轨道系统振动响应的影响分析

针对板式轨道的结构特点,利用横向有限条与板段单元模拟板式轨道,并考虑轮轨竖向位移衔接条件,基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的“对号入座”法则,建立了高速列车-板式轨道动力学耦合系统的竖向振动矩阵方程.在此基础上,分析了板式轨道的刚度变化对此系统竖向振动响应的影响规律.计算结果表明,合理的轨道刚度将有利于降低此系统的竖向振动响应.并建议CA砂浆刚度合理的取值范围为1 000—1 500 MPa/m,轨下垫层刚度合理的取值范围为60—80 kN/mm.     

Effect of cross-wind on spatial vibration responses of train and track system

By taking cross-wind forces acting on trains into consideration, a dynamic analysis method of the cross-wind and high-speed train and slab track system was proposed on the basis of the analysis theory of spatial vibration of high-speed train and slab track system. The corresponding computer program was written by FORTRAN language. The dynamic responses of the high-speed train and slab track under cross-wind action were calculated. Meanwhile, the effects of the cross-wind on the dynamic responses of the system were also analyzed. The results show that the cross-wind has a significant influence on the lateral and vertical displacement responses of the car body, load reduction factor and overturning factor. For example, the maximum lateral displacement responses of the car body of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 32.10 and 1.60 mm, respectively. The maximum vertical displacement responses of the car body of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 6.60 and 3.29 mm, respectively. The maximum wheel load reduction factors of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 0.43 and 0.22, respectively. The maximum overturning factors of the first trailer with and without cross-wind forces are 0.28 and 0.08, respectively. The cross-wind affects the derailment factor and lateral Sperling factor of the moving train to a certain extent. However, the lateral and vertical displacement responses of rails with the cross-wind are almost the same as those without the cross-wind. The method presented and the corresponding computer program can be used to calculate the interaction between trains and track in cross-wind. Foundation item: Project (2007CB714706) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project (50678176) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (NCET-07-0866) supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in University     

一种无碴轨道动力学建模的新方法

针对无碴轨道（以博格板式轨道为例）结构特点，提出横向有限条与板段单元动力分析新模型。将高速列车（以中华之星为例）的动车及拖车均离散为具有二系悬挂的多刚体系统，基于弹性系统动力学总势能不变值原理及形成系统矩阵的“对号入座”法则，建立高速列车-无碴轨道时变系统竖向振动矩阵方程，采用Wilson-θ法求解。分别采用传统的静力模型和横向有限条与板段单元动力分析模型，计算并比较钢轨与博格板的静、动态竖向位移最大值，得出车速为200km／h时此系统竖向振动响应时程曲线。计算结果表明，钢轨与博格板的静、动态竖向位移最大值接近，计算值均在通常值范围内，说明所提出的新模型正确、可行。     

高铁弹塑性地基振动与变形的2.5维有限元算法

针对高铁运行引起的地基振动和塑性变形问题,提出高铁荷载作用下弹塑性地基振动与变形的2.5维有限元算法。将高铁运行诱发的地基变形视为材料非线性问题,采用改进的摩尔-库伦模型模拟地基土,基于弹性地基2.5维有限元法,将通过弹性理论计算得到的位移作为试探位移,经摩尔-库伦屈服准则判定屈服后,引入切线刚度迭代法、后向欧拉积分算法和一致切线模量算法实现刚度矩阵的更新迭代,从而求解出高铁运行引起的塑性变形。在此基础上,将轨道视为Eular梁,采用修正的多频列车荷载模拟高铁列车运行,并使用黏弹性人工边界处理截断边界,建立高铁弹塑性地基振动与变形的2.5维有限元验证模型。通过与移动点荷载弹性半空间解析解和地面振动实测结果进行对比,验证本文弹塑性地基2.5维有限元法理论的正确性及模型应用的可靠性,表明该方法可用于高效求解高铁运行引起的地面振动及累积变形问题。     

高速列车随机激振载荷无砟轨道路基的动应力分布规律

相较于传统的列车-轨道-路基整体耦合三维有限元模型,提出一种优化处理列车荷载的方法,基于多体系统动力学理论建立列车-轨道垂向耦合模型,并通过数值计算得到考虑了轨道随机不平顺条件下的轮轨激振载荷,随后利用二次开发子程序将轮轨载荷导入无砟轨道-路基-天然地基土非线性数值分析三维有限元模型,在此基础上研究分析高速移动荷载作用...     

Temperature-induced deformation of CRTS II slab track and its effect on track dynamical properties

Two finite-element models of the CRTS II slab track are presented to simulate temperature-induced deformations of the concrete track slab with no deterioration or with a deteriorated cement asphalt mortar(CAM).One model,which considers the fully bonding interface between the slab and the CAM layer,could applied to a track that is in good condition;the other model uses cohesive zone elements to simulate the deteriorated CAM with some possible interfacial separation and slip.Utilizing both of the models,temperature-induced warp deformations of track under various temperature loads are investigated.The influence of temperature deformation on the dynamic properties of the track is analyzed based on the train-track coupled dynamics.Numerical results show that the deteriorated CAM layer can significantly increase temperature deformations of a CRTS II track slab,which would produce tiny rail irregularities.There are clear differences between the deformation shapes of the track slabs that have an inseparable mortar layer and those have a separable mortar layer.The track slab with a deteriorated mortar layer showed more open curl distortion than the track slab in good condition.The dynamical response index of the slab track is intensified to a certain level due to the temperature deformation;with an increase of the train speed,the track dynamical responses increased linearly.However,rail irregularities due to the temperature deformations are very tiny.Even if a track is exposed to extreme temperature loads and the mortar layer is deteriorated,temperature deformation can have a negligible effect on the track’s dynamical properties.     

地震-高铁荷载共同作用下分层地基震动规律

为研究地震期间高速列车运行引起的地基震动规律,基于等效荷载法推导了频域内地震荷载输入公式,采用等效线性化方法考虑地基土非线性特性,结合高铁荷载下地基振动2.5维有限元计算方法,建立了地震-高铁荷载共同作用下非线性分层地基2.5维有限元模型,计算分析了车速及地基软硬对两动荷载共同作用下分层地基震动影响。结果表明：地震-高铁荷载引起的轨道中心处地面震动位移随车速的增大而增大;车速相同时轨道中心处地面震动位移随地基土刚度的增大而减小。地震和高铁荷载共同作用时地基震动会产生低频放大效应,车速越高、地基越软时地基低频震动放大效应越明显;两动载共同作用引起的地基中高频震动主要受列车荷载影响。近轨道中心处,地面震动主要受地震和高铁荷载共同作用影响;距轨道中心较远处,地面震动主要受地震荷载影响,高铁荷载的影响较小。     

Evaluation of vehicle-track-bridge interacted system for the continuous CRTS-II non-ballast track slab

Considering the CRTS-II track slab, which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system, a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method, the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM, the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction. The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction; the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam; and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method. As a case study, the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5 m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated. The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.     

基于傅立叶变换法的高速铁路轨道振动分析

建立轨道结构三层弹性梁模型,考虑轨道不平顺对振动响应的影响,利用傅立叶变换法求解振动位移.通过计算我国现有几种高速动车组运行时引发轨道结构的振动位移响应,得到轨道结构的振动加速度,分析了轨道不平顺及列车速度对振动幅值的影响.研究表明,较差的轨道不平顺状态及列车高速运行的组合情况下,轨道振动响应幅值将迅速增大.     

车轨桥振动系统垂向模型和空间模型的比较

分别建立了车辆-轨道-桥梁系统的垂向耦合振动模型和空间耦合振动模型,并通过功率普密度得到轨道高低不平顺的时域模拟样本,以其作为激励,分析两种模型下车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合振动系统的振动响应。通过对比相同轨道高低不平顺激励下垂向振动模型和空间振动模型的垂向振动响应计算结果,分析了两种模型的优缺点和适用性。     

高速列车荷载作用下路轨系统及饱和地基的动力响应

将在高速移动列车荷载作用下的铁路系统分为上覆路轨系统和下卧土体两部分.对于下卧土体部分,通过Fourier变换求解Biot多孔饱和介质的动力方程.对于路轨系统,将钢轨简化为无限长弹性Euler梁,将枕木简化为连续质量块,同时考虑道渣层的影响.用一系列符合列车几何尺寸的点荷载来模拟列车荷载.在Fourier变换域内,联立路轨系统和下卧土体的动力方程,求解在列车荷载作用下的钢轨位移和加速度、土体位移和加速度及土体孔压的表达式.利用数值积分方法对表达式进行Fourier逆变换,得到钢轨位移和加速度、土体孔压在时域内的表达式.通过算例讨论了荷载移动速度和土体渗透系数对钢轨速度和加速度及土体孔压的影响.结果表明,水相介质的存在和荷载移动速度均对土体动力响应产生很大影响.     

高速列车过双线隧道气动效应及列车风特性

为加深对隧道内气动效应和列车风特性的认识,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型模拟高速列车偏心通过隧道全过程,应用滑移网格技术模拟列车高速运动,对列车通过时隧道内的气动效应及列车风进行研究.通过将数值计算结果与现场试验结果进行对比,验证了数值方法的准确性.研究表明:隧道入口处气动压力变化规律与隧道内有很大差别;列车两侧对称测点的最...     

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型的轨道板损伤规律

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立CRTS Ⅰ型轨道板损伤分布计算模型,将Tekscan传感器测得的钢轨支点压力作为荷载输入,以轨道板竖向位移及拉伸损伤因子作为评价指标,分析客货共线条件下水泥乳化沥青（CA）砂浆离缝状态时锚穴周边轨道板上表面混凝土的内部损伤规律. 结果表明：随着离缝长度的不断扩展,损伤产生及完全损伤的临界离缝高度均逐渐变小;当离缝长度扩展至第2、3锚穴时,客车荷载下损伤产生的临界离缝高度分别约为0.8、1.0 mm,货车荷载下约为0.5、0.8 mm;一旦超出损伤产生的临界离缝高度,由于轨道板损伤的发展,轨道结构整体抗弯刚度迅速降低导致板端竖向位移迅速增大;对于客车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.0 mm后,CA砂浆形成脱空,板端位移不再增长,对于货车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.3 mm后,由于二次损伤带的产生,板端竖向位移随离缝高度的增大迅速增大.     

采用能量有限元分析的高速列车车内噪声预测

采用能量有限元分析（EFEA）并引入车体隔声效应建立高速列车（HST）车厢结构和声腔模型,综合考虑机械激励和声激励源,预测分析车内全频噪声. 通过试验及仿真计算获取模型结构和声腔参数;采用多体动力学仿真、声学有限元法和非线性声学方法求解得到车外激励源,包括轮轨力、二系悬挂力、轮轨噪声和气动噪声. 通过验证激励源频谱结果的声压级（SPL）峰值频率保证激励源的准确性. 将模型参数和激励源施加到车内噪声EFEA模型上,并预测不同区域的车内噪声。将车内声腔各区域的预测与搭载试验车内噪声SPL进行对比,结果显示,仿真与试验车内噪声声压级在分析频段内的变化趋势基本一致,声压级总值（OASPL）误差小于3 dB(A). 由此验证了提出的方法对于HST车内全频噪声仿真预测的有效性和准确性.     

车辆动力传动系扭转振动特性的分析

为了改善车辆动力传动系扭转振动特性,通过试验研究,系统分析了车辆动力传动系扭转振动特性的影响因素,并提出了相应的方法和措施。     

基于多视图分类集成的高铁工况识别

针对传统方法识别高铁工况存在特征提取不完备和识别性能不精确的问题,提出一种多视图分类集成的高铁工况识别方法(MVCE)。该方法结合多视图特征提取和分类集成技术,从信号本身特性、频域和时频域三个角度提取小波能量、频谱系数、聚合经验模态分解模糊熵,并使用Fisher比率对其频域特征进行特征选择,从而构建高铁振动信号三个视图的特征。使用最小二乘支持向量机和K最近邻分类器分别对每个视图的特征进行初步识别。最后采用分类熵投票策略对多个分类器输出结果进行集成。试验结果表明:该方法对仿真数据和实验室数据的平均识别率分别达到89.18%和90.87%。同时对比结果说明了该方法提取特征的完备性和具有多样性集成模型的有效性。     

Beam-track interaction of high-speed railway bridge with ballast track

Based on the construction bridge of Xiamen-Shenzhen high-speed railway (9–32 m simply-supported beam + 6×32 m continuous beam), the pier-beam-track finite element model, where the continuous beam of the ballast track and simply-supported beam are combined with each other, was established. The laws of the track stress, the pier longitudinal stress and the beam-track relative displacement were analyzed. The results show that reducing the longitudinal resistance can effectively reduce the track stress and the pier stress of the continuous beam, and increase the beam-track relative displacement. Increasing the rigid pier stiffness of continuous beam can reduce the track braking stress, increase the pier longitudinal stress and reduce the beam-track relative displacement. Increasing the rigid pier stiffness of simply-supported beam can reduce the track braking stress, the rigid pier longitudinal stress and the beam-track relative displacement.     

地铁列车引起的振动对城市敏感建筑结构的影响

以某相对地铁线路水平距离较近的市级文物保护敏感建筑为研究对象,设线路时速70km／h,分析地铁列车运行时产生的振动对该建筑结构的动力影响。针对整体道床和橡胶减振垫浮置板道床,建立车辆-轨道耦合模型,采用Newmark方法计算列车载荷;建立轨道-土层耦合模型,利用有限元方法分析地铁列车引起的振动在地表面的传播特性,并计算地铁列车振动对敏感建筑结构及周围环境的影响。研究结果表明:采用整体道床时,敏感点的垂向Z振级和敏感建筑结构的水平速度都大于标准值;采用橡胶减振垫浮置板道床时,敏感点的垂向Z振级和敏感建筑结构的水平速度都低于标准值;同时说明橡胶减振垫浮置板道床具有很好的减振效果。     

高速旋转圆盘刀具薄刀片横向振动的有限元分析

针对高速旋转圆盘刀具薄刀片实际工作时存在的横向振动问题,应用有限元方法及实验测量进行了研究。利用单元正方化扇形网格划分方法,对薄刀片划分单元,并应用拉格朗日方程建立了高速旋转圆盘薄片刀具薄刀片的动力学方程。通过对该动力学方程的分析,确定了薄片圆盘刀具系统的静态和动态特性。利用专门设计、制造的试验装置,对圆盘薄片刀具系统的静态和动态特性进行了测量,并将测量数据与理论分析进行了对比。结果表明:建立的薄片圆盘刀具系统的动力学方程是正确的。     

高速列车转向架雪粒沉积特性数值研究

为了揭示高速列车转向架表面的雪粒沉积分布,建立基于临界捕获角度和临界剪切速度的雪粒沉积模型,采用拉格朗日方法模拟雪粒在气流中的运动,研究转向架表面的雪粒沉积特性. 研究结果表明,转向架构架底部、抗蛇行减振器、后轮对中间制动夹钳、牵引拉杆、抗侧滚扭杆区域为雪粒易堆积部位;转向架后部区域垂向面、前部区域水平面、角落区域黏附率高;无论是积雪量,还是黏附率,都是以转向架中部横梁区域为最大;各部件平均积雪量由高到低依次为：牵引拉杆、构架、摇枕、二轴制动夹钳、抗侧滚扭杆、一轴制动夹钳、横向减振器、二轴轴箱、一轴轴箱、空气弹簧、抗蛇行减振器、踏面清扫装置,其中牵引拉杆、构架、摇枕、夹钳2的平均积雪量比其他部件高出约1倍,二轴制动夹钳的平均积雪量比一轴制动夹钳高出约1倍;当临界捕获角度为30~60°时,临界捕获角度的变化对部件总的积雪量影响较小.