芬顿试剂氧化对污泥脱水性能的影响

利用芬顿试剂调理污泥,以W_C(污泥滤饼含水率)和CST(毛细吸水时间)作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过分析污泥中各层ρ(EPS)(EPS为胞外聚合物)和上清液中小分子有机物质量浓度来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化. 结果表明:芬顿试剂调理可促进EPS氧化分解,TB-EPS(紧密结合的胞外聚合物)破解转化为LB-EPS(松散结合的胞外聚合物)和S-EPS(上清液层胞外聚合物),大幅降低W_C和CST. 试验中当pH为4,w(H₂O₂)和 w(Fe2+)均为40 mg/g时,ρ(EPS)降低了33.04%,W_C和CST分别降至63.36%和28.7 s. Pearson相关性分析表明,ρ(TB-EPS)与W_C和CST均存在显著的正相关性(P＜0.01),是影响污泥脱水性能的重要因素,而ρ(LB-EPS)和ρ(S-EPS)与污泥脱水性能的相关性较低. 液相色谱分析表明,随着芬顿试剂投加量的增大,EPS等有机物分解程度增大,污泥上清液中小分子有机物种类明显增多,其质量浓度显著升高,ρ(甲酸)和ρ(乙酸)分别由原污泥的52.72、15.99 mg/L升至446.05、522.36 mg/L.      

Fenton氧化联合氧化钙调理对污泥脱水的机理研究

探讨了使用Fenton氧化联合氧化钙全过程(第一阶段:使用硫酸调节污泥p H值;第二阶段:投加Fe2+;第三阶段:投加H2O2;第四阶段:投加氧化钙)对污泥脱水效果及物理化学性质的影响.结果表明,酸化处理可以改变絮体的大小,降低Zeta电位,分散絮体,同时去除部分胞外聚合物(EPS),进而改善了污泥脱水性能.此外,在Fenton氧化的过程中,污泥颗粒、Zeta电位、EPS和比阻(SRF)均呈现逐渐减少的趋势,同时生成氢氧化铁胶体会覆盖在污泥颗粒表面,形成保护性的硬壳,进而使污泥的脱水性能大幅提高.当加入氧化钙时,形成稳定的刚性的结构使污泥颗粒重新聚合,促使生成多孔的脱水通道.中试结果阐明,Fenton氧化过程是实现污泥的深度脱水的关键,并表明各个阶段污泥脱水过程中产生的滤液水质状况.总的来说,本研究提供了在高压下实现污泥深度脱水的新思路,包括:絮体酸溶分散与重聚-保护性氧化-骨架构建.由此看来,Fenton氧化联合氧化钙是一种相对温和且有效的污泥调理方法.     

二价铁活化过氧化钙提高剩余活性污泥的脱水性能

采用Fe²⁺活化过氧化钙(Fe²⁺/CaO₂)提高剩余污泥的脱水性能,考察初始p H值、Fe²⁺和CaO₂投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响,并进一步探究了实现污泥深度脱水的内在机制.结果表明,初始pH值为中性,Fe²⁺和CaO₂投加量(以VSS计)分别为3.31 mmol·g^-1和3.68 mmol·g^-1时,污泥的脱水效果最好,污泥比阻(SRF)和含水率(WC)分别由20.99×10¹²m·kg^-1和86.61%降低至3.91×10¹²m·kg^-1和76.15%.Fe²⁺/CaO₂的氧化使污泥微生物细胞裂解,胞内有机物释放,胞外聚合物(EPS)降解;同时,Fe³⁺促使污泥颗粒再絮凝形成致密、多孔的絮体结构,有利于EPS结合水释放,实现污泥深度脱...     

Fenton试剂与CPAM联合调理对污泥脱水效果的影响研究

含水率是影响污泥处置效果与成本的重要因素,通过泥饼含水率、上清液COD、蛋白质、多糖质量浓度、污泥粒径等指标,研究了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和Fenton试剂单独及联合调理对污泥脱水效果的影响,初步探讨其调理机制.结果表明,CPAM阳离子度越高,脱水效果越好,且酸性条件有利于改善CPAM的污泥脱水效果.Fenton试剂H2O2投加量越高,污泥脱水效果越好.Fenton试剂与CPAM联合调理时污泥脱水效果更为显著,投加FeSO4=2 g.L-1、H2O2=6 g.L-1,污泥含水率由原泥的85.5%降低至76.7%,再投加CPAM 3 kg.t-1联合调理后污泥含水率降至74.8%.Fenton试剂对胞外聚合物的破解作用使污泥粒径变小,比表面积增大,释放部分的吸附水和内部水;CPAM与Fenton试剂的联合调理,将分散的污泥絮体凝聚,污泥平均粒径由35.16μm增至50.50μm,比表面积由未加入CPAM的0.39 m2.g-1降至0.20 m2.g-1,联合调理对污泥脱水效果的改善作用优于单一絮凝剂调理.     

不同混凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

采用无机和有机混凝剂对污泥进行调理,通过测定污泥比阻、Zeta电位以及污泥上清液中蛋白质、多糖和DNA含量,同时结合污泥上清液的三维荧光光谱分析,研究了不同混凝剂及其投加量对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明:当聚合氯化铝(PAC)、高效聚合氯化铝(HPAC)和氯化铁(FeCl3)的投加量在干污泥量的10%附近时,污泥比阻值最小,同时三维荧光强度值也最小,Zeta电位以及上清液中蛋白质、多糖和DNA的含量基本趋于稳定.无机混凝剂与有机混凝剂联合作用调理污泥后其脱水效果明显优于单一混凝剂调理.有机混凝剂与无机混凝剂投加顺序对污泥脱水性能影响显著,先投加无机混凝剂再投加有机混凝剂的脱水效果最佳,研究筛选出两种混凝剂联合作用调理污泥后,其脱水效果顺序为10%PAC+0.5%PAM>10%FeCl3+0.5%PAM>10%HPAC+0.5%PAM.     

污泥中蛋白质和多糖的分布对脱水性能的影响

为研究污泥中蛋白质和多糖的组成及空间分布对污泥可脱水性的影响,采用高温（55℃）及pH 10.0和pH 5.5控制条件,进行污泥水解酸化试验;通过离心和超声波法,对污泥中蛋白质和多糖在污泥粘液层、松散附着胞外聚合物层、紧密粘附胞外聚合物层及细胞相层的分布,并对污泥脱水性能（以毛细吸水时间表征）作了跟踪监测.结果表明,污泥中蛋白质和多糖主要分布在细胞相层.在酸性条件下（pH 5.5）,污泥高温水解酸化（第0～15 d）使其毛细吸水时间比原污泥稍大,而最终（第20 d）稍低;在碱性条件下（pH 10.0）的污泥水解酸化,则使污泥毛细吸水时间远大于原污泥.统计分析结果表明,污泥脱水性能主要受粘液层的可溶性蛋白质和蛋白质/多糖影响,几乎不受污泥中的蛋白质、多糖和蛋白质/多糖及其它EPS层中的化学组分的影响.     

活化过硫酸盐对市政污泥调理效果的影响

常规污泥脱水技术只能将市政污泥含水率降到80%左右,难以满足日益严格的污泥处理处置要求.活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基SO4·-具有强氧化性,可用于破坏污泥的絮体结构.本研究利用Fe2+活化过硫酸钠(SPS)的方法进行污泥调理,以到达改善污泥的脱水性能的目的.结果表明,当Fe2+与S2O2-8投加量(以绝干污泥计)分别为25.88 mg·g-1、80 mg·g-1(Fe2+与S2O2-8摩尔比为1.1∶1)时,污泥毛细吸水时间CST和污泥比阻SRF降低率最大,滤液中蛋白质和多糖浓度达到最大.进一步的研究表明,污泥Zeta电位值由负向正变化,颗粒比表面积增大,絮体由密集的团状变成结构松散的层状结构,污泥脱水性能提高.     

阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量和水解度对污泥脱水性能影响的研究

通过对污泥絮凝颗粒粒径分布、污泥比阻、泥饼含固率、上清液体积及其中核酸、蛋白质和总糖浓度的测定,研究了不同剂型和剂量阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对城市污泥沉降性能和脱水性能的影响及机制.结果表明,当PAM相对分子质量相同时,提高水解度能改善污泥的沉降和脱水性能;当PAM水解度相同时,提高相对分子质量亦可改善其沉降和脱水...     

活性污泥与消化污泥的脱水特性及粒径分布

对活性污泥和消化污泥的脱水特性和粒径分布进行了研究,分析了2种污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）含量的差异以及生物相的变化特征和机理.结果表明,表征脱水性能好坏的毛细吸收时间（CST）,新鲜活性污泥为9.84 s,消化污泥增加到607.5 s,消化污泥固体颗粒从悬浮液分离所需的时间变长,脱水性能变差.其原因一方面是消化过程使EPS中蛋白质和多糖降解,另一方面是大大降低了消化污泥中原生动物数量,减少了促进微生物凝聚的EPS物质向污泥中的释放.消化污泥EPS含量为123 mg/g（以干污泥计,下同）,比EPS含量为540 mg/g的活性污泥减少了77%.EPS的降解使较大的污泥颗粒分解成较小的污泥颗粒,活性污泥占体积最大的颗粒粒径是133 μm,消化污泥下降到44.6 μm,活性污泥的平均粒径是132.6 μm,消化污泥仅为70.48 μm,结果导致消化污泥脱水性能变差.     

Fenton预处理强化污泥脱水:胞外聚合物和黏度的特性研究

Fenton试剂具有高效破坏污泥絮体及改善污泥生物可降解性的能力,而被视为强化污泥脱水的有效手段。对Fenton预处理强化污泥脱水过程中污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)和黏度对污泥脱水性能的影响进行了研究,污泥脱水性能采用毛细吸水时间(CST)评价。结果表明:Fenton预处理时,H_2O_2添加量和m(H_2O_2)∶m(Fe~(2+))对污泥的脱水性能有重要影响,优化的污泥脱水条件为m(H_2O_2)∶m(Fe~(2+))=1∶1,H_2O_2添加量200 mg/g(VSS);m(H_2O_2)∶m(Fe~(2+))和H_2O_2添加量对污泥中EPS分布影响显著,EPS分量分布具有明显差异,可能原因为Fenton试剂对污泥絮体结构的破坏程度不同;污泥CST与EPS分量之间基本不符合线性相关,而非线性回归随H_2O_2添加量变化相关性排序为:100>150>200>25(单位为mg/g,以单位质量VSS计);污泥黏度总体上随m(H_2O_2)∶m(Fe~(2+))的增大而增加,而随H_2O_2添加量的增加逐渐下降,污泥CST值与黏度总体上呈显著正相关。     

Application of organic polymeric fiocculants in centrifugal dewatering of oil refinery sludge

In order to evaluate the applicability of the organic polymeric floeculants(OPF) in the treatment of oil refinery sludge, experimentswere conducted to show that OPF have better performance of flocculation than inorganic flocculants. Both the anionic and cationic OPF havesatisfactory flocculation efficiency in oil sludge treatment, but the latter are more cost-efficient. Among the over 20 types of flocculants tested,2OPF(CPAM-2 and HPAM-2) were selected as the treatment agents, based on their good treatment performances, oil-resistance and economicfeasibility. It was demonstrated in the industrial-scale centrifugal dewatering experiments that the application of either CPAM-2 or HPAM-2could achieve high treatment efficiency of the oil sludge dewatering and reduce the COD of centrifugal liquid to less than 1000 mg/L.     

Effects of different sludge disintegration methods on sludge moisture distribution and dewatering performance

A key step in sludge treatment is sludge dewatering. However, activated sludge is generally very difficult to be dewatered. Sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. Sludge disintegration can destroy the sludge structure and cell wall, so as change the sludge floc structure and moisture distribution, thus affecting the dewatering performance of sludge. In this article, the disintegration methods were ultrasound treatment, K2 Fe O4oxidation and KMn O4 oxidation. The degree of disintegration(DDCOD), sludge moisture distribution and the final water content of sludge cake after centrifuging were measured. Results showed that three disintegration methods were all effective, and K2 Fe O4oxidation was more efficient than KMn O4 oxidation. The content of free water increased obviously with K2 Fe O4and KMn O4 oxidations, while it decreased with ultrasound treatment. The changes of free water and interstitial water were in the opposite trend. The content of bounding water decreased with K2 Fe O4oxidation, and increased slightly with KMn O4 oxidation, while it increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. The water content of sludge cake after centrifuging decreased with K2 Fe O4oxidation, and did not changed with KMn O4 oxidation, but increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. In summary, ultrasound treatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, while K2 Fe O4and KMn O4 oxidation improved the sludge dewaterability.     

Effects of different sludge disintegration methods on sludge moisture distribution and dewatering performance

A key step in sludge treatment is sludge dewatering. However, activated sludge is generally very difficult to be dewatered. Sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. Sludge disintegration can destroy the sludge structure and cell wall, so as change the sludge floc structure and moisture distribution, thus affecting the dewatering performance of sludge. In this article, the disintegration methods were ultrasound treatment, K₂FeO₄ oxidation and KMnO₄ oxidation. The degree of disintegration (DDCOD), sludge moisture distribution and the final water content of sludge cake after centrifuging were measured. Results showed that three disintegration methods were all effective, and K₂FeO₄ oxidation was more efficient than KMnO₄ oxidation. The content of free water increased obviously with K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidations, while it decreased with ultrasound treatment. The changes of free water and interstitial water were in the opposite trend. The content of bounding water decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and increased slightly with KMnO₄ oxidation, while it increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. The water content of sludge cake after centrifuging decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and did not changed with KMnO₄ oxidation, but increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. In summary, ultrasound treatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, while K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidation improved the sludge dewaterability.     

Effects of different sludge disintegration methods on sludge moisture distribution and dewatering performance

A key step in sludge treatment is sludge dewatering. However, activated sludge is generally very difficult to be dewatered. Sludge dewatering performance is largely affected by the sludge moisture distribution. Sludge disintegration can destroy the sludge structure and cell wall, so as change the sludge floc structure and moisture distribution, thus affecting the dewatering performance of sludge. In this article, the disintegration methods were ultrasound treatment, K₂FeO₄ oxidation and KMnO₄ oxidation. The degree of disintegration (DD_COD), sludge moisture distribution and the final water content of sludge cake after centrifuging were measured. Results showed that three disintegration methods were all effective, and K₂FeO₄ oxidation was more efficient than KMnO₄ oxidation. The content of free water increased obviously with K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidations, while it decreased with ultrasound treatment. The changes of free water and interstitial water were in the opposite trend. The content of bounding water decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and increased slightly with KMnO₄ oxidation, while it increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. The water content of sludge cake after centrifuging decreased with K₂FeO₄ oxidation, and did not changed with KMnO₄ oxidation, but increased obviously with ultrasound treatment. In summary, ultrasound treatment deteriorated the sludge dewaterability, while K₂FeO₄ and KMnO₄ oxidation improved the sludge dewaterability.     

超声波联合PAM对污泥脱水性能的影响

以污泥脱水性能与沉降性能为指标,研究了超声波调理联合PAM对污泥脱水性能的影响。实验结果表明,单独使用超声波调理的最佳调理时间为20 s,此时污泥比阻为0.68×109s2/g;采用PAM对污泥进行调理时,在浓度为0.1%,投加量为100 mg/L时污泥比阻最小,为0.32×109s2/g;采用超声波与PAM联合调理时,利用正交试验得到最适合的组合条件为:调理时间20s、PAM投加量100 mg/L、浓度0.15%。     

酰基高丝氨酸内酯延缓好氧颗粒污泥解体的研究

为探究外源信号分子对好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)稳定性的影响,在SBAR系统中分别投加不同类型的酰基高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs),并分析AGS胞外聚合物(EPS)相对含量变化,采用液相色谱-质谱技术(LC-MS)分析系统中信号分子的分布,基于BugBase物种表型预测微生物种群变化.结果表明,投加C12-HSL对微生物分泌EPS有明显促进作用,EPS含量达120.78 mg·g^-1,系统运行90 d未出现颗粒解体现象,可维持AGS稳定状态;信号分子投加后C10-HSL主要分布于水相,而C12-HSL和C14-HSL更容易进入泥相;信号分子投加后种群结构变化显著,革兰氏阴性菌属丰度都有不同提升,在投加C12-HSL之后优势菌属为可塑菌属(Plasticicumulans)丰度显著增加(可达18.14%)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、梭菌属(Clostridium＿sensu＿stricto＿1).C12-HSL通过提高革兰氏阴性厌氧菌属,并促进内源C14-HSL分泌,进而使EPS相对含量增加的方式延缓好氧颗粒污泥解体.     

城市污泥电渗脱水实验研究

电渗脱水是一种能有效去除污泥中水分以实现减量的处理方法.本文采用自制电渗脱水装置进行了城市污泥的电渗脱水实验.通过监测脱水过程中电渗流量、电压梯度与剩余含水率的变化,考察了电压梯度、电极间距和处理时间的影响,并进一步分析了电渗处理过程中脱水效果变化的原因.处理中随着脱水效果由阳极向阴极发展,污泥可划分为已脱水污泥与未脱水污泥,已脱水污泥内电渗停止,电渗与水分的脱除发生在未脱水污泥内,并由未脱水污泥的电压梯度决定.已脱水污泥阻值上升,使未脱水污泥电压梯度逐渐降低,造成了电渗流量与脱水效果的衰减,并使得污泥剩余含水率由阳极至阴极逐渐增加.电渗脱水的整体效果随加载电压的增加而提高,脱水能耗亦随之增加,选取较小的电极间距时电渗脱水能效较高.     

生物淋滤法对疏浚淤泥中镉去除率及性质的影响

针对疏浚淤泥黏粒含量高、呈弱碱性的特性,采用疏浚淤泥和城市污水厂污泥共同驯化培养硫细菌接种液,研究生物淋滤过程对高污泥浓度的疏浚泥浆中镉的去除率、脱水性能和沉降性能的影响.结果表明:底物硫粉和FeSO4·7H2O共同用于生物淋滤能有效脱除淤泥中镉,同时可显著改善淤泥的脱水和沉降性能.当硫粉浓度为5g/L, FeSO4·7H2O浓度为15g/L,接种量为20%时,淋滤效果最好,淤泥中镉去除率达到88.68%,在此条件下,淤泥的离心脱水率和滤饼含水率分别为75%和33.47%,最终沉降距离最大.