噻吗心胺滴眼液治疗准分子激光手术后屈光回退

目的：观察并分析噻吗心胺滴眼液治疗准分子激光手术后屈光回退的疗效,并且初步探讨其作用机制。方法：随机对照研究。选取在乌鲁木齐市眼耳鼻喉专科医院2002 年5 月至2014 年8 月期间行准分子激光手术,术后长期随访中出现不同程度的屈光回退患者51 例（97 眼）。屈光回退度数（-0.95±0.45）D,发生回退时间（3.53±0.72）个月。将这些患者随机分为2 组：噻吗心胺组（48 眼）用0.5%噻吗心胺滴眼液规范治疗,2 次/d;人工泪液组（49 眼）给予人工泪液点眼,3 次/d。治疗时间均为1 个月。所有患者治疗前和治疗后均进行裸眼视力（UCVA）、主觉验光、非接触眼压测量。采用成组t 检验对这2 组患者的各项数据进行比较分析。结果：UCVA（LogMAR）：噻吗心胺组治疗前为0.80±0.25,治疗1 个月后为0.18±0.13,人工泪液组治疗前UCVA为0.78±0.20,治疗1 个月后为0.90±0.85,治疗后2 组差异具有统计学意义（t =6.42,P=0.005）。噻吗心胺组治疗前后眼压下降了1～4 mmHg,平均（1.41±0.39）mmHg,人工泪液组治疗前后眼压下降了-2～1 mmHg,平均（0.52±0.35）mmHg,2 组眼压下降量差异具有统计学意义（t =12.85,P=0.007）。噻吗心胺组治疗前等效球镜度（-0.95±0.42）D,治疗后（-0.13±0.20）D,人工泪液组治疗前等效球镜度（-0.93±0.43）D,治疗后（-0.90±0.42）D,治疗后2 组差异具有统计学意义（t =19.68,P=0.002）。结论：噻吗心胺滴眼液用于治疗准分子激光手术后屈光回退是安全有效的。     

臂间收缩压差对原发性青光眼视野进展的影响

目的：探讨臂间收缩压差（IASBPD）对眼压已控制的原发性青光眼患者视野损害进展的影响。方法： 前瞻性临床研究。选择2013年8月至2018年11月就诊于长沙爱尔眼科医院的原发性青光眼患者69例 （69眼）,均行5次以上视野检查。根据Humphrey视野计的青光眼进展引导分析（GPA）结果分为视野 进展组和视野无进展组,对所有受检者进行多次双臂序贯血压测量。采用两独立样本t检验、Fisher's 精确概率法及Logistic回归进行数据分析。结果：最终纳入患者34例（34眼）,其中视野进展组15例 （15眼）,无进展组19例（19眼）,2组的IASBPD分别为（10.6±9.0）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）、 （5.3±2.8）mmHg,视野进展组较无进展组高5.26 mmHg（95%可信区间为0.14～10.37 mmHg）,差 异有统计学意义（t=-2.177,P=0.045）。2组间脉压差、平均动脉压、舒张期眼灌注压差异均无统 计学意义（t=0.946、-1.118、-1.967,P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示IASBPD≥10 mmHg 是视野进展的一个危险因素（OR=20.310,P=0.022）。将患者分为IASBPD<10 mmHg组（26眼）和 IASBPD≥10 mmHg组（8眼）,2组的视野进展率分别为30.8%和87.5%,2组的视网膜神经纤维层厚 度进展率分别为42.3%和87.5%,差异均具有统计学意义（P=0.011、0.030）。结论：IASBPD增大可能 是眼压已控制的原发性青光眼患者视野进展的危险因素之一。     

沈阳市眼健康筛查人群眼压分布

目的：分析沈阳地区30岁及以上眼健康筛查人群眼压的分布特征。方法：横断面调查研究。收集 2016年3─9月在沈阳市第四人民医院健康体检中心预约进行体检的30岁及以上的本地城市居民， 按登记的居住地所属辖区分布，进行分层随机抽样。所有被纳入者在全身健康体检时增加生活视 力、眼压和免散瞳眼底照相检查。眼压测量采用非接触眼压计，测量3次取平均值。眼压>21 mmHg （1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）且不伴有眼底异常者定义为可疑高眼压征。眼底照相存在2项及以上青光眼性 视神经改变者定义为可疑青光眼。采用t检验和方差分析比较不同性别和年龄人群眼压分布的差异。 结果：共纳入15 303例，最终12 374例被检者的数据用于结果分析，包括11 296例（91.3%）眼部健康者、 801例（6.5%）可疑高眼压征和277例（2.2%）可疑青光眼。健康组被检者年龄为（50±13）岁，双眼平均眼压为（16.2±2.2）mmHg，左眼眼压（16.3±2.3）mmHg，高于右眼的（16.0±2.3）mmHg（t=-19.813， P<0.001）；女性眼压为（16.1±2.3）mmHg，高于男性的（15.9±2.3）mmHg（t=-3.264，P=0.001）；眼压随年龄增加呈下降趋势（F=29.729，P<0.001）。可疑高眼压征人群年龄为（49±13）岁，右眼眼压 为（21.7±2.3）mmHg，性别及年龄对眼压分布无显著影响。可疑青光眼人群年龄为（56±13）岁，右眼眼压为（18.0±4.0）mmHg，显著高于健康组的眼压，且低于可疑高眼压征（F=2300，P<0.001）。 可疑青光眼人群中单眼或双眼眼压>21 mmHg者仅为16.6%，不同性别和年龄在个体间的眼压水平差异无统计学意义。结论：沈阳地区成年健康人群的眼压随年龄增加而降低，女性眼压高于男性。 单纯眼压测量在青光眼筛查中的诊断价值有限，建议联合眼底照相，以提高特异性和准确性。     

Schlemm管为基础的青光眼内引流手术术后眼压分布特征

目的：分析以Schlemm管为基础的各类型青光眼内引流手术术后眼压分布特征。方法：回顾性系列病例研究。选取2015年6月至2019年1月于温州医科大学附属眼视光医院行以Schlemm管为基础的青光眼内引流手术（黏小管成形术和穿透性黏小管成形术）的患者资料,入选其中随访时间≥6个月, 且末次随访在未用药情况下眼压≤21 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）患者,分析患者的眼压分布特征。各类型青光眼的眼压比较采用单因素方差分析。结果：共纳入患者204例（236眼）,术前眼压为 （33.4±12.1）mmHg,用药（2.7±1.2）种。术后末次随访时（6个月及以上）眼压为（13.9±3.3）mmHg。 其中眼压分布在5～10 mmHg有37眼（15.7%）,分布在>10～12 mmHg有43眼（18.2%）,分布在 >12～15 mmHg有78眼（33.1%）,分布在>15～18 mmHg有56眼（23.7%）,分布在>18～21 mmHg有 22眼（9.3%）。原发性开角型青光眼（85眼）、原发性闭角型青光眼（30眼）、继发性青光眼（76眼）和先天性青光眼（45眼）的末次随访眼压分别为（13.9±3.2）（14.5±3.0）（14.0±3.3）（13.2±3.7）mmHg, 各类型青光眼总体眼压差异无统计学意义（F=1.011,P=0.289）。对于原发性开角型青光眼,早、中、 晚期青光眼的目标眼压达标率分别为82.4%、81.8%、36.8%。结论：以Schlemm管为基础的青光眼内引流手术术后平均眼压为14 mmHg,80%的早、中期以及1/3的晚期原发性开角型青光眼患者可以达到目标眼压。     

准分子激光角膜屈光手术与眼压

准分子激光角膜屈光手术是目前治疗屈光不正的主要手术方式,在改善视力的同时,我们更关心眼压和准分子激光角膜屈光手术的相互关系。本文就准分子激光角膜屈光手术的分类,24h眼压波动,术前、术后角膜厚度、曲率与眼压关系,高度近视合并青光眼的诊断,屈光回退及近视进展与眼压的关系,糖皮质激素性高眼压或青光眼做一综述,对眼科临床的诊断和治疗方面都具有重要意义。     

PACG患者青白联合手术后的屈光状态及影响因素

目的：探讨原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者行青光眼白内障联合手术后3个月的屈光状态以及相 关影响因素。方法：前瞻性临床研究。选择2018年12月至2019年9月于吉林大学第二医院眼科中 心行小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶状体植入术（简称青白联合术）的PACG合并白内障 患者51例（51眼）。术前用药后眼压≤21 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）患者作为正常眼压组（24例）, >21 mmHg作为高眼压组（27例）。所有患者术前使用AL-scan测量前房深度（ACD）、眼轴长度（AL）、 角膜曲率,并通过该仪器内置的SRK-T公式预测术后屈光度。随访至术后3个月行综合验光。根据 术后屈光误差（RE）将患者分为近视误差组（RE<-0.5 D）、远视误差组（RE>0.5 D）、无屈光误差组 （-0.5 D≤RE≤0.5 D）。正常眼压组与高眼压组患者术后屈光误差分布比较采用卡方检验,近视误 差组与远视误差组患者术前生物参数比较采用独立样本t检验,手术前后生物参数比较采用配对样 本t检验。结果：正常眼压组患者术后近视误差4例（17%）,远视误差3例（12%）,无屈光误差17例（71%）; 高眼压组患者近视误差7例（26%）,远视误差16例（59%）,无屈光误差4例（15%）。高眼压组患者 术后AL缩短程度大于正常眼压组患者,组间差异有统计学意义（t=-4.308,P<0.001）。远视误差组 患者术前ACD浅于近视误差组患者,术前AL短于近视误差组患者,组间差异比较均有统计学意 义（t=3.226,P=0.03;t=4.993,P<0.001）;近视误差组与远视误差组间的角膜曲率差异无统计学意义 （t=-1.143,P=0.263）。术后RE与术前ACD、AL均呈负相关（r=-0.32,P=0.023;r=-0.52,P<0.001）, 与术前角膜曲率无相关性（r=0.15,P=0.101）。结论：相对于术前眼压正常的PACG患者,术前高眼 压患者青白联合术后屈光误差发生的比例更高,且大多是远视屈光误差。另外,PACG患者青白联 合术后总体上存在术前ACD越浅,AL越短,术后屈光状态越倾向于远视的趋势。     

高度近视准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术后并发开角型青光眼的早期诊断

目的探讨高度近视行准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术（LASIK）后开角型青光眼患者的临床特征。方法回顾性分析2008年7月-2009年6月以屈光回退或眩光为主诉复诊的高度近视行LASIK术后患者13例25眼的临床资料;所有患者屈光回退现象均发生存术后2a,其中男8例,女5例;平均年龄30．1岁,均进行视力、屈光度、角膜地形图、Goldman眼压、眼轴、视野及OCT检查,原发性开角型青光眼的诊断依据全国青光眼学组建议的诊断标准,所有患者术前均签署知情同意书。结果12例23眼中,术后平均回退屈光度为（-1．57±0．36）D,裸眼视力0．42±0．14;1例患者双眼眩光加重,瞳孔散大,直径为4．5～5．0mm,夜间瞳孔直径为5．8～6．1mm;6例12眼术后校正眼压为21—26mmHg,合并有视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）变薄及相应的青光眼典型视野改变;7例13眼屈光回退者中OCT检查RNFL变薄者3例5眼,用眼过度致视疲劳者4例8眼。结论高度近视患者行LASIK 2a后出现视力下降及眩光现象,且单纯以屈光回退及光学区过小无法解释者,要考虑到并发开角型青光眼的可能。     

微导管辅助的内路部分黏小管成形联合内路部分小梁切开术与内路全周小梁切开术的早期疗效对比

目的 评估微导管辅助的内路部分小梁切开术联合内路部分黏小管成形术（简称GABiC）治疗原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）的疗效。设计 回顾性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2018年6月至2019年1月北京同仁医院18岁以上既往无其他抗青光眼手术史POAG患者30例（30眼）。方法 回顾行GABiC术与微导管辅助的内路360°小梁切开术（GATT）患者的病例资料,术后随访3个月。主要指标 眼压、降眼压药物用药情况、并发症、条件成功率、完全成功率。结果GABiC组7眼;GATT组23眼。术后3个月,GABiC组和GATT组眼压分别为17.0 ± 2.2 mmHg和14.7 ± 3.0 mmHg（P=0.081）;用降眼压药物分别为（0.3±0.8）种、（0.1±0.4）种（P=0.865）;绝对成功率分别为86% （6/7例）和83% （19/23例）（P=1.000）;条件成功率分别为100% （7/7例）和96% （22/23例）（P=1.000）。术后眼压反弹分别为14%、48%（P=0.193）,睫状体脱离分别为100%、100%,前房出血分别为57%、87%（P=0.120）。结论 短期随访结果显示,GABiC治疗POAG的效果和安全性与GATT无显著性差异。（眼科,2020,29： 304-308）     

噻吗洛尔眼液对准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术后屈光回退的疗效分析

目的分析总结马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液（Timolol）对准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术（laser epithelial keratomileusis．LASEK）术后屈光回退的治疗效果。方法选取2006年1月至2007年6月在我院屈光手术中心接受LASEK手术治疗的近视患者734例（1410眼）,随访一年余。发生屈光回退的患者有50例（88眼）．随机分为两组：一组使用马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液进行治疗,另一组（即对照组）使用双氯芬酸钠眼液治疗。治疗时间均为2周,治疗结束后将噻吗洛尔组与对照组的各项指标（视力提高行数、眼压变化程度）进行分析比较。结果视力提高行数：噻吗洛尔组视力提高-1-4行,平均（1．67±1．16）行;对照组提高-2～2行,平均（-0．12±0．93）行;行成组t检验显示,两组差异有非常显著的统计学意义（f=5．161,P〈0．01）。眼压变化：噻吗洛尔组治疗前后眼压下降1～3mmHg,平均（1．51±0．34）mmHg,对照组治疗前后眼压下降-1～1mmHg,平均（0．53±0．38）mmHg;行成组t检验显示,两组差异有非常显著的统计学意义（t=12．77,P〈0．01）。结论马来酸噻吗洛尔眼液对LASEK术后的屈光回退有一定的治疗效果。     

眼压对青少年近视进展的影响

目的：探讨不同眼压水平对青少年近视进展的影响。方法：前瞻性队列研究。选取2014 年7 月至2015 年12 月就诊于长沙爱尔眼科医院的6～18 岁儿童青少年近视患者112 例（112 眼）。根据基线平均眼压（IOP）值分成3组：高眼压组（21 mmHg < 平均IOP < 30 mmHg）、中等眼压组（15 mmHg<平均IOP≤21 mmHg）和低眼压组（10 mmHg < 平均IOP≤15mmHg）。每6个月随访1次,共3次;记录24 h IOP、等效球镜度（SE）、眼轴长度（AL）和中央角膜厚度（CCT）。组间IOP、SE、AL比较采用单素方差分析,随访中IOP、SE、AL及各指标进展值采用重复测量的方差分析,并采用Logistic回归分析可能导致近视进展的影响因素。结果：最终103 例完成随访研究。青少年SE进展程度为：高眼压组（-0.87±0.90）D/年,中等眼压组（-0.59±0.89）D/年,低眼压组（-0.33±0.32）D/年（F=5.848,P=0.017）。AL的增长情况为：高眼压组（0.40±0.29）mm/年,中等眼压组（0.18±0.31）mm/年和低眼压组（0.17±0.30）mm/年（F=5.265,P=0.007）。平均IOP较高的青少年更可能发生SE的进展（OR=0.454,95%CI=0.317～0.716,P=0.007）,而年龄较小的儿童青少年其AL更容易延长（OR=1.433,95%CI=0.994～1.506,P=0.015）。结论：IOP水平较高的儿童青少年近视进展较快,表现在SE的增加和AL的延长,说明IOP水平在儿童青少年近视进展中起到了重要的作用。     

Visual Field Responses to a Hand Vibration Stimulus

Two short visual field tests were performed on 106 subjects approximately 5 minutes apart with or without a hand vibration stimulus between the field tests. There were 31 eyes in the control group (10 without glaucoma, eight glaucoma suspects, 10 with primary open-angle glaucoma, and three with secondary open-angle glaucoma). There were 75 eyes in the hand vibration group (16 without glaucoma, 20 glaucoma suspects, 25 with primary open-angle glaucoma, eight with secondary open-angle glaucoma, three with normal-tension glaucoma, and three with other forms of glaucoma). Average visual field sensitivities were significantly reduced in the arcuate zones after a hand vibration stimulus (−0.42 dB; SD, 1.26 dB) when compared with sensitivities in the arcuate zones in subjects without the hand vibration stimulus (+0.38 dB; SD, 1.53 dB; P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in this response in the arcuate zone associated with use of betaxolol (P = 0.021) and timolol (P = 0.047). Betaxolol was associated with significantly smaller reductions in visual field sensitivities in the paracentral zone (P = 0.01). Reductions in visual field sensitivities that may be related to ocular vasospasm occurred after a hand vibration stimulus. This response may be able to be modified pharmacologically with topical β-blockers, particularly betaxolol.     

Visual field progression in patients with initially unilateral visual field loss from chronic open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: To investigate visual field progression in patients with initially unilateral glaucomatous visual field loss, and to determine risk factors for progression. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, or pigmentary glaucoma, seen over an 18-month period, who initially had unilateral visual field loss as defined by use of modified Anderson criteria. Patients were followed with standard Humphrey perimetry for a minimum of 2 years. METHODS: Progression was defined by use of modified Anderson criteria, and Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study scores. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Visual field progression. RESULTS: Three patients (6.2%) had fellow eye progression over a mean follow-up of 76 months and duration of disease of 8.7 years. Fellow eye progression correlated with progression of the first-affected eye (P = 0.044). Ten patients (21%) had progression of the first-affected eye; these eyes had a larger initial cup/disc ratio compared with stable eyes (P = 0.041). Increasing initial AGIS score was associated with progression (P: = 0.003). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the risk of progression at 5 years to be 25% in first-affected eyes and 7.2% in fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the risk of fellow eye progression in patients with initially unilateral visual field loss from open-angle glaucoma is low. Progression is higher in eyes with visual field loss at initial testing, and the risk of progression increases as the level of initial visual field loss increases.     

Visual field change in low-tension glaucoma over a five-year follow-up

There is some evidence that the nature and progression of disease in low-tension glaucoma may be distinct from other open-angle glaucomas. The authors assessed visual field change by retrospective case review of all patients treated for low-tension glaucoma by the Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, for at least 5 years. Sixty-two glaucomatous eyes of 36 patients were identified. All eyes were treated medically and 40 (65%) underwent at least one surgical procedure. Twenty-eight eyes (47%) had initial field loss confined to a single hemi-field and in the remainder both hemi-fields were involved. Thirty of 57 eyes (53%) showed progression at 3 years and 38 (62%) of 57 had progressed by 5 years. A dense scotoma extending from the nasal periphery toward fixation was the most common visual field defect. The rate of field change in this population is significantly greater than in a cohort of primary open-angle glaucoma patients also seen at Wills Eye Hospital, but who had elevated intraocular pressures. Patterns of field loss and rate of progression in this low-tension glaucoma population suggest that the natural history of low-tension glaucoma differs from high-tension open-angle glaucoma.     

Increased rate of visual field loss associated with larger initial visual field threshold values on follow-up of open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: To determine the changes in the visual field over time and the factors that contribute to these changes on follow-up of open-angle glaucoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From a retrospective review of patients' charts and visual fields, 30 eyes from 30 patients with open-angle glaucoma with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up were chosen. Visual fields were obtained with the Octopus perimeter about every 4 months. Regression analysis was used to obtain the slope for all the threshold values for each eye for the total field and nine different regions over time. Optic disc area was measured from single fundus photographs obtained at the beginning of the period of observation. RESULTS: The open-angle glaucomas were observed for a mean of 6.7 +/- 2.3 years. The number of visual fields per eye was 20.7 +/- 8.0. The mean threshold value of the total field for the first three visual fields was 18.0 +/- 5.2 dB. The visual fields of the 30 eyes with a mean intraocular pressure of 18 +/- 2 mm Hg during follow-up showed a significant decrease in their visual field slope of -0.384 dB/y for the total visual field. On multivariate analysis, the slope or rate of visual field loss was significantly correlated with the average of the first three initial visual field thresholds for the total visual field, temporal, and central regions so that the greater the threshold value the more rapid the rate of the visual field loss. For the total visual field and for the nasal, superior nasal, and temporal regions with lower initial threshold values, the rate of visual field loss was curvilinear with the rate of visual field loss increasing at greater initial mean threshold values. The other regions of the visual field showed a linear increasing rate of visual field loss with larger initial threshold values. Other factors significantly associated with progression of visual field loss were refractive error, race, the slope of the pulse rate, and the mean percent false positives and false negatives for initial to final observations. The mean and the slope of intraocular pressure from initial to final observation were not significant variables. CONCLUSION: In open-angle glaucomas observed for 6.7 +/- 2.3 years, there was a more rapid rate of visual field loss associated with larger initial threshold values and a less rapid rate of visual field loss associated with smaller initial threshold values indicating that the progression of visual field loss is greater in an earlier stage of disease.     

内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术治疗原发性开角型青光眼的短期疗效

目的 对比内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术和单纯内路小梁切开术治疗合并白内障的原发性开角型青光眼（primary open angle glaucoma，POAG）的早期手术效果和并发症。设计 病例对照研究。研究对象2018年3月至2019年3月在北京同仁眼科中心住院手术治疗的合并白内障的POAG患者36例（36眼）。方法 根据患者选择的手术方式，将患者分为两组：行内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术的POAG患者12例（12眼）为观察组，行内路小梁切开术的POAG患者24例（24眼）为对照组。记录并比较两组患眼术前、术后1、2、3、5天、1周、1个月时眼压、视力、并发症和使用降眼压药的种类。主要指标 眼压、视力、并发症和降眼压药物种类。结果 观察组和对照组术前最高眼压分别为（34.08±8.21）mmHg和（37.75±8.61）mmHg（P=0.46）,观察组术后第1天、1周、1个月的平均眼压分别为（20.75±11.89）mmHg、（21.23±8.72）mmHg、（15.00±2.22） mmHg，对照组术前、术后第1天、1周、1个月的平均眼压分别为（16.08±5.63）mm Hg、（22.08±11.48）mmHg、（16.05±5.25）mmHg，两组术后眼压整体变化趋势随时间降低（P<0.001）,两组间术后眼压波动虽然存在差异，但是无统计学意义（P=0.77）。观察组和对照组术后1个月降眼压幅度分别为53.09%±15.19%和55.68%±15.63%（P=0.64）。观察组和对照组术前降眼压药物使用种类分别为（2.67±0.99） 种和（3.08±0.72）种（P=0.16），术后1个月时分别下降至（0.17±0.58）种和（0.96±1.33）种（P=0.06）。观察组和对照组组术后眼压反跳发生率分别为16.67%和54.17%（P=0.03）。前房积血为术后最常见的并发症, 观察组发生率为83.3%，对照组为62.5%（P=0.21)。观察组和对照组睫状体脱离发生率分别为25.0%和75.0%（P=0.004）。观察组中，8眼（66.7%）术后生活视力提高，4眼（33.3%）视力恢复至术前水平，0眼视力降低；对照组中，20眼（83.3%）术后生活视力恢复至术前水平，4眼（16.7%）视力降低（P<0.001）。结论 对于合并白内障的开角型青光眼患者，内路小梁切开联合白内障超声乳化吸除术和单纯内路小梁切开术在术后1个月时降眼压作用相似。联合手术术后视力改善明显，眼压反跳发生率较单纯内路小梁切开术低，是一种安全有效的手术方式，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

Anisometropia and degree of optic nerve damage in chronic open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: To address the question of whether the refractive error plays a role in the amount of optic nerve damage in glaucoma, we intraindividually compared inter-eye differences in refractive error with inter-eye differences in parameters indicating the degree of glaucomatous optic nerve damage, and we interindividually correlated refractive error with neuroretinal rim area and visual field loss.DESIGN: Comparative clinical observational study.METHODS: This comparative clinical observational study was conducted in a university eye hospital. The study included 1,444 eyes of 876 patients with primary or secondary chronic open-angle glaucoma. Patients with a highly myopic refractive error (> or = -8 diopters) were excluded, owing to differences in the anatomy of the optic nerve head. Color stereo optic disk photographs were taken and morphometrically evaluated. The main outcome measures were refractive error, neuroretinal rim area, horizontal and vertical cup/disk diameter ratios, and visual field loss.RESULTS: In an interindividual statistical analysis, area of neuroretinal rim, horizontal and vertical cup/disk diameter ratios, and mean visual field loss were not significantly (P >.10) correlated with refractive error. In an intraindividual comparison, inter-eye differences in refractive error were not significantly (P >.05) correlated with inter-eye differences in neuroretinal rim area and mean visual field defect. The eye with the more myopic refractive error and the contralateral eye with the less myopic refractive error did not vary significantly in neuroretinal rim area and mean visual field defect.CONCLUSIONS: For nonhighly myopic (< -8 diopters) patients with primary or secondary chronic open-angle glaucoma, the refractive error may not play a major role for the amount of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. For nonhighly myopic (< -8 diopters) patients with primary or secondary chronic open-angle glaucoma, myopia may not be an important risk factor for glaucoma.     

Predictive factors for progressive optic nerve damage in various types of chronic open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether various types of chronic open-angle glaucoma differ in predictive factors for progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. METHODS: SETTING: Prospective observational clinical study. PATIENTS: 517 eyes of 300 Caucasian patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (primary open-angle glaucoma, n = 289; secondary open-angle glaucoma, n = 50) and with normal intraocular pressure (n = 178). OBSERVATION PROCEDURE: During follow-up (median: 49 months, 6 months-130 months), all patients underwent repeated evaluation of color stereo optic disk photographs and white-on-white visual field examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Progression of glaucoma was defined as neuroretinal rim loss during the study period. RESULTS: For patients with elevated intraocular pressure, significantly predictive factors for eventual progression were older age, advanced perimetric damage, smaller neuroretinal rim, and larger area of beta zone of parapapillary atrophy. In contrast, in the normal intraocular pressure group, a significant predictive factor was presence of disk hemorrhages at baseline. Within the patients with elevated intraocular pressure, the primary open-angle glaucoma group and the secondary open-angle glaucoma group did not differ in predictive factors for progression of glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS: Open-angle glaucoma patients with normal intraocular pressure and open-angle glaucoma patients with elevated intraocular pressure differ in predictive factors for eventual progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. It may have clinical importance and may be helpful in the discussion of the pathogenesis of the glaucomas.     

比较两种人工晶状体矫正老视效果的临床研究

目的比较非对称区域折射型多焦点人工晶状体(IOL)与衍射型三焦点IOL治疗年龄相关性白内障的疗效。 方法回顾性研究。收集2016年11月至2018年6月于成都爱尔眼科医院白内障中心行超声乳化白内障吸除联合IOL植入术57例(57只眼)患者的病历资料。其中,男性28例(28只眼),女性29例(29只眼);年龄50~76岁,平均年龄(63.3±5.5)岁。按照植入IOL的类型将患者分为区域折射组和衍射三焦组。检查并记录两组患者术前与术后3个月的术眼屈光度、裸眼远距离视力(UDVA)、裸眼中距离视力(UIVA)、裸眼近距离视力(UNVA)、最佳矫正远视力(BCDVA)、客观散射指数(OSI)、调制传递函数截止空间频率(MTF cutoff)、斯特列尔比值(SR)以及对比度视力。根据中文版VF-14视功能指数量表对上述指标进行评分,并对患者进行问卷调查。两组患者患眼的眼轴长度、角膜散光、术前UDVA、术前BCDVA、术后OSI、MTF cutoff、SR及中文版VF-14视功能指数量表评分等指标采用均数±标准差表示,并以独立样本t检验进行比较。UDVA、UIVA、UNVA、BCDVA及对比度视力采用中位数和四分位数间距表示。采用Mann-Whitney U检验,比较两组患者术后3个月术眼的UDVA、UIVA、UNVA、BCDVA以及对比度视力。 结果区域折射组和衍射三焦组患者的术后球镜屈光度分别为-0.75 D~+0.50 D和-0.50 D~+1.00 D。两组患者球镜屈光度位于-0.50 D~+0.50 D区间者占比的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.000,P>0.05)。两组患者术后柱镜屈光度分别为0.00 D~-0.75 D和0.00 D~-1.00 D。两组患者柱镜屈光度位于-0.75 D~-1.00 D者占比的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.459,P>0.05)。区域折射组患者术后的UDVA、UIVA、UNVA及BCDVA分别为0.10(0.00,0.10)、0.20(0.20,0.20)、0.20(0.10,0.20)及0.00(0.00,0.10);衍射三焦组患者术后分别为0.05(0.00,0.10)、0.20(0.10,0.20)、0.10(0.10,0.20)及0.00(0.00,0.05)。经Mann-Whitney U检验,两组患者术后UDVA、UNVA和BCDVA的比较,差异无统计学意义(Z＝-0.169,-1.265,-1.410;P>0.05);UIVA的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z＝-2.708,P<0.05)。区域折射组患者术后的OSI、MTF cutoff及SR分别为(1.9±0.7)、(24.755±7.751)c/deg和(0.126±0.029);衍射三焦组患者术后分别为(1.6±0.7)、(35.813±9.984)c/deg和(0.195±0.083)。经t检验,两组患者MTF cutoff和SR的比较,差异有统计学意义(t＝-5.419,-4.822;P<0.05);OSI的比较,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.959,P>0.05)。区域折射组患者术后在100%、20%和9%对比度下的对比度视力分别为0.70(0.60,0.90)、0.50(0.40,0.60)和0.30 (0.20,0.30);衍射三焦组分别为1.20(0.95,1.50)、0.70(0.60,0.90)和0.50(0.30,0.70)。经Mann-Whitney U检验,两组患者对比度视力的比较,差异有统计学意义(Z＝-4.882,-4.829,-3.676;P<0.05)。区域折射组与衍射三焦组的中文版VF-14视功能指数量表评分分别为(94.39±4.74)分与(96.86±3.63)分,两者比较的差异无统计学意义(t＝-0.075,P>0.05)。区域折射组与衍射三焦组眩光的发生率分别为10.7%与6.9%。两组近脱镜率和眩光发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.181,0.002;P>0.05)。区域折射组与衍射三焦组轻度光晕的发生率分别为3.57%与27.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.505,P<0.05)。 结论两种老视矫正型IOL均能为年龄相关性白内障患者提供较好的全程视力,术后患眼屈光度可预测性好,而衍射型三焦点IOL客观视网膜成像质量的评估方面较区域折射型多焦点IOL略好。     

Association between Nocturnal Blood Pressure Reduction and Progression of Visual Field Defect in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Normal-Tension Glaucoma

Purpose To assess prospectively the relationship between nocturnal blood pressure reduction (dip) and progression of the visual field defect in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Patients and Methods The subjects studied were 38 patients with glaucoma (23 patients with NTG, 15 patients with POAG), in whom 48-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was conducted, who were followed for at least 4 years, and in whom reliable visual field tests were performed at least 5 times. The progression was determined by the mean deviation (MD) slope analysis system installed in the Humphrey field analyzer Statpac program. Glaucoma patients with a dip of <10% were assigned to the nondipper group, those with a dip of 10%–20% to the tipper group, and those with a dip of >20% to the extreme dipper group. The dipper group was defined as physiologic dippers, while the nondipper and the extreme dipper groups were defined as nonphysiologic dippers, to study the relationship between the disturbance of the dip and progression of the visual field defect.Results Thirteen patients showed significant progression, while 25 patients did not. There were no significant differences in the mean intraocular pressure and follow-up period between the patients with progression and those without progression. Half (7/14) of the nondippers, 20% (4/20) of the dippers, and 50% (2/4) of the extreme dippers showed progression, indicating a tendency of progression in the nondipper and the extreme dipper groups. The nonphysiologic dippers had a higher incidence of progression compared with the physiologic dippers (P = 0.05). Among the glaucoma patients in the nondipper and dipper categories only, those with progression had significantly smaller dips (P = 0.02).Conclusion These results suggest that disturbance in the physiologic dip may be involved in the progression of glaucoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:380–385 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004