中青年患者冠状动脉介入术后服药依从性调查

目的探讨中青年患者冠状动脉介入术后服药依从性及相应的护理对策。方法入选2010年5月至2014年5月在平顶山市第二人民医院心内科因冠心病、心绞痛或心肌梗死行冠状动脉造影术,证实需行PCI术且手术成功的患者126例。术后随访12个月,失访5例,完成随访121例。其中男性102例,女性19例,年龄28~50岁。设计服药依从性评价标准,对所有患者PCI术后的服药情况进行问卷调查并分析结果。随访患者PCI术后有无再发胸痛、胸闷等症状;有无再次急性冠脉事件发生;随访期间是否再次进行血运重建。结果 121例患者PCI术后12个月内服药依从性结果为:≥15分为93例(76.9%);15分为28例(23.1%)。随访期间服药依从性好的患者胸痛、胸闷等症状及心血管不良事件的发生率较服药依从性差的患者低(5.4%vs.53.6%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大部分中青年患者冠状动脉介入术后服药依从性较好,预后较好,但部分患者服药依从性仍较差。     

冠状动脉支架术后医生电话随访对患者依从性的影响

目的探讨医生电话随访对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者戒烟依从性、服药依从性及冠状动脉支架术后复查造影的依从性的影响。方法将160例冠状动脉支架术后患者按随机数字表法随机分为随访组(80例)和对照组(80例)两组。出院时都叮嘱入选患者术后必须戒烟、长期服药和1年内返院复查冠状动脉造影。出院后只对随访组进行电话随访,出院1年后评定两组患者的依从性。结果随访组患者的戒烟依从性[90.32%(56/62)vs.75.00%(45/60),χ2=5.02,P<0.05]、服药依从性[91.25%(73/80)vs.77.50%(62/80),χ2=5.74,P<0.05]及冠状动脉支架术后复查造影依从性[90.00%(72/80)vs.76.25%(61/80),χ2=5.39,P<0.05]均较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医生电话随访对提高冠心病患者戒烟依从性、服药依从性及冠状动脉支架术后复查造影的依从性具有一定的临床意义。     

克罗恩病与肠结核临床及病理特征的对比研究

目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核(ITB)临床与病理特征,为两者鉴别诊断提供依据.方法 对1996-2007年四川大学华西医院临床、病理资料完整的33例CD和34例ITB的临床及病理资料进行同顾性分析.结果 CD出现症状到确诊的时间明显长于ITB(P<0.05),CD多因肠梗阻或诊断不明而手术,CD的便血、肠梗阻、肠外表现明显多于ITB(P值均<0.05),而盗汗、合并肺结核、低白蛋白血症和ESR升高、血清结核抗体阳性则更常见于ITB(P值均<0.05),CD患者仅累及空、回肠的情况明显多于ITB(P<0.05);CD患者内镜下纵形溃疡及鹅卵石样外观明显多于ITB(P值均<0.05),而ITB组环形溃疡更多见(P<0.05);ITB组的肉芽肿检出率(70.6%)明显高于CD组(29.4%)(P<0.05),且肉芽肿的位置有助于两者的鉴别;CD的手术标本的固有层底部/黏膜下层淋巴细胞聚集现象明显多于内镜活检标本(P<0.05).结论 尽管CD与ITB临床表现极其相似,但各自仍有一定的特征性,诊断需结合临床及病理资料进行综合分析.肉芽肿出现的几率、位置及炎症细胞分布范围与深度可作为两者病理鉴别要点.     

胃转流手术治疗2型糖尿病临床分析

2010年1月~2013年1月期间的胃转流手术108例进行回顾性分析。结果痊愈97例(89.81%),好转11例(10.18%),无效0例。出院后36个月的随访,无复发。结论胃转流手术在T2DM的治疗中效果显著;术后远期效果稳定。     

遂宁市首发缺血性脑卒中出院患者服药依从性及其影响因素研究

目的分析遂宁市首发缺血性脑卒中出院患者服药依从性及其影响因素。方法选取2016年8月—2017年2月遂宁市中心医院神经内科收治的首发缺血性脑卒中患者200例,根据出院时Morisky服药依从性量表评分分为依从性好组(Morisky服药依从性量表评分6分,n=112)和依从性差组(Morisky服药依从性量表评分≥6分,n=88)。出院后3个月、6个月、12个月进行电话随访并采用Morisky服药依从性量表评价其不同种类药物服药依从性变化;比较两组患者临床特征、出院后12个月复发情况及预后;遂宁市首发缺血性脑卒中出院患者服药依从性的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 (1)出院后3个月、6个月、12个月服用抗栓药物、他汀类药物、降压药物、降糖药物者服药依从性均呈下降趋势(P0.05)。(2)两组患者性别、年龄、居住地、婚姻状况、医疗费用支付方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者文化程度、月收入、高血压发生率、糖尿病发生率、心脏病发生率、吸烟率、饮酒率、疾病认知情况、药物认知情况、TOAST病因分型比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度[OR=0.545,95%CI(0.373,0.796)]、月收入[OR=0.589,95%CI(0.402,0.864)]、高血压[OR=6.985,95%CI(4.022,12.131)]、糖尿病[OR=3.563,95%CI(1.307,9.712)]、心脏病[OR=2.463,95%CI(1.727,3.514)]、吸烟[OR=2.195,95%CI(1.358,3.549)]、饮酒[OR=1.707,95%CI(1.312,2.221)]、疾病认知[OR=0.456,95%CI(0.213,0.975)]、药物认知[OR=0.561,95%CI(0.382,0.824)]、TOAST病因分型[OR=2.158,95%CI(1.237,3.763)]是遂宁市首发缺血性脑卒中出院患者服药依从性的影响因素(P0.05)。(4)出院后12个月依从性好组患者复发率、预后不良者所占比例低于依从性差组(P0.05)。结论随出院时间延长,遂宁市首发缺血性脑卒中出院患者抗栓药物、他汀类药物、降压药物、降糖药物服药依从性呈下降趋势;文化程度、月收入、高血压、糖尿病、心脏病、吸烟、饮酒、疾病认知、药物认知、TOAST病因分型是遂宁市首发缺血性脑卒中出院患者服药依从性的影响因素,且服药依从性差者复发率、预后不良者所占比例较高。     

克罗恩病与肠结核临床及内镜特征的鉴别分析

目的 探讨克罗恩病(CD)与肠结核(ITB)的临床及内镜特点,为两者的临别诊断提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2003年6月-2009年2月168例CD患者和156例ITB患者的临床及内镜资料.结果 CD以男性为主(男;女为108:60),肠道手术率较ITB高[(33.3%比10.9%,P<0.01)];CD的腹泻、便血、肛周疾病、肠梗阻的发生率分别为66.1%、32.1%、16.1%和28.0%.明显高于ITB组(分别为47.0%、7.7%、3.4%和9.4%,P值<0.05或<0.01);而ITB的发热、盗汗多于CD组(P值均<0.05),且伴肺结核、腹水发生率明显高于CD组(P值均<0.01);ITB的球蛋白升高、红细胞沉降率增快、结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物试验阳性率、结核抗体阳性率均高于CD组;CD患者内镜下纵行溃疡、网格状溃疡、卵石征、肠腔狭窄均多于ITB组(P值<0.01或<0.05),而ITB的环行溃疡、同盲瓣受累多见(P值<0.01或<0.05),且受累的回盲瓣常变形和开口固定.结论 CD与ITB各有其临床特点,临床特点结合内镜下卵石征、纵行溃疡、网格状溃疡、环行溃疡出现的概率、回盲瓣受累情况及形态变化是鉴别两者的重要特征.     

停用依那西普后沙利度胺对维持强直性脊柱炎患者病情缓解的影响

目的 评价停用依那西普后沙利度胺可否维持强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者病情的缓解.方法 105例经过为期12周的依那西普治疗后达到了AS疗效评价标准(ASAS)20改善标准并能定期接受随访的患者随机分为3组,第1组给予沙利度胺150 mg.每日1次,晚上口服;第2组给予柳氮磺吡啶(SASP)1.0 g,每日2次口服;第3组仅给予原先使用的非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)维持治疗.每个月定期随访1次,随访内容包括:Bath AS疾病活动性指数(BASDAI)、Bath AS功能指数(BASFI)、患者对病情的总体评价(PGA)、脊柱痛等的变化.以病情复发作为随访终点.结果 有100例患者最终完成了随访,其中沙利度胺组30例.SASP组33例,NSAIDs组37例,平均随访时间(5±4)个月,最长的患者随访了12个月.随访结束时沙利度胺组维持病情缓解率为40%(12例),SASP组为15%(5例),NSAIDs组为11%(4例),沙利度胺组的维持缓解率要显著高于SASP组(P=0.0265)和NSAIDs组(P=0.0053),而SASP组和NSAIDs组维持缓解率的差异无统计学意义(P=0.5881).结论 沙利度胺有助于停用依那西普后维持AS患者病情的缓解.     

克罗恩病和肠结核活检及手术标本的病理学特征分析148例

目的:探讨克罗恩病(Crohn's disease, CD)和肠结核(intestinal tuberculosis,ITB)活检及手术标本的病理学特征在二者鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:选取在湘雅二医院、湘雅医院、湘西自治州人民医院确诊的CD和ITB患者各55例,其中活检标本各55例;手术病理标本CD 29例,手术ITB 9例.统计每例标本的病理学特征并进行比较.结果:CD患者活检标本与ITB患者活检标本比较,黏膜下层增宽、裂隙状溃疡及肉芽肿差异均有统计学意义(37.5%vs14.0%,10.9%vs0%,10.9%vs43.6%,均P<0.05);手术标本比较,黏膜下层增宽、裂隙状溃疡、固有肌层增厚、鹅卵石征及肉芽肿差异均有统计学意义(51.7%vs11.1%,34.5%vs0%,62.1%vs11.1%,37.9%vs0%,20.7%vs77.8%,均P<0.05).结论:活检标本的病理学特征鉴别CD和ITB价值有限,手术标本病理学特征对他们有鉴别价值,但仍需结合临床、内镜及影像学检查综合诊断.     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后冠心病患者双联抗血小板药物应用时间与预后的相关性研究

目的研究PCI术后冠心病患者对双联抗血小板治疗(DAPT)的依从性及其治疗时间与临床预后的相关性。方法入选山西医科大学第二医院2011年1月至2012年1月成功行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗[均置入药物涂层支架(DES)]的冠心病患者419例,随访2年,记录患者的一般情况、危险因素、DAPT的服药依从性、时间及出院后再发主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的情况,分析患者DAPT服药依从性及时间对预后的影响。结果共随访患者412例,失访率1.7%,随访时间3~24(22.6±4.2)个月。住院PCI期间应用DAPT的患者有392例(95.1%);出院后6个月、1、2年时仍坚持应用DAPT的患者分别为374例(90.8%)、338例(82.0%)、164例(39.8%),仅使用1种抗血小板药物患者分别为23例(5.6%)、43例(10.5%)、168例(40.8%),完全停止抗血小板治疗患者分别为15例(3.6%)、31例(7.5%)、80例(19.4%)。相对非DAPT者,出院6个月、1、2年时DAPT者再发MACE均明显减少(6个月时:42.1%比9.4%,P<0.001;1年时:33.8%比7.7%,P<0.001;2年时:15.3%比7.9%,P=0.026)。与仅坚持DAPT 6个月的患者相比,坚持DAPT 1年和2年的患者再发MACE均明显减少(25.0%比7.5%,P=0.001;25.0%比7.9%,P=0.002);而坚持DAPT 1年的患者与2年患者相比,再发MACE差异无统计学意义(7.5%比7.9%,P=0.894)。结论 PCI术后冠心病患者DAPT的依从性总体良好。完全停止或仅使用一种抗血小板药物者再发MACE明显升高,且延长DAPT至2年,与1年相比并未明显降低MACE发生率。     

糖皮质激素治疗炎症性肠病的随访研究

目的 回顾性分析糖皮质激素治疗炎症性肠病(IBD)1个月的疗效及1年后的转归.方法 1998年1月至2006年9年确诊为克罗恩病(CD)患者55例,溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者154例,评估口服糖皮质激素治疗1个月和1年后的疗效.Logistic回归分析决定预后的影响因子.结果 共有21例(38.2%)CD患者和20例(13.0 %)UC患者口服糖皮质激素(2例UC患者失访).经1个月治疗后,21例CD患者中完全缓解15例(71.4%),部分缓解3例(14.3%),无效3例(14.3%);18例UC患者中,完全缓解15例(83.3%),部分缓解3例(16.7%).随访1年时,21例CD患者中,维持完全或部分缓解11例(52.4%),激素依赖6例(28.6%),被迫接受外科手术者4例(19.0%),18例UC患者中,维持完全或部分缓解11例(61.1%),激素依赖3例(16.7%),手术4例(22.2%).Logistic回归分析显示,发病时血清白蛋白水平与1年后的疗效有关(OR=1.320,95%CI:1. 032～1.690,P=0.027).结论 IBD患者对首次激素治疗有效,近期疗效良好.但无法长期维持缓解状态,亦无法降低手术风险.其预后与血清白蛋白水平相关.     

Differences in clinical features of Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of Crohn’s disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) with a scoring system that we have developed.METHODS: A total of 25 CD and 40 ITB patients were prospectively enrolled from August 2011 to July 2012.Their characteristics and clinical features were recorded. Laboratory, endoscopic, histologic and radiographic features were determined. The features with a high specificity were selected to establish a scoring system. The features supporting CD scored +1, and those supporting ITB scored-1; each patient received a final total score. A receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to determine the best cut-off value for distinguishing CD from ITB.RESULTS: Based on a high specificity of differentiating between CD and ITB, 12 features, including longitudinal ulcers, nodular hyperplasia, cobblestone-like mucosa, intestinal diseases, intestinal fistula, the target sign, the comb sign, night sweats, the purified protein derivative test, the interferon-γ release assay(T-SPOT.TB), ring ulcers and ulcer scars, were selected for the scoring system. The results showed that the average total score of the CD group was 3.12 ± 1.740, the average total score of the ITB group was-2.58 ± 0.984, the best cutoff value for the ROC curve was-0.5, and the diagnostic area under the curve was 0.997, which was statistically significant(P < 0.001). The patients whose total scores were higher than-0.5 were diagnosed with CD; otherwise, patients were diagnosed with ITB. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy rate and misdiagnosis rate of this scoring system were 97% and 3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Some clinical features are valuable for CD and ITB diagnosis. The described scoring system is key to differentiating between CD and ITB.     

克罗恩病并发肠膀胱瘘患者的临床特征及长期预后研究

目的描述克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD)并发肠膀胱瘘患者的临床特征及长期预后,并评估英夫利西单抗(Infliximab,IFX)的疗效。方法纳入2002年1月至2021年1月在北京协和医院收入院的CD并发肠膀胱瘘患者15例。通过门诊访谈或电话随访,了解患者的症状改善、瘘管愈合及腹部手术情况。结果15例患者均为男性。诊断肠膀胱瘘的年龄为(34±13)岁。主要临床症状包括气尿、粪尿(86.7%)及膀胱刺激症状(60.0%)。肠膀胱瘘最常发生于回肠(66.7%),其次是乙状结肠(26.7%)和空肠(6.7%)。除肠膀胱瘘外,11例(73.3%)患者合并其他类型肠瘘。患者中位随访时间为60(20,93)个月。7例(46.7%)患者最终进行手术,2例(13.3%)患者死亡。2例患者(13.3%)经药物治疗达到完全缓解。在接受IFX治疗的6例患者中,4例(66.7%)最终接受了手术。统计分析发现,是否使用IFX并不影响患者的无手术生存率。结论CD并发肠膀胱瘘患者的长期预后欠佳,仍以手术治疗为主,IFX治疗的确切疗效仍待进一步研究。     

Temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rates between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis

AIM To investigate the temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rate between Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) in South Korea. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients managed for CD or ITB at Asan Medical Center, a tertiary referral hospital, Seoul, Korea between 1996 and 2014. The temporal trends in the misdiagnosis rates between the two diseases were analyzed. The demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between CD patients who were initially misdiagnosed as ITB(final CD group) and vice versa(final ITB group). Final diagnostic criteria for ITB and medication for CD before definite diagnosis of TB were also analyzed in final ITB group.RESULTS In total, 2760 patients were managed for CD and 772 patients for ITB between 1996 and 2014. As well, 494 of the 2760 CD patients(17.9%) were initially misdiagnosed as ITB and 83 of the 772 ITB patients(10.8%) as CD. The temporal trend in misdiagnosing CD as ITB showed a decrease(OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87-0.91, P 0.001), whereas the temporal trend in misdiagnosing ITB as CD showed an increase(OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.11, P = 0.013). Age at diagnosis, presenting symptoms, and proportion of patients with active/past perianal fistula and active/inactive pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) were significantly different between final CD group and final ITB group. Forty patients(48.2%) in final ITB group were diagnosed by favorable response to empirical anti-TB treatment. Seventeen patients(20.5%) in final ITB group had inappropriately received corticosteroids and/or thiopurines due to misdiagnosis as CD. However, there were no mortalities in both groups. CONCLUSION Cases of CD misdiagnosed as ITB have been decreasing, whereas cases of ITB misdiagnosed as CD have been increasing over the past two decades.     

试验性抗结核治疗鉴别肠结核与克罗恩病的临床与内镜分析

目的探讨试验性抗结核治疗鉴别诊断肠结核与克罗恩病的评估标准及合适的判断时间点。方法回顾分析接受试验性抗结核治疗且最后得以确诊的28例肠结核（ITB）和11例克罗恩病（CD）患者在治疗过程中临床表现及肠镜下的改变。结果2组患者基线时较特异的临床特征包括活动性肺结核、PPD强阳性、肛瘘或肛周脓肿等差异均无统计学意义。抗结核治疗后2组临床症状均有改善,但3个月后ITB组无好转率为0,CD组为27．3％（P=0．004）。抗结核治疗3个月及6个月,ITB组活动性溃疡消失率＋明显好转率分别为90．9％（20／22）＋9．1％（2／22）及100％（28／28）＋0;结节样病变消失率＋明显好转率为58．8％（10／17）＋41．2％（7／17）及76．5％（13／17）＋23．5％（4／17）。而CD组在各时点活动性溃疡、结节样病变均无明显好转（P均〈0．01）。结论ITB和CD的鉴别因缺乏特异性指标,部分鉴别困难的病例仍需采用试验性抗结核治疗。试验性抗结核治疗后3个月,回结肠镜复查见活动性溃疡及结节样病变消失或明显好转,伴临床症状痊愈或明显好转可评定为试验治疗有效。     

获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发自发性气胸患者的临床特点及预后影响因素分析

目的分析获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发自发性气胸患者的临床特点及预后的影响因素。方法选取2010年6月-2018年12月首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院收治的获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发自发性气胸患者30例,根据预后情况将其分为好转组(n=12)和恶化组(n=18)。观察患者临床资料,包括性别、年龄、血清白蛋白、SMART-COP评分、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、发生气胸前开始高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)情况、吸氧治疗情况、胸腔闭式引流治疗情况、气胸位置、气胸面积、是否合并纵隔气肿、肺部影像学结果、肺部感染类型(包括肺孢子菌肺炎、肺结核、细菌性肺炎、混合感染)及预后情况。结果30例患者中男29例,女1例;平均年龄为(36.5±12.2)岁;平均血清白蛋白(30±5)g/L;平均SMART-COP评分(4.1±2.2)分;CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl 28例(93.3%);发生气胸前未开始HAART 23例(76.7%);吸氧治疗15例(50.0%),吸氧+胸腔闭式引流治疗15例(50.0%);气胸位置主要为右肺16例(53.3%);气胸面积>20%者16例(53.3%);合并纵隔气肿10例(33.3%);肺部影像学存在胸膜下气囊样病变9例(30.0%);肺部感染主要为肺孢子菌肺炎18例(60.0%);治疗好转12例(40.0%),死亡11例(36.7%),病情恶化放弃治疗自动出院7例(23.3%)。好转组患者血清白蛋白高于恶化组,SMART-COP评分低于恶化组(P<0.05);两组患者性别、年龄、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、发生气胸前未开始HAART情况、气胸治疗方式、气胸位置、气胸面积、合并纵隔气肿、肺部感染类型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多数获得性免疫缺陷综合征并发自发性气胸患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl,多合并肺孢子菌肺炎,且预后较差;肺部感染严重程度及营养状况与患者预后有关。     

肠结核与克罗恩病的临床鉴别及肠黏膜结核分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应检测的意义

目的总结肠结核与克罗恩病临床症状、内镜、病理表现的差异及肠黏膜组织结核分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应（polymerasechain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis,TB-PCR）对二者鉴别诊断的意义。方法回顾分析1994年1月-2006年2月于我院确诊的42例肠结核和60例克罗恩病病例,记录患者的临床、内镜、病理表现特点及肠黏膜TB-PCR检测结果。结果克罗恩病患者临床表现为消化道出血者占56.9%（33/58）,较肠结核（16.1%,5/31）多见（P〈0.001）;29.3%克罗恩病患者有肠外表现（口腔溃疡、皮疹、关节痛、肛周病变）,而肠结核患者未见;内镜下克罗恩病表现为纵行/裂隙样溃疡（44.9%,22/49）、卵石征（28.6%,14/49）、节段性病变（51.0%,25/49）多于肠结核（7.7%、3.9%、0）（P值分别为0.001、0.011、0.000）;克罗恩病患者肠黏膜组织病理表现为淋巴细胞聚集占34%（18/53）,小血管炎占26.4%（14/53）,明显较肠结核多见（0%、3.8%）（P值分别为0.001、0.016）。82.4%（14/17）的肠结核患者试验性抗结核1-2周症状改善,而5例克罗恩病患者试验性抗结核治疗4-8周均无效。肠黏膜组织TB-PCR检测阳性率肠结核组为11.5%（3/26）;与CD组（14.3%,3/21）比较无显著差异（P〉0.5）。结论肠结核与克罗恩病鉴别需结合临床表现、内镜、影像学表现综合判断;肠黏膜TB-PCR对肠结核与CD鉴别诊断的意义有限;试验性抗结核治疗及内镜随访仍是鉴别肠结核与克罗恩病的有效方法。     

Misdiagnosis and Mistherapy of Crohn's Disease as Intestinal Tuberculosis: Case Report and Literature Review

The differential diagnosis of Crohn''s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) remains difficult as the clinical symptoms of the 2 digestive diseases are so similar. Here we report a case where a patient was initially misdiagnosed with ITB prior to the correct CD diagnosis. The 46-year-old male patient was hospitalized elsewhere for pain in the right lower abdomen and underwent an appendectomy. The pathological diagnosis was ITB and the patient was administered antituberculosis therapy for 1 year. Afterward, the patient was readmitted to the hospital for a right lower abdominal mass. A computed tomography scan revealed intestinal gas, fistula, and abdominal mass. We performed a right hemicolectomy on the patient. Postoperatively, we diagnosed the patient with CD, based on patient history and pathological examination. According to the CD active index (CDAI), the patient was at high risk and began treatment with infliximab. The patient has remained in complete remission and made a good recovery after 8-months follow-up. We compared this case with the results of a literature review on the misdiagnosis between CD and ITB (26 previously reported cases) to determine the characteristics of misdiagnosed cases. We found that distinguishing between ITB and CD is difficult because of their varied clinical presentation, nonspecific investigative tools, and profound similarities even in pathological specimens. Although a CT scan to determine the morphology of the bowel wall is a key for correct diagnosis, each case still poses challenges for diagnosis and administrating the appropriate treatment.     

Efficacy of thalidomide therapy in pediatric Crohn's disease with evidence of tuberculosis

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of thalidomide for treating troublesome cases of pediatric Crohn's disease(CD) with tuberculosis infection.METHODS A retrospective study of clinical outcome among children treated with thalidomide was conducted. All patients had evidence of tuberculosis infection with a failure of anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than one year,and were subsequently diagnosed with CD. All the patients received thalidomide treatment with a starting dose of 1.2-2.5 mg/kg per day. Remission was defined as pediatric CD activity index less than or equal to 10.RESULTS Ten patients with CD were treated with thalidomide at an average age of 7.2 years and followed up for a median of 22.2 mo. Clinical remission rate was 60% after 9-12 mo of thalidomide treatment. One patient with no response had an interleukin-10 receptor alpha gene mutation. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein and platelet count showed a dramatic decrease; hemoglobin level and weight improved significantly after thalidomide treatment when compared with the baseline values.CONCLUSION Thalidomide is an effective and safe drug for remission of CD in pediatric patients who have been treated for tuberculosis.     

胆囊癌的诊治及误诊原因分析

目的：提高治疗原发性胆囊癌疗效。方法：对经手术和病理证实的36例原发性胆囊癌．进行回顾性分析。结果：术前明确诊断17例,术中及术后病理确诊19例,其中术中漏诊4例,占21．1％。随访33例,术后半年内死亡19例,1a以上8例,2a以上5例,5a以上1例。结论：原发性胆囊癌预后较差,5a生存率3％,术后平均生存期约11个月。强调早期诊断治疗避免漏诊的重要性。     

Granulomas as the Most Useful Histopathological Feature in Distinguishing between Crohn's Disease and Intestinal Tuberculosis in Endoscopic Biopsy Specimens

The incidence of Crohn''s disease (CD) is increasing in Chinese populations in whom intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is prevalent.This study aimed to identify differential diagnostic microscopic and endoscopic characteristics of CD from those of ITB.Patients with CD (N = 52) and patients with ITB (N = 16) diagnosed between 2010 and 2013 were identified. Specimens obtained via endoscopy were analyzed microscopically by a pathologist. The relationship between endoscopic appearance and histopathological features was analyzed. The χ² test, Fisher''s exact probability test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used.Granulomas were present in 81.3% of ITB cases and in 67.3% of CD cases (P = 0.36). Granulomas in ITB cases were denser than those in CD cases (mean 5.29 ± 4.30 vs. 2.46 ± 3.50 granulomas per 10 low power fields; each low power field = 3.80 mm²; P = 0.005). Granulomas in ITB cases were larger (mean widest diameter, 508 ± 314 μm; range, 100–1100 μm) than those in CD cases (mean widest diameter, 253 ± 197 μm; range, 50–800 μm). Basal plasmacytosis was more common in CD cases than in ITB cases (77.0% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.000). Endoscopy findings such as longitudinal ulcer, aphthous ulcer, and cobblestone appearance were only seen in CD cases (34.6%, 21.2%, and 23.1%, respectively). Granulomas were detected in the majority of cases with longitudinal ulcers (88.9%). Basal plasmacytosis was exclusively detected in cases with longitudinal ulcer and a cobblestone appearance.Characteristics of granulomas maybe the most important distinguishing features between CD and ITB. However, the histopathological characteristics of both diseases may overlap on endoscopic biopsy specimens. An accurate diagnosis should be made that considers clinical, endoscopic features, and pathologic findings.