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1.
喜马拉雅山脉中段土地覆被的垂直分异特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Characterized by obvious altitudinal variation,habitat complexity,and diversity in land cover,the Mt.Qomolangma region within the central Himalayas is one of the most sensitive areas to climate change in the world.At the same time,because the Mt.Qomolangma region possesses the most complete natural vertical spectrum in the world,it is also an ideal place to study the vertical structure of alpine land cover.In this study,land cover data for 2010 along with digital elevation model data were used to define three methods for dividing the northern and southern slopes in the Mt.Qomolangma region,i.e.,the ridgeline method,the sample transect method,and the sector method.The altitudinal distributions of different land cover types were then investigated for both the northern and southern slopes of the Mt.Qomolangma region by using the above three division methods along with ArcGIS and MATLAB tools.The results indicate that the land cover in the study region was characterized by obviously vertical zonation with the south-six and north-four pattern of vertical spectrum that reflected both the natural vertical structure of vegetation and the effects of human activities.From low to high elevation,the main land cover types were forests,grasslands,sparse vegetation,bare land,and glacler/snow cover.The compositions and distributions of land cover types differed significantly between the northern and southern slopes;the southern slope exhibited more complex land cover distributions with wider elevation ranges than the northern slope.The area proportion of each land cover type also varied with elevation.Accordingly,the vertical distribution patterns of different land cover types on the southern and northern slopes could be divided into four categories,with glaciers/snow cover,sparse vegetation,and grasslands conforming to unimodal distributions.The distribution of bare land followed a unimodal pattern on the southern slope but a bimodal pattern on the northern slope.Finally,the use of different slope division methods produced similar vertical belt structures on the southern slope but different ones on the northern slope.Among the three division methods,the sector method was better to reflect the natural distribution pattern of land cover.  相似文献   

2.
乌兰布和沙漠不同土地覆被类型粒度特征及空间分异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宋洁  春喜 《中国沙漠》2018,38(2):243-251
对中国沙尘暴源区之一的乌兰布和沙漠进行系统采样,分析不同土地覆被类型的地表沉积物粒度特征及其空间分异规律。结果表明:乌兰布和沙漠地表沉积物以中沙和细沙为主,平均粒径为2.84 φ。沙漠地表沉积物的粒度特征在不同土地覆被类型和不同空间存在明显的分异规律,表明该沙漠的地表沉积物粒度分布是由物源、地形和搬运营力共同作用的结果。乌兰布和沙漠内部最可能成为沙尘暴尘源的有沙漠中部的盐碱地、东北部的耕地和广泛存在于沙漠中的沙丘。根据不同区域的土地覆被类型因地制宜地选取先锋植物种群改善区域地表覆盖状况和地表沉积物粒度组分,是该区域尘源治理的主要手段。  相似文献   

3.
广州市城乡交错带土地覆被景观格局时空分异   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于1990、1995、2000和2005年覆盖广州市南部拓展区的LandsatTM遥感影像,经监督分类和人工目视解译获得研究区各时相土地覆被景观图。选取景观指数指标对研究区的景观格局和动态变化进行研究,并利用缓冲区技术研究分析各时期内景观特征的梯度方向分异。结果表明:广州市南部拓展区在15年间景观格局发生了重大变化,该时期内景观的破碎化程度逐年增大,景观异质性先增后减,优势斑块呈分散趋势;耕地面积先减后增,总体呈下降趋势,而建筑用地面积则逐年上升;景观格局梯度分析显示区域景观格局存在方向上的梯度分异,反映大城市中心区不同辐射距离范围内城乡交错带的城市化发展差异。  相似文献   

4.
快速城市化过程中城市土地覆被的时空动态特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
1990—2005年间,是广州市经济快速发展和城市景观变化最大的时期,以同时段TM影像解译得到广州市的土地覆被类型图,从数量结构、空间信息及位置转移和景观等方面,分析了广州市土地覆被的动态特征.数量结构的研究结果显示:在快速城市化过程中广州市的耕地、林地等自然资源的利用程度在加大,自1995年起,这种变化的趋势开始减缓;土地覆被类型之间的信息与位置的转移变化频繁,并且表现出空间位置分异的特征.景观特征指数分析结果表明:广州市城市土地覆被向破碎化方向发展,城市建设用地呈扩展之势.  相似文献   

5.
重庆喀斯特地区土地覆被类型对土壤特征的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
1 Introduction The karst region of Southwest China, with Guizhou Province as the center, extends across Yunnan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Chongqing, western Hunan Province, Hubei Province, and Guangdong Province, coveri…  相似文献   

6.
1990 年以来广州市土地覆被景观的时空梯度分异   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
龚建周  夏北成 《地理学报》2007,62(2):181-190
取1990 年、1995 年、2000 年和2005 年4 个时相覆盖广州市的TM 遥感影像为数据源, 经非监督分类及人工目视解译, 获得研究区各时相土地覆被类型图。以高速公路为轴线 应用缓冲区技术, 形成南北和东西两条样带, 同时以城市中心区域向外等距扩展而形成辐射状梯度圈。通过样带和梯度圈剪裁形成土地覆被类型图, 计算土地覆被类型图的景观指数, 分析广州市15 年间土地覆被动态过程, 揭示区域景观动态的方向和梯度分异特征。数量结构与样带研究结果表明: 广州市因经济发展而使土地覆被景观恶化的趋势已得到一定程度的遏制, 城市发展逐步进入理性控制阶段, 但是存在方向分异, 东西样带上的土地覆被景观的多样性持续下降, 斑块破碎化程度加剧; 辐射梯度圈研究结果显示, 向外围扩展的城市化过程使广州市呈现出多个次级中心的格局, 对城市土地覆被景观的干扰强度自中心城区向郊区递减, 方向分异不显著; 东南方向的辐射梯度圈内土地覆被景观的分维数和多样性指数变化特征表明, 自2000 年始, 经济发展已开始侵占南部海域。  相似文献   

7.
1990~2005年间,是广州市经济快速发展和城市景观变化最大的时期,以同时段TM影像解译得到广州市的土地覆被类型图,从数量结构、空间信息及位置转移和景观等方面,分析了广州市土地覆被的动态特征.数量结构的研究结果显示:在快速城市化过程中广州市的耕地、林地等自然资源的利用程度在加大,自1995年起,这种变化的趋势开始减缓;土地覆被类型之间的信息与位置的转移变化频繁,并且表现出空间位置分异的特征.景观特征指数分析结果表明:广州市城市土地覆被向破碎化方向发展,城市建设用地呈扩展之势.  相似文献   

8.
1990~2005年间,是广州市经济快速发展和城市景观变化最大的时期,以同时段TM影像解译得到广州市的土地覆被类型图,从数量结构、空间信息及位置转移和景观等方面,分析了广州市土地覆被的动态特征.数量结构的研究结果显示:在快速城市化过程中广州市的耕地、林地等自然资源的利用程度在加大,自1995年起,这种变化的趋势开始减缓;土地覆被类型之间的信息与位置的转移变化频繁,并且表现出空间位置分异的特征.景观特征指数分析结果表明:广州市城市土地覆被向破碎化方向发展,城市建设用地呈扩展之势.  相似文献   

9.
流域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
侯鹏  王桥  王昌佐  蒋卫国  赵彦伟 《地理研究》2011,30(11):2092-2098
土地利用/土地覆被变化改变了地表生态系统组成结构,影响着生态系统功能,威胁着区域生态安全。本文以辽河流域的浑河-太子河流域为研究区,探讨了流域空间尺度上的LUCC特征及其所带来的生态效应。研究表明,不同的生态指标对LUCC的响应程度略有不同:(1)从景观生态格局角度看,反映生态系统斑块形状特征的景观指数对LUCC的响应...  相似文献   

10.
USGCRP土地覆被研究的最新动向   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
本文根据美国全球变化研究委员会提出的“美国全球变化研究计划”(USGCRP),概要介绍了土地覆被研究的目标、内容和设想。由于美国在这一领域研究中的领先地位,因此本文基本反映了国际上的最新趋势。  相似文献   

11.
近30年珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区冰川变化的遥感监测   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:16  
利用1976、1988和2006年的3期陆地卫星遥感数据,采用面向对象的解译方法并结合专家知识分类规则自动提取珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区(以下简称珠峰保护区)3个时期的冰川信息,并利用遥感、地理信息系统和图谱的方法对冰川时空分布特征和变化及其原因与不确定性进行了分析。结果如下:(1)2006年珠峰保护区内冰川面积为2710.17±0.011km2,为研究区总面积的7.41%,主要分布在研究区南部海拔4700~6800m的高山区;(2)1976-2006年,珠峰保护区冰川持续退缩明显,总面积减少501.91±0.035km2,冰湖扩张迅速(净增加36.88±0.035km2);研究区南坡子流域冰川退缩率(16.79%)高于北坡子流域(14.40%);珠峰保护区冰川以退缩为主,退缩冰川主要分布于海拔4700~6400m,退缩区上限海拔为6600~6700m;(3)1976年以来,气温显著上升和降水减少是冰川退缩的关键因素。  相似文献   

12.
1981-2001年珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区植被变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1981 to 2001, the digitalized China Vegetation Map (1:1,000,000), DEM, temperature and precipitation data, and field investigation, the spatial patterns and vertical characteristics of natural vegetation changes and their influencing factors in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve have been studied. The results show that: (1) There is remarkable spatial difference of natural vegetation changes in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve and stability is the most common status. There are 5.04% of the whole area being seriously degraded, 13.19% slightly degraded, 26.39% slightly improved, 0.97% significantly improved and 54.41% keeping stable. The seriously and slightly degraded areas, which mostly lie in the south of the reserve, are along the national boundaries. The areas of improved vegetation lie in the north of the reserve and the south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The stable areas lie between the improved and degraded areas. Degradation decreases with elevation. (2) Degeneration in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve mostly affects shrubs, needle-leaved forests and mixed forests. (3) The temperature change affects the natural vegetation changes spatially while the integration of temperature changes, slopes and aspects affects the natural vegetation change along the altitude gradients. (4) It is the overuse of resources that leads to the vegetation degeneration in some parts of the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve.  相似文献   

13.
    
Based on the NOAA AVHRR-NDVI data from 1981 to 2001, the digitalized China Vegetation Map (1:1,000,000), DEM, temperature and precipitation data, and field investiga-tion, the spatial patterns and vertical characteristics of natural vegetation changes and their influencing factors in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve have been studied. The results show that: (1) There is remarkable spatial difference of natural vegetation changes in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve and stability is the most common status. There are 5.04% of the whole area being seriously degraded, 13.19% slightly degraded, 26.39% slightly im-proved, 0.97% significantly improved and 54.41% keeping stable. The seriously and slightly degraded areas, which mostly lie in the south of the reserve, are along the national bounda-ries. The areas of improved vegetation lie in the north of the reserve and the south side of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The stable areas lie between the improved and degraded areas. Degradation decreases with elevation. (2) Degeneration in the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Re-serve mostly affects shrubs, needle-leaved forests and mixed forests. (3) The temperature change affects the natural vegetation changes spatially while the integration of temperature changes, slopes and aspects affects the natural vegetation change along the altitude gradi-ents. (4) It is the overuse of resources that leads to the vegetation degeneration in some parts of the Mt. Qomolangma Nature Reserve.  相似文献   

14.
章申  孙景信 《地理研究》1990,9(2):58-66
本文论述了珠穆朗玛峯地区土壤中稀土元素的含量,以及它们在土壤中的分布模式,并发现土壤中稀土元素的含量水平在很大程度上受土壤母质的制约。  相似文献   

15.
珠穆朗玛峰国家自然保护区南北坡植被覆盖变化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用2000-2009年MODIS NDVI数据,基于每个像元的生长季NDVI峰值进行了像元水平的线性趋势分析,研究珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区南坡和北坡的植被覆盖的空间分布和变化特征.结果表明:①保护区内植被覆盖显著改善区域和轻微改善区域NDVI-Max的年平均增加率分别为3.06%和1.25%;显著退化区域和轻微退化区域NDVI-Max的年平均减少率分别为2.82%和1.09%a 22000-2009年,保护区南坡的植被覆盖整体上呈现上升趋势,22.59%的区域显著改善,19.05%的区域轻微改善,24.75%的区域保持稳定;北坡的植被覆盖整体上呈现下降趋势,19.5%的区域严重退化,24.43%的区域轻微退化,38.12%的区域保持稳定.③南坡有植被覆盖的8种土地利用类型中,山区旱地植被覆盖呈现退化趋势,其余土地利用类型都呈现上升趋势;北坡有植被覆盖的10种土地利用类型中,植被覆盖都呈现退化趋势.  相似文献   

16.
    
Only few models for land-cover classification incorporated spectral data into ordinary logistic regression (OL model) in the Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve (QNNP) in China. In this study, spectral variables were incorporated into OL model and autologistic regression (AL) model to classify six main land covers. Twelve environmental variables and seven spectral variables of 10,000 stratified random sites in the QNNP were quantified and analyzed; OL model, AL model, OL model with spectral data (OLM model), and AL model with spectral data (ALM model) were estimated. The OLM and ALM models produced better estimates of regression coefficients and significantly improved model performance and overall accuracy for the grassland, sparsely vegetated land, and bare land compared with OL and AL models.  相似文献   

17.
本文论述了珠穆朗玛峯地区土壤中稀土元素的含量,以及它们在土壤中的分布模式,并发现土壤中稀土元素的含量水平在很大程度上受土壤母质的制约。  相似文献   

18.
    
Glaciers are one of the most important land covers in alpine regions and especially sensitive to global climate change. Remote sensing has proved to be the best method of investigating the extent of glacial variations in remote mountainous areas. Using Landsat thematic mapping (TM) and multi-spectral-scanner (MSS) images from Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) National Nature Preserve (QNNP), central high Himalayas for 1976, 1988 and 2006, we derived glacial extent for these three periods. A combination of object-oriented image interpretation methods, expert knowledge rules and field surveys were employed. Results showed that (1) the glacial area in 2006 was 2710.17 ± 0.011 km2 (about 7.41% of the whole study area), and located mainly to the south and between 4700 m to 6800 m above sea level; (2) from 1976 to 2006, glaciers reduced by 501.91 ± 0.035 km2 and glacial lakes expanded by 36.88 ± 0.035 km2; the rate of glacier retreat was higher in sub-basins on the southern slopes (16.79%) of the Himalayas than on the northern slopes (14.40%); most glaciers retreated, and mainly occurred at an elevation of 4700–6400 m, and the estimated upper limit of the retreat zone is between 6600 m and 6700 m; (3) increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation over the study period are the key factors driving retreat.  相似文献   

19.
    
The study of mountain vertical natural belts is an important component in the study of regional differentiation.These areas are especially sensitive to climate change and have indicative function,which is the core of three-dimensional zonality research.Thus,based on high precision land cover and digital elevation model (DEM) data,and supported by MATLAB and ArcGIS analyses,this paper aimed to study the present situation and changes of the land cover vertical belts between 1990 and 2015 on the northern and southern slopes of the Koshi River Basin (KRB).Results showed that the vertical belts on both slopes were markedly dif-ferent from one another.The vertical belts on the southern slope were mainly dominated by cropland,forest,bare land,and glacier and snow cover.In contrast,grassland,bare land,sparse vegetation,glacier and snow cover dominated the northern slope.Study found that the main vertical belts across the KRB within this region have not changed substantially over the past 25 years.In contrast,on the southern slope,the upper limits of cropland and bare land have moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of forest and glacier and snow cover have moved to higher elevation.The upper limit of alpine grassland on the northern slope retreated and moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of glacier and snow cover and vegetation moved northward to higher elevations.Changes in the vertical belt were influenced by climate change and human activities over time.Cropland was mainly controlled by human activities and climate warming,and the reduced precipitation also led to the abandonment of cropland,at least to a certain extent.Changes in grassland and forest ecosystems were predominantly influenced by both human activities and climate change.At the same time,glacier and snow cover far away from human activities was also mainly influenced by climate warming.  相似文献   

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