The Multilingual World Wide Web

The advent of the World Wide Web and the ensuing growth in the popularity of the Internet have all but removed the significance of geographic borders in information sharing. The barriers that do remain are primarily linguistic and cultural. This has created a huge demand for translation. The dynamic nature of the Internet, and the unreliability of the information to be found there, means that translation needs to be carried out cheaply and quickly. This paper reviews the current state of the art in multilingual information processing in general and machine translation technology in particular. The work at Adastral Park to develop an 'Interlingual' machine translation system to assist with authoring multilingual documents is described.     

Spinning the Web [World Wide Web standardisation]

The World Wide Web may not be owned, controlled or regulated, but it still needs standards. Like the Internet, which underpins it, the Web has been developed by, and for the needs of, the international research community. The issues and features important to researchers will not always match the requirements of business. Witness the issue of security. Academic researchers have a natural bias towards the open exchange of information; for business, however, secure communications is a basic requirement. Also, no business is going to make a serious commitment to the Web, possibly risking its commercial future, unless it has confidence in the Web standardisation process. Out of such concerns a new business-oriented Web organisation has come into being-the World Wide Web Consortium, or W3C. The author reports on a meeting of the consortium and highlights the issues and standards that need to be addressed in order to adapt the Web to the needs of business     

Signal processing and the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web offers much information useful to the signal processing community. Using the Web, information having a variety of different forms can be transferred in a cohesive fashion. The article describes the rudiments of accessing the Web and how to create your own information resources. The authors focus on signal processing resources and how the Web catalyzes signal processing research and development     

IC design on the World Wide Web

A design log-jam is imminent. By 2001, designers of a single application-specific IC may have over 100 million transistors at their beck and call, according to the US Semiconductor Industry Association's National Roadmap for Semiconductors. Chip designs will rarely be home grown-instead, they will be organized around elements the design team acquires from others, either from companies that specialize in developing so-called intellectual property or from the reuse of blocks previously developed within the same or another organization. This paper describes how the rising tide of Web-based tools and services augurs the next sea change in electronic design     

创建互联网业务价值链

1 目前互联网业务的现状和前景分析 1.拨号接入方式仍处于持续发展阶段。根据2002年1月 15日中国互联网络信息中心（CNNIC）在京发布的第九次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》,我国网民已经达到 3370万人,其中拨号用户为 2133万,约占网民总数的 63％,2001年新增拨号用户 590万,拨号用户增长率为 38％。拨号用户的增长率虽逐年放缓,但是由于拨号费用低廉、接     

Weighted median image sharpeners for the World Wide Web

A class of robust weighted median (WM) sharpening algorithms is developed in this paper. Unlike traditional linear sharpening methods, weighted median sharpeners are shown to be less sensitive to background random noise or to image artifacts introduced by JPEG and other compression algorithms. These concepts are extended to include data dependent weights under the framework of permutation weighted medians leading to tunable sharpeners that, in essence, are insensitive to noise and compression artifacts. Permutation WM sharpeners are subsequently generalized to smoother/sharpener structures that can sharpen edges and image details while simultaneously filter out background random noise. A statistical analysis of the various algorithms is presented, theoretically validating the characteristics of the proposed sharpening structures. A number of experiments are shown for the sharpening of JPEG compressed images and sharpening of images with background film-grain noise. These algorithms can prove useful in the enhancement of compressed or noisy images posted on the World Wide Web (WWW) as well as in other applications where the underlying images are unavoidably acquired with noise.     

World Wide Web caching: trends and techniques

Academic and corporate communities have been dedicating considerable effort to World Wide Web caching. When correctly deployed, Web caching systems can lead to significant bandwidth savings, server load balancing, perceived network latency reduction, and higher content availability. We survey the state of the art in caching designs, presenting a taxonomy of architectures and describing a variety of specific trends and techniques     

World Wide Web caching: the application-level view of the Internet

The Internet has fallen prey to its most successful service, the World Wide Web. The networks do not keep up with the demands incurred by the huge amount of Web surfers. Thus, it takes longer and longer to obtain the information one wants to access via the World Wide Web. Many solutions to the problem of network congestion have been developed in distributed systems research in general and distributed file and database systems in particular. The introduction of caching and replication strategies has proven to help in many situations; therefore, these techniques are also applied to the Web. Although most problems and associated solutions are known, some circumstances are different with the Web, forcing the adaptation of known strategies. This article gives an overview of these differences and currently deployed, developed, and evaluated solutions     

Development of Content-Based Trademark Retrieval System on the World Wide Web

In this paper, we describe a new trademark retrieval system based upon the content or the shape of trademark. The system has an on-line graphical user interface for the World Wide Web (WWW) that allows user to provide a query in forms of a sketch or a visual image to search for similar trademarks from database. User interfaces for the WWW were implemented by utilizing HTML and Java applets. The query can occur in arbitrary size and orientation. A shape representation scheme invariant to scale and rotation was developed to measure the similarity between two trademarks using the magnitude of Zernike moments as a feature set. Performance evaluation has been carried out with a database of 3,000 trademarks. It takes only about 0.6 second for the retrieval on a 200 MHz Pentium PC. The average recall of the original one among top 30 candidates queried by noisy or deformed images was 100%.     

Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possiblecauses

The notion of self-similarity has been shown to apply to wide-area and local-area network traffic. We show evidence that the subset of network traffic that is due to World Wide Web (WWW) transfers can show characteristics that are consistent with self-similarity, and we present a hypothesized explanation for that self-similarity. Using a set of traces of actual user executions of NCSA Mosaic, we examine the dependence structure of WWW traffic. First, we show evidence that WWW traffic exhibits behavior that is consistent with self-similar traffic models. Then we show that the self-similarity in such traffic can be explained based on the underlying distributions of WWW document sizes, the effects of caching and user preference in file transfer, the effect of user “think time”, and the superimposition of many such transfers in a local-area network. To do this, we rely on empirically measured distributions both from client traces and from data independently collected at WWW servers     

Wireless access to the World Wide Web in an integrated CDMA system

We propose a wireless access mechanism for web traffic packets in an integrated wireless code-division multiple-access system that has both voice and Web traffic. The proposed scheme is a medium-access control layer/link layer (MAC/LL) scheduling algorithm that consists of a two level control: admission control and packet scheduling. The admission control restricts the number of users in the system such that quality-of-service requirements [target signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) and delay] for both voice and Web traffic can be met. The packet scheduling balances the system interference on a slot-by-slot basis such that the target SIRs can be achieved for all users (voice and Web browsing sessions) with a higher scheduling priority for voice. Designing admission control for Web users based on the average offered rate per session is difficult due to the high variations in the offered load generated by heavy tailed distributions for Web traffic. To overcome this problem, we propose an admission control algorithm that adaptively estimates the aggregate average load based on load measurements using a sliding observation window.     

World Wide Web: whence, whither, what next?

The World Wide Web (WWW) has become, next to electronic mail, the most popular Internet application. It has been a major contributor in turning the Internet into a household word. The WWW allows users to retrieve text and multimedia objects from servers located throughout the world, with objects connected by hypermedia links. The author presents a snapshot of the WWW after about half a decade, and speculates about where this young medium might be improved and which directions it might take from a technical perspective. Like most (successful) Internet technologies, the underlying central functionality of the Web is rather simple: a naming mechanism for files (the universal resource locator, URL), a typed, stateless retrieval protocol (hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP), and a minimal formatting language with hyperlinks (hypertext markup language, HTML)     

World Wide Web enabled operational support systems — a testing perspective

BT uses many operational support systems (OSS) in the course of its business. The major customer service system (MCSS) is one such OSS used for electronic dialogue with major customers. The client/server approach currently used is being superseded with a call for a World Wide Web (WWW) interface and adoption of a mid-tier server/thin-client approach. This paper examines how practical verification, validation and test (VV&T) techniques can be applied to such systems. Three WWW technologies are examined here as researched and implemented within the MCSS Bali project. The three technologies are Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Java and Citrix WinFrame.     

Design and development of an interactive medical teleconsultationsystem over the World Wide Web

The objective of the medical teleconsultation system presented in this paper is to demonstrate the use of the World Wide Web (WWW) for telemedicine and interactive medical information exchange. The system, which is developed based on Java, could provide several basic Java tools to fulfill the requirements of medical applications, including a file manager, data tool, bulletin board, and digital audio tool. The digital audio tool uses point-to-point structure to enable two physicians to communicate directly through voice. The others use multipoint structure. The file manager manages the medical images stored in the WWW information server, which come from a hospital database. The data tool supports cooperative operations on the medical data between the participating physicians. The bulletin board enables the users to discuss special cases by writing text on the board, send their personal or group diagnostic reports on the cases, and reorganize the reports and store them in its report file for later use. The system provides a hardware-independent platform for physicians to interact with one another as well as to access medical information over the WWW     

全球动态

英国 更新电信监管规则 为与欧盟新电信法保持一致,英国电信监管机构Ofeom修改了电信合同监管规定,要求英国电话和宽带服务提供商今后只能向用户提供至多24个月的合同。新规定还要求电信运营商必须设置12个月的合同供个人用户和企业用户选择,以方便用户携号转网,保障市场竞争;移动运营商须向用户提供紧急短信服务。     

全球动态

日本 移动用户规模达1．1亿;澳大利亚 拟开放大部分2．5GHz频谱;韩国 移动支付技术标准进入收尾阶段;印度 成全球第二大移动电话市场;法国政府提供20亿欧元贷款建宽带     

全球动态

欧盟 正式开放部分GSM手机通信专用频段 欧盟近日正式颁布了有关开放部分GSM手机通信专用频段的新立法,这项立法为第三代移动通信（3G）等无线通信业务的发展铺平了道路。根据欧盟的新立法,很多无线设备将可以使用20多年GSM手机专用的900兆赫频段。据估计,这一做法将在未来五年内为欧盟无线通信产业省下40％的网络建设成本。欧盟委员会认为,     

全球动态

欧盟 将为手机上网设定漫游费上限 根据近日生效的一项新规定，欧盟境内的移动运营商必须对互联网服务的漫游费标准进行限制。根据新规定，用户需要在2010年7月1日前与运营商商定一个包月漫游上网费的上限。届时，未达成协议的用户包月费用将被默认为50欧元（约合68美元）。