α-Ni（OH）2的合成及其性能表征

以尿素和六水合硝酸镍为原料,采用水热法合成了粒径较小、颗粒尺寸均一且具有较大比表面积的纯相α-Ni(OH)2。详细考察了反应物浓度、物料配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产物晶型结构、粒径和形貌的影响,筛选出合成α-Ni(OH)2的最佳条件。借助XRD、粒度分析、BET、红外分析对其物化性能进行表征。采用循环伏安法表征了其电化学性能。结果表明,当硝酸镍浓度为0.05mol/L,尿素与六水合硝酸镍的物质的量比为3∶1,反应时间为4h,反应温度为150℃时,制备的样品为纯相α-Ni(OH)2,其粒径主要分布在10.09～22.79μm,比表面积为267m2/g,且具有较好的电化学可逆性。     

反应介质对机械合成二硫化铁的动力学影响

分别在空气、无水乙醇和煤油3种介质下成功通过机械力化学法合成出FeS2,并作出了其合成过程的动力学曲线,并用费尔哈斯模型进行拟合,计算了不同介质下机械合成FeS2的反应速度常数。通过对比3种介质下的动力学曲线和动力学参数可知:合成过程是先生成白铁矿,再由白铁矿转变为黄铁矿的同时,铁粉和硫粉逐渐反应生成黄铁矿。3种介质对合成过程都有不同程度的影响,其中无水乙醇环境更有利于黄铁矿的机械力化学合成,空气环境次之,煤油环境最差。     

反应介质对机械合成二硫化铁的动力学影响

分别在空气、无水乙醇和煤油3种介质下成功通过机械力化学法合成出FeS2，并作出了其合成过程的动力学曲线．并用费尔哈斯模型进行拟合，计算了不同介质下机械合成FeS2的反应速度常数．通过对比3种介质下的动力学曲线和动力学参数可知：合成过程是先生成白铁矿，再由白铁矿转变为黄铁矿的同时，铁粉和硫粉逐渐反应生成黄铁矿。3种介质对合成过程都有不同程度的影响．其中无水乙醇环境更有利于黄铁矿的机械力化学合成，空气环境次之，煤油环境最差．     

水热法合成FeS2材料及其在热电池中的性能

以Na2S,S,FeSO4为反应物,采用水热法合成了具有立方体形貌的单相黄铁矿FeS2微纳粉体。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对合成的FeS2材料的晶体结构、粒和形貌进行了表征。在500℃,相对湿度RH<1%的条件下,测试对比了合成、天然黄铁矿FeS2单体热电池的放电性能,测试结果表明,合成FeS2材料可以提高单体电池的比容量和比能量。     

晶种法水热合成FeS2纳米晶

在水热体系中，加入了FeS2作为晶种，以EDTA、酒石酸为螯合剂优化反应条件，合成了FeS2纳米晶．用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了表征，结果表明产物为单一相黄铁矿型FeS2，纳米晶呈椭球状分布，平均粒径约20nm，其在紫外．可见光谱区内215～314nm是强吸收区，光学直接禁带宽度相对发生蓝移，并且对FeS2的形成机理进行了讨论。     

5-溴-3-叔丁基水杨醛的合成

以2-叔丁基苯酚、镁和多聚甲醛为原料,甲醇为溶剂,经甲酰化反应合成了3-叔丁基水杨醛,再经溴化反应合成了5-溴-3-叔丁基水杨醛.考察了溶剂、反应温度、物料比等对产品收率的影响.5-溴-3-叔丁基水杨醛合成的较优条件为:n(3-叔丁基水杨醛)∶n(液溴)=1∶1.1,反应溶剂为乙醇,反应温度60℃,反应时间8 h,产品经1H-NMR表征确认.     

水热/溶剂热法合成不同形貌结构光催化剂BiVO4的研究进展

BiVO4光催化剂的颗粒粒径、物相及形貌结构等因素都对其催化性能有显著影响,因此制备粒径、物相及形貌结构可控的BiVO4光催化剂具有重要意义。水热/溶剂热法是目前合成光催化剂BiVO4的一种重要方法,从影响水热/溶剂反应体系的因素方面概述了水热反应温度、反应时间、反应液pH值、表面活性剂以及反应溶剂等对终产物BiVO4的颗粒尺寸、物相结构以及形貌的影响。     

碲化铋纳米花的微反应合成

以Te粉和Bi_2O_3为原料,三正丁基膦（TBP）与油酸为溶剂,在微反应系统中合成了碲化铋纳米花,采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对合成产物的物相和微观形貌进行了分析,考察了反应温度、反应前躯体溶液浓度以及反应时间对合成产物形貌的影响,研究结果表明,随着反应温度的提高,纳米颗粒生长速度加快,而前躯体溶液浓度的增加导致纳米片的团聚加剧,反应温度提高,纳米片的尺寸增大。     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶的微波合成与性能

以水为溶剂,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis)为交联剂,分别通过微波合成法和水浴加热法制备了聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)水凝胶,研究了交联剂浓度、反应时间、反应温度等对反应的影响,及PNIPAM水凝胶在不同温度和pH值下的溶胀性变化。研究结果表明,与水浴加热法相比,微波合成法缩短了反应时间,从10h缩减至1h左右;适当延长反应时间和提升反应温度有利于提高单体转化率。微波法合成PNIPAM的最佳条件为:H2O为溶剂,100℃~110℃反应40 min~60 min,交联剂m(Bis)/m(NIPAM)=5/100,单体转化率97%~98%。而且,微波合成法制备的水凝胶具有更显著的温度和pH敏感性能。     

微纳米晶CuInSe_2溶剂热合成与表征

以硝酸铟、硝酸铜及硒粉为原料,以乙醇胺和无水乙醇作为溶剂,采用溶剂热法合成了铜铟硒(CuInSe2,简称为CIS)微纳米晶,通过单因素实验方法考察了原料的物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对产物的影响,得出了制备CuInSe2纳米晶粉末的适宜条件。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见吸收(Uv-Vis)等方法对产物进行表征和测试。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.