2005年影响钦州市荔枝、龙眼产量的气象条件分析

通过对2004-2005年度钦州市荔枝、龙眼整个发育期的农业气象条件进行诊断分析，得出2005年钦州市荔枝减产的主要原因是：严重的春旱导致花穗不能抽出或花穗弱、花质差；谢花后，久旱遇雨造成异常落果；中迟熟荔枝幼果期遇高温干旱天气，导致生理缺水，造成严重落果，早熟品种“三月红”则出现了罕见的高温逼熟现象；果实膨大期，突遇大雨，暴雨造成裂果；而龙眼的开花授粉期比荔枝迟，避过了不良天气的影响，因而龙眼获得了增产。     

1993,1996年广西龙眼荔枝大幅度减产的农业气象因素分析

１９９３、１９９６年九十年代广西龙眼荔枝大面积、大幅度减产的特殊年份、气象资料分析表明，花芽分化期高温和花芽分化、花序生育初期受霜冻影响是导致１９９３年减产的主要原因；１９９６年春节期间的平流灾害天气是造成当年龙眼荔枝花序枯死而发生大幅度减产的直接原因。     

1993、1996年广西龙眼荔枝大幅度减产的农业气象因素分析

1993、1996年是九十年代广西龙眼荔枝大面积、大幅度减产的特殊年份。气象资料分析表明：花芽分化期（12月）高温和花芽分化、花序生育初期受霜冻影响是导致1993年减产的主要原因；1996年春节期间的平流灾害天气是造成当年龙眼荔枝花序枯死而发生大幅度减产的直接原因。     

高温干旱胁迫对早熟荔枝果实质量影响的研究

通过对2005年广西灵山早熟荔枝品种“三月红”遭受高温热害的调查及对果实各发育阶段气象条件的分析,并与近10年同期气象条件的对比研究,结果发现:(1)开花授粉--果实缓慢生长阶段(Ⅰ期)的低温寡照天气会影响荔枝座果率和成熟期,与品质优劣没有直接关系;(2)秋冬春连旱年份,若荔枝果实进入Ⅱb期后未遭受高温天气影响,则不会影响果实品质,而降水充足的年份,即使荔枝果实进入Ⅱb期遭受高温天气影响,也不会导致高温热害现象发生;(3)秋冬春持续严重干旱和果实成熟阶段的高温共同胁迫既影响荔枝产量,也会严重影响荔枝的品质。     

高温干旱胁迫对早熟荔枝果实质量影响的研究

通过对2005年广西灵山早熟荔枝品种“三月红”遭受高温热害的调查及对果实各发育阶段气象条件的分析，并与近10年同期气象条件的对比研究，结果发现：（1）开花授粉——果实缓慢生长阶段（Ⅰ期）的低温寡照天气会影响荔枝座果率和成熟期，与品质优劣没有直接关系；（2）秋冬春连早年份，若荔枝果实进入Ⅱb期后未遭受高温天气影响，则不会影响果实品质，而降水充足的年份，即使荔枝果实进入Ⅱb期遭受高温天气影响，也不会导致高温热害现象发生；（3）秋冬春持续严重干旱和果实成熟阶段的高温共同胁迫既影响荔枝产量，也会严重影响荔枝的品质。     

气象因子对荔枝和龙眼花芽分化和发育影响的探讨

根据多年荔枝龙眼生产和实践,分析影响荔枝龙眼花芽分化和花穗发育与相应的气象因子之间的关系,提出适合荔枝龙眼花芽分化发育的温度、降雨量、日照时数和关键时段,提醒人们在促进花芽分化和发育期间应注意的事项和采取的有效措施。     

钦州市高温天气气候初探

利用钦州市三站1957～2003年的逐日最高气温资料分析该地高温天气的气候特征,并分析严重高温天气过程的环流背景,总结了严重高温天气过程出现的天气形势特点。结果发现:①钦州市高温天气分布具有较强的地域性和时间性。②中高纬环流平直,西太平洋副热带高压、热带低值系统外围偏北气流的共同作用是严重高温天气过程的天气形势特点。     

钦州市高温天气气候初探

利用钦州市三站1957-2003年的逐日最高气温资料分析该地高温天气的气候特征，并分析严重高温天气过程的环流背景，总结了严重高温天气过程出现的天气形势特点。结果发现：①钦州市高温天气分布具有较强的地域性和时间性。②中高纬环流平直，西太平洋副热带高压、热带低值系统外围偏北气流的共同作用是严重高温天气过程的天气形势特点。     

论龙眼、荔枝生产的若干农业气象问题及对策

通过对龙眼、荔枝长期观察结果的分析,认为树体和花序受寒（冻）害、冬季连阴雨寡照致使成花率低,花期低温阴雨或高温干旱天气,使果树不能正常开花座果或果实败育等,是广西龙眼、荔枝生产上的主要农业气象问题。并就这些问题的发生机理及对策进行探讨。     

2008年初极端寒冷天气对荔枝龙眼成花的利弊分析

2008年初玉林市出现了一次与历史同期相比持续时间最长,平均温度最低、日照时数最少、总降水量居历史第二位的极端寒冷天气过程。通过对2008年1~4月份荔枝龙眼的观测和调查资料进行分析后发现,这次阴冷无霜的天气过程对荔枝龙眼的成花是既有利,也有弊,但总体上是弊大于利。因为持续长时间的低温和日照严重不足既抑制了冬梢,也抑制了花芽分化,最终导致了成花率明显偏低、花质差、雌花比率低、花期短等不良后果。鉴于这次罕见的极端寒冷天气对荔枝龙眼成花的影响,今后应从提高中长期天气预报准确率和栽培管理技术等方面来做好应对全球气候变暖背景下极端气象灾害的防御工作。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.