肿瘤食谱

前言肿瘤乃当今危害中国居民健康的第一大杀手,其发病和环境污染、病毒以及生活习惯等关系密切,其中健康饮食是防治肿瘤的重要因素之一,因此世界癌症研究基金会在《食物、营养、身体活动和与癌症预防》报告中提出10条建议来预防癌症。     

陈君石院士解读《食物、营养、身体活动和癌症预防》

2007年10月31日,由世界癌症研究基金会和中国癌症基金会联合举办的《食物、营养、身体活动和癌症预防》新报告发布会在北京举行。     

“实施癌症防治行动”写入政府工作报告

在十三届全国人大二次会议上,国务院总理李克强作政府工作报告,报告明确提到:我国受癌症困扰的家庭以千万计,要实施癌症防治行动,推进预防筛查、早诊早治和科研攻关,着力缓解民生的痛点。中国癌症防控刻不容缓,已上升到国家层面。最新公布的中国恶性肿瘤报告显示,中国每年新增恶性肿瘤病例390多万例。肿瘤,已成为人民健康的重大危害。肿瘤防控工作受到国家高度重视.     

卷首语

本期刊载“中国癌症控制策略研究报告”一文 ,约２万字 ,叙述及分析中国癌症防治的背景材料 ,研究癌症控制策略 ,报告近期控制癌症的总体思路与措施。值得政府行政管理者和专业人员一读。研究１３亿人的肿瘤预防问题 ,既艰难又复杂 ,但事情总得有人去干 ,董志伟等教授提出的这份报告 ,意在抛砖引玉 ,让读者及社会各界人士来共同关注与参与。百花齐放 ,百家争鸣 ,只有经过充分讨论才能进一步完善中国癌症控制的策略。实事求是 ,与时俱进是我们各项事业发展的重要保证。根据不同地区的具体情况及科学技术发展的趋势 ,制定及选择适宜的办法与措…     

“全球抗癌指南”在京发布

世界癌症研究基金会与美国癌症研究所发布的"全球抗癌指南"——《食物、营养、身体活动和癌症预防》第二份专家报告中文版(以下简称《报告》)近日出版。其中就癌症预防提出10点建议:     

关于膳食与营养预防癌症报告介绍

1997年10月，世界癌症研究基金会（WCBY）将其主要报告（食物、营养与癌症预防：全球展望》授权出版。这份文件将提供营养与有关癌症预防因素的最新资料，并作一次全球性的展望。该报告不仅对认识膳食在癌症预防中地位有全球性指南作用，同时也提出了新的研究热点。该报告某些关键性部分集中阐述了不同食物与营养素对主要癌症的影响以及酒精对癌症危险性。报告通过膳食方法和特殊的膳食推荐，从而对癌症发病率作新的估计。WCRF科学新闻已经研究了此报告在世界不同地区的预期价值。联合国儿童基金组织（LJNICEF）柬埔寨办事处的Kavish…     

1985～2000年美国癌症控制目标简介

美国国家癌症研究所癌症预防和控制研究部在1986年提出一份关于1985～2000年美国癌症控制目标的报告,该报告由38位专家从预防、普查、治疗和监护4个方面,应用在过去10年中对癌症病因、诊断技术和有效的治疗方案的探索方面取得的成就,以及预期在今后15年内出现的治疗进展的实际应用的可能性,应用电子计算机调整各种可能的影响因     

马来西亚肿瘤预防控制概况

文章从癌症负担、主要的预防控制策略、临床治疗和姑息治疗、防控系统建设等多角度对马来西亚肿瘤预防和控制概况予以描述。该国根据本国癌症负担制定了相应的防控策略,并取得了一定的效果,值得同为发展中国家的中国借鉴。这些成功的经验包括：严格的控烟、控酒和HPV疫苗的应用以及癌症筛查等一、二级预防措施的实施,以及非政府组织发挥的重要作用。     

中国癌症控制策略研究报告

[目的]探讨中国癌症控制策略。[方法]采用文献检索，资料研究，专家讨论等方法。[结果]报告世界和中国癌症流行趋势及防治现状；提出中国癌症控制目标、重点、主要干预措施；明确中国癌症防治信息系统的建设及中国癌症防治管理的措施。[结论]该研究结果符合中国国情，有利于国家癌症控制规划及计划的制定与实施。     

中国癌症高发现场现况评价

中国癌症高发现场具有独特的资源优势,在探索癌症分布和流行趋势、阐明危险因素、预防控制等方面形成了特色。中国科研人员在癌症高发现场开展研究工作超过30年,但至今尚缺乏对现场比较客观、系统的科学评价。该研究通过对我国部分有代表性的癌症高发现场的调查,对现场开展的重要工作进行系统分析总结,并对其可持续发展提出建议。     

American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Findings from the National Cancer Institute's National Lung Screening Trial established that lung cancer mortality in specific high‐risk groups can be reduced by annual screening with low‐dose computed tomography. These findings indicate that the adoption of lung cancer screening could save many lives. Based on the results of the National Lung Screening Trial, the American Cancer Society is issuing an initial guideline for lung cancer screening. This guideline recommends that clinicians with access to high‐volume, high‐quality lung cancer screening and treatment centers should initiate a discussion about screening with apparently healthy patients aged 55 years to 74 years who have at least a 30–pack‐year smoking history and who currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. A process of informed and shared decision‐making with a clinician related to the potential benefits, limitations, and harms associated with screening for lung cancer with low‐dose computed tomography should occur before any decision is made to initiate lung cancer screening. Smoking cessation counseling remains a high priority for clinical attention in discussions with current smokers, who should be informed of their continuing risk of lung cancer. Screening should not be viewed as an alternative to smoking cessation. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society.     

Effects of symptom clusters and depression on the quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer

People with advanced lung cancer experience later symptoms after treatment that is related to poorer psychosocial and quality of life (QOL) outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of symptom clusters and depression on the QOL of patients with advanced lung cancer. A sample of 178 patients with advanced lung cancer at the National Cancer Center in Korea completed a demographic questionnaire, the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory–Lung Cancer, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General scale. The most frequently experienced symptom was fatigue, anguish was the most severe symptom‐associated distress, and 28.9% of participants were clinically depressed. Factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters based on the severity of patients' symptom experiences. Three symptom clusters were identified: treatment‐associated, lung cancer and psychological symptom clusters. The regression model found a significant negative impact on QOL for depression and lung cancer symptom cluster. Age as the control variable was found to be significant impact on QOL. Therefore, psychological screening and appropriate intervention is an essential part of advanced cancer care. Both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological approaches for alleviating depression may help to improve the QOL of lung cancer patients.     

第八版国际肺癌TNM分期修订稿解读

目前临床使用的肺癌分期是国际抗癌联盟（Union for International Cancer Control, UICC）于2009年1月颁布的第七版TNM分期。近年来,随着肺癌诊断技术的提高以及个体化治疗、分子靶向治疗等精准治疗模式的改变,肺癌的生存率及预后也有了明显的提高,旧的分期标准已难以适应当前的快速发展的临床需求。因此国际肺癌研究学会（International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, IASLC）2015年对肺癌分期系统进行了更新,其修订稿发表于《Journal of hToracic Oncology》,新版分期计划于2017年1月正式颁布实施。新分期标准采纳了来自16个国家的35个数据库,包含了自1999年-2010年间新发病的94,708例肺癌病例。新版分期的优势在于能够更好的显示患者的预后,对临床具有更高的指导价值。     

Cancer screening in the United States, 2013

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Each year the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its recommendations for early cancer detection, a report on data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, current ACS cancer screening guidelines are summarized, as are updated guidelines on cervical cancer screening and lung cancer screening with low‐dose helical computed tomography. The latest data on the use of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey also are described, as are several issues related to screening coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society.     

浙江省居民恶性肿瘤减寿分析

[目的]分析1970年至今30年来浙江省居民恶性肿瘤死亡变化情况及其对居民健康和社会的危害,为制定浙江省恶性肿瘤防治工作重点和策略提供依据。[方法]采用浙江省1973～1975年,1990～1992年以及2004～2006年死因回顾调查资料,以标化死亡率、标化减寿率、平均减寿年数、工作寿命损失率和平均工作寿命损失年数等指标进行分析。[结果]浙江省的恶性肿瘤死亡率男性高于女性,城市高于农村,标化死亡率在30年间上升20.5%,男性与农村的标化死亡率分别相对女性与城市有明显上升。肺癌、膀胱癌和乳腺癌的标化死亡率分别上升了341.55%、50.81%和47.66%,宫颈癌和鼻咽癌分别下降了85.12%和44.97%。恶性肿瘤总体造成的寿命损失和工作寿命损失显著上升,其中男性前两位为肺癌和肝癌,女性为乳腺癌和肺癌。[结论]应加强肿瘤的预防控制工作特别是农村地区的工作,肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、肠癌和乳腺癌是肿瘤预防控制工作的重点。     

肺癌肿瘤干细胞分离鉴定及进展

本文综述肺癌肿瘤干细胞分离鉴定及相关研究进展。肺癌肿瘤干细胞分离主要有依细胞表型特征和生物学特性而建立的两大类方法,ＣＤ１３３、ＡＢＣＧ２、ＢＭＩ-１等可作为分选肺癌肿瘤干细胞细胞标志物。侧群（ｓｉｄｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ,ＳＰ）细胞分选法可用于未知表面标志物的肺癌肿瘤干细胞分离。肺癌肿瘤干细胞的鉴定分为体外实验和动物致瘤力实验。微流控芯片技术未来可用于肺癌肿瘤干细胞分离鉴定。     

Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2016: Progress and opportunities in reducing racial disparities

In this article, the American Cancer Society provides the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths for blacks in the United States and the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, screening, and risk factors for cancer. Incidence data are from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries, and mortality data are from the National Center for Health Statistics. Approximately 189,910 new cases of cancer and 69,410 cancer deaths will occur among blacks in 2016. Although blacks continue to have higher cancer death rates than whites, the disparity has narrowed for all cancers combined in men and women and for lung and prostate cancers in men. In contrast, the racial gap in death rates has widened for breast cancer in women and remained level for colorectal cancer in men. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since the early 1990s translates to the avoidance of more than 300,000 deaths among blacks. In men, incidence rates from 2003 to 2012 decreased for all cancers combined (by 2.0% per year) as well as for the top 3 cancer sites (prostate, lung, and colorectal). In women, overall rates during the corresponding time period remained unchanged, reflecting increasing trends in breast cancer combined with decreasing trends in lung and colorectal cancer rates. Five‐year relative survival is lower for blacks than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Progress in reducing cancer death rates could be accelerated by ensuring equitable access to prevention, early detection, and high‐quality treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:290‐308. © 2016 American Cancer Society     

Relationship between cytokine gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and symptom burden and quality of life in lung cancer survivors

BACKGROUND:

Previous research has demonstrated that many lung cancer survivors report difficulties with symptom control and experience a poor quality of life (QOL). Although recent studies have suggested a relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several cytokine genes with cancer susceptibility and prognosis, associations with symptom burden and QOL have not been examined. The current study was conducted to identify SNPs related to symptom burden and QOL outcomes in lung cancer survivors.

METHODS:

All participants were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Lung Cancer Cohort following diagnosis of lung cancer. A total of 1149 Caucasian lung cancer survivors completed questionnaires and had genetic samples available. The main outcome measures were symptom burden as measured by the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale and health‐related QOL as measured by the Short‐Form General Health Survey.

RESULTS:

Twenty‐one SNPs in cytokine genes were associated with symptom burden and QOL outcomes. Our results suggested both specificity and consistency of cytokine gene SNPs in predicting outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results provide support for genetic predisposition to QOL and symptom burden and may aid in identification of lung cancer survivors at high risk for symptom management and QOL difficulties. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

2013—2017年黑龙江省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病与死亡分析

目的 分析2013—2017年黑龙江省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病、死亡及时间变化趋势,为进一步制定肺癌防控提供依据。方法 计算黑龙江省肿瘤登记地区2013—2017年肺癌的发病（死亡）率、中标发病（死亡）率,标化率采用2000年全国人口普查标准人口和Segi’s世界标准人口构成作为标准。年度变化百分比（APC）使用Joinpoint软件计算。结果 2013—2017年黑龙江省肿瘤登记地区肺癌发病率为63.44/10万,中国人口标化率（中标率）为36.14/10万。其中男性肺癌发病率（78.08/10万）高于女性（49.04/10万）;农村地区肺癌发病率（65.54/10万）高于城市地区（58.20/10万）。2013—2017年黑龙江省肿瘤登记地区肺癌死亡率为57.02/10万,中标率为32.53/10万。其中男性肺癌死亡率（69.92/10万）高于女性（44.40/10万）;农村地区肺癌死亡率（60.68/10万）高于城市地区（48.02/10万）。55岁~年龄组肺癌发病率呈下降趋势（APC=-5.0%, t=-5.1, P<0.05）,70~年龄组肺癌死亡率呈下降趋势（APC=-4.9%, t=-5.0, P<0.05）。结论 黑龙江省是肺癌高发地区,肺癌严重威胁本省居民健康,必须针对本省肺癌流行病学特点进一步加强肺癌防控工作。     

Maternal lung cancer and testicular cancer risk in the offspring.

It has been hypothesized that smoking during pregnancy could increase the offspring's risk for testicular cancer. This hypothesis is indirectly supported by both ecological studies and studies of cancer aggregations within families. However, results from analytical epidemiological studies are not consistent, possibly due to methodological difficulties. To further study the association between smoking during pregnancy and testicular cancer, we did a population-based cohort study on cancer risk among offspring of women diagnosed with lung cancer. Through the use of the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Second-Generation Register, we identified 8,430 women who developed lung cancer between 1958 and 1997 and delivered sons between 1941 and 1979. Cancer cases among the male offspring were then identified through the Swedish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios were computed, using 95% confidence intervals. We identified 12,592 male offspring of mothers with a subsequent diagnosis of lung cancer, and there were 40 cases of testicular cancer (standardized incidence ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.58). The association was independent of maternal lung cancer subtype, and the risk of testicular cancer increased stepwise with decreasing time interval between birth and maternal lung cancer diagnosis. Our results support the hypothesis that exposure to cigarette smoking in utero increases the risk of testicular cancer.