压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的径向振动

对由压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环组成的复合振动系统的径向振动特性进行了研究。首先分析了压电陶瓷圆环和金属圆环的径向振动,推出了其各自的机电等效电路。在此基础上,得出了压电陶瓷圆环与金属圆环复合振动系统的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了系统的共振及反共振频率、有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的关系。研究表明,当复合振动系统的壁厚比增大时,其共振及反共振频率升高。对于换能器的第一阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大而单调减小;对于换能器的第二阶径向振动,其有效机电耦合系数随壁厚比的增大会出现一个极大值,而且,在一定的壁厚比范围内,换能器第二阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数大于第一阶径向振动的有效机电耦合系数,这一规律与传统的有关压电换能器的分析理论及结果是有所不同的。     

切向极化压电陶瓷细长圆棒的扭转振动研究

利用压电材料的压电及运动方程，本文研究了切向极化压电陶瓷细长棒的扭转振动，分析了扭转振动压电陶瓷细棒中扭转角及扭矩的分布规律，推出了扭转振动压电陶瓷振子的机电等效电路，并得出了振子的共振及反共振频率方程，为扭转振动超声换能器的设计及计算奠定了一定的理论基础。     

压电陶瓷的极化反转过程

利用阻抗分析仪和重复迭代法，对Ｐｂ（Ｍｇ１／３Ｎｂ２／３）０．１２５Ｔｉ０．４２Ｚｒ０．４５５Ｏ３压电陶瓷的极化反转过程进行了研究。实验数据显示出了铁电畴随电场变化的整个开关过程，发现极化反转前后压电性有着明显的不对称性，这一异常现象是和场诱应变、电滞回线数所相互对应的。经比较研究后认为，影响极化反转前后压电对称性的机理是空间电荷在晶粒表面积聚形成内偏置电场，由此建立的理论模型可以作出合理的解释。     

压电圆环晶片堆的径向振动分析

通过理论分析、数值计算、实验测量研究压电圆环晶片堆的径向振动,应用压电本构方程,通过求解晶片堆的导纳,取其最大,推导压电圆环晶片堆的共振频率方程。采用数值法对理论方程进行模拟计算,用阻抗测量和激光扫描測振实验测量单片圆环和晶片堆的共振频率,并与理论计算进行比较,结果吻合较好,误差小于1.5%。     

轴向极化的层合压电圆柱壳的自由振动

从轴向极化的三维圆柱型正交各向异性压电弹性力学基本方程出发,建立了状态方程。采用细分近似方法,得到了状态变量解。分析了两端简支的层合压电圆柱壳的自由振动问题,给出了频率方程的精确形式,并作了具体计算。     

压电陶瓷复合材料振动发电研究

根据仿真设计和计算结果,制备了悬臂梁结构压电陶瓷复合材料,并考察了其振动发电性能。对复合材料的内外阻抗进行匹配,获得了最大的功率输出并在最佳阻抗匹配条件下,研究了振动发电性能与激励振幅和频率的关系。研究结果表明,压电复合材料的振动发电功率随着激励振幅的增大呈二阶增大,随着激励频率的增大呈线性增大。     

阶梯型径向振动环形变幅器的振动特性

文中首先对各向同性弹性薄圆环的径向振动进行了研究,得出了其等效电路。在此基础上,对由双金属圆环组成的阶梯型径向振动变幅器进行了探讨,推出了其径向振动的复合等效电路及其共振频率方程。分析了此类径向振动变幅器的共振频率及径向位移振幅放大系数与其几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。利用数值方法,对变幅器的径向振动特性进行了数值模拟,结果表明,数值结果与解析结果符合很好。     

压电陶瓷振动振幅的测量

采用激光多谱勒法测量了P4、P8和P5压电陶瓷元件的振动振幅,进而确定压电陶瓷振幅最大时的频率,并且与导纳电桥法测得的频率进行了比较。实验证实采用激光多普勒法可以准确测量压电陶瓷的振动振幅和谐振频率,并且机械品质因数Qm越大,测得的谐振频率越准确,这为评价压电陶瓷元件的质量提供了一种新的手段。     

压电陶瓷极化特性研究

使用DP-5型介电谱仪,测量由压电陶瓷材料制作的蜂鸣器的介电频率特性,验证理论猜测。实验测出压电陶瓷的极化方式与极化率与外场频率有关,随着频率的增加,压电陶瓷的离子位移极化率、电介质分子取向极化的极化率将减小,最终表现为相对介电常数减小。实验结果与理论猜测吻合。     

基于Mindlin理论的厚阶梯圆盘弯曲振动特性研究

阶梯圆盘辐射体因其辐射面积大、辐射效率高等优点在大功率超声领域获得了广泛的应用。从声学应用角度,基于Mindlin理论推导了厚阶梯圆盘在自由、固定、简支边界条件下的频率方程,并分别对频率方程进行数值求解,结果表明计算得到的频率与有限元模拟及实验测试结果基本相符。该结论为厚盘的弯曲振动辐射器的设计提供了理论参考。     

考虑土体径向位移时桩土耦合纵向振动特性及其应用

从三维轴对称土体模型出发,同时考虑土体竖向和径向位移,对完整端承桩在垂直谐和激振力作用下与土的耦合纵向振动特性进行了分析。假定桩为竖直弹性等截面体,土为线性粘弹性体,其材料阻尼为滞回阻尼。首先通过引入势函数对土体位移进行分解,从而将土体动力平衡方程解耦,求解得到了土体的振动模态形式,然后利用该解,以小应变条件下桩土接触面上力平衡和位移连续条件来考虑桩土耦合作用,求解桩的动力平衡方程,得到了桩的频域响应解析解、桩顶复刚度和速度导纳。利用所得解对土体动力反应特性和桩的纵向振动特性进行了无量纲参数分析,得到了许多新的结论。     

厚圆盘弯曲振动辐射声场指向性研究

厚盘辐射体机械强度高,横向尺寸小,在高频大功率声辐射条件被广泛应用。基于Mindin理论对厚圆盘的弯曲振动辐射声场特性进行了研究,推导出三种边界条件下厚圆盘辐射声场指向性的数值表达式,编制程序并研究其声辐射特性。结果表明,不同边界条件下的相同尺寸厚圆盘各阶指向性的尖锐程度不同,其中固定边界条件下辐射主声束角宽度最窄即指向性最尖锐,自由边界条件下主声束角宽度最宽,即指向性最不尖锐,简支边界条件次之;并且随着振动阶数和厚度的增加,各边界条件下厚圆盘的辐射声场主瓣指向性越来越尖锐,旁瓣逐渐增加,指向性变得越来越复杂。对同一频率、不同材料的厚盘,材料对其指向性的影响较小,但对同一尺寸、不同频率的厚盘,材料对其指向性的影响较大,研究结果对厚盘弯曲振动辐射体的应用提供了参考。     

恒压式径向柱塞泵定子的位移振动特性分析

恒压式径向柱塞泵的工作状态可分为恒流状态和恒压状态,而定子在这两个工作状态下表现出不同的振动频率特性.首先建立了径向柱塞泵定子的动力学模型,然后对其在两个状态下的位移振动频率特性进行分析,并设计振动测试装置对JB32H型径向柱塞泵定子的进行振动试验研究.分析及试验结果表明:无论在恒流状态还是在恒压状态,定子振动具有周期性;由于恒压控制系统的作用,恒压状态下的位移振动频带要比恒流状态下的位移振动频带窄;在恒压状态的频带范围内,恒流状态下的幅值要小于恒压状态下的幅值.研究的结果有助于柱塞泵的振动噪声控制.     

Nonlinear vibration of the piezoelectric nanobeams based on the nonlocal theory

This paper investigates the nonlinear vibration of the piezoelectric nanobeams based on the nonlocal theory and Timoshenko beam theory. The piezoelectric nanobeam is subjected to an applied voltage and a uniform temperature change. The nonlinear governing equations and boundary conditions are derived by using the Hamilton principle and discretized by using the differential quadrature (DQ) method. A direct iterative method is employed to determine the nonlinear frequencies and mode shapes of the piezoelectric nanobeams. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the influences of the nonlocal parameter, temperature change and external electric voltage on the size-dependent nonlinear vibration characteristics of the piezoelectric nanobeams.     

On free vibration of piezoelectric nanospheres with surface effect

Surface effect responsible for some size-dependent characteristics can become distinctly important for piezoelectric nanomaterials with inherent large surface-to-volume ratio. In this paper, we investigate the surface effect on the free vibration behavior of a spherically isotropic piezoelectric nanosphere. Instead of directly using the well-known Huang-Yu surface piezoelectricity theory (HY theory), another general framework based on a thin shell layer model is proposed. A novel approach is developed to establish the surface piezoelectricity theory or the effective boundary conditions for piezoelectric nanospheres employing the state-space formalism. Three different sources of surface effect can be identified in the first-order surface piezoelectricity, i.e. the electroelastic effect, the inertia effect, and the thickness effect. It is found that the proposed theory becomes identical to the HY theory for a spherical material boundary if the transverse stress components are discarded and the electromechanical properties are properly defined. The nonaxisymmetric free vibration of a piezoelectric nanosphere with surface effect is then studied and an exact solution is obtained. In order to investigate the surface effect on the natural frequencies of piezoelectric nanospheres, numerical calculations are finally performed. Our numerical findings demonstrate that the surface effect, especially the thickness effect, may have a particularly significant influence on the free vibration of piezoelectric nanospheres. This work provides a more accurate prediction of the dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric nanospherical devices in nano-electro-mechanical systems.     

Nonlinear vibration of piezoelectric nanoplates using nonlocal Mindlin plate theory

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the nonlinear vibration of piezoelectric nanoplate with combined thermo-electric loads under various boundary conditions. The piezoelectric nanoplate model is developed by using the Mindlin plate theory and nonlocal theory. The von Karman type nonlinearity and nonlocal constitutive relationships are employed to derive governing equations through Hamilton's principle. The differential quadrature method is used to discretize the governing equations, which are then solved through a direct iterative method. A detailed parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of the nonlocal parameter, external electric voltage, and temperature rise on the nonlinear vibration characteristics of piezoelectric nanoplates.     

Thermoelastic state of a two-component hollow cylinder with edge radial cracks

Stationary two-dimensional axisymmetric problems of thermal conductivity and thermoelasticity for a hollow two-component cylinder with cracks are studied by the method of singular integral equations. The cross section of the cylinder has the form of a circular concentric ring with a layer of another material that also has the form of a concentric ring and contains edge radial cracks. The surfaces of the cylinder are free of stresses. Thermal processes on these surfaces are characterized by temperature conditions of the third kind. Conditions of ideal thermal and mechanical contact are satisfied on the interface of the two media. A numerical solution is obtained for the case where the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces are kept at different constant temperatures. Stress intensity factors near the tip of one or two edge cracks were found for various values of thermal and mechanical characteristics of the cylinder.Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 76–80, July – August, 1994.