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《催化学报》2016,(11)
有机高价碘试剂是一类环境友好、制备简单且性质温和的有机合成新试剂.近年来,有机高价碘试剂因表现出新颖、独特的反应性能而受到化学工作者广泛关注,成为有机合成重要研究领域之一.二芳基碘鎓盐是有机高价碘试剂的一个重要组成部分,是一类具有较高普适性的芳基化试剂,可用于羰基化合物、烯烃、炔烃和杂原子亲核化合物等的芳基化反应.目前,二芳基碘鎓盐作为芳基化试剂对具有单一芳基化位点化合物的芳基化已经有了非常广泛而深入的研究.对于具有两个甚至多个芳基化位点的化合物(如同时具有胺基和炔基),其芳基化选择性问题仍缺乏系统研究.特别是在多个芳基化位点共存时如何能够使芳基化发生在某一特定位点仍然是一大难题.这限制了二芳基碘鎓盐作为芳基化试剂更广泛的应用.因此,我们选用2-炔基苯胺(含有胺基和炔基两个芳基化位点)作为原料,通过溶剂的选择以及溶液酸碱性的调控来改变不同芳基化位点的反应活性,通过催化剂的调变来改变二芳基碘鎓盐芳基化反应的能力,从而找出最优条件实现底物分子的选择性芳基化反应,并利用剩余活性位点实现分子内的环化反应,从而实现芳基化-环化串联反应合成一系列N-芳基吲哚类化合物.在对模型底物进行条件筛选实验时发现,以2-乙基辛酸铜(Cu(OCOC8H17)2)作催化剂,二异丙基乙基胺(DIPEA)作碱,1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)为溶剂,反应以最高93%的收率得到1,2-二苯基吲哚.使用该最优反应条件,一系列2-炔基苯胺都能与二芳基碘鎓盐很好地发生反应并且以良好到优秀的产率(71%–98%)得到目标产物N-芳基吲哚.此外,2-炔基苯胺与非对称的二芳基碘鎓盐也能发生反应,实验结果证明为位阻较小的芳基对胺基进行了N-芳基化反应.通过空白实验和对比实验,我们提出了可能的反应机理:二芳基碘鎓盐在铜催化剂作用下转化为亲电性的芳基活性中间体,该中间体与底物的胺基发生芳基化反应,然后芳基化产物在铜催化剂作用下环化生成N-芳基吲哚.该反应很好地解决了同时具有胺基和炔基两个芳基化位点的底物与二芳基碘鎓盐反应时C-芳基化和N-芳基化的竞争问题,选择合适反应条件使N-芳基化反应优先进行,为二芳基碘鎓盐的选择性芳基化反应提供了很好的实例,并为其它具有多个芳基化位点化合物的选择性芳基化反应提供了途径. 相似文献
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二芳基碘鎓盐属于有机高价碘化合物,具有无毒、反应条件温和以及良好的选择性等优点,在有机合成中具有重要地位,受到广大化学工作者的关注。近年来,利用二芳基碘鎓盐在金属催化下进行的芳基化反应为一些难以合成的杂环化合物的合成提供了简便、高效的方法;同时,二芳基碘鎓盐在无催化剂下进行的芳基化反应,为C—C偶联反应开辟了新的绿色合成路线。本文综述了近年来二芳基碘鎓盐在有机合成中促进芳基化反应的最新进展,着重介绍了利用二芳基碘鎓盐作为芳基化试剂与有机金属试剂、烯烃和炔烃类以及杂环化合物进行芳基化反应的研究;总结了二芳基碘鎓盐与杂环化合物反应中钯催化和铜催化下芳基化反应的机理,最后对二芳基碘鎓盐在今后有机合成中的应用作出了展望。 相似文献
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研究了碘催化的2-炔基苯胺与二硒醚的亲电环化反应. 结果表明, 在碘单质(0.2 mmol)、 2-炔基苯胺(0.2 mmol)、 二硒醚(0.1 mmol)和甲苯(2 mL)共存体系中, 反应温度为110℃时, 2-炔基苯胺与二硒醚能发生亲电环化反应, 生成相应的3-硒取代吲哚化合物, 产率为中等到良好. 该反应在无金属催化的条件下进行, 为合成官能团吲哚提供了一种新途径. 相似文献
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将二苯二硫醚作为硫源与1-甲基-2-苯基吲哚反应合成了含杂原子环的硫醚类化合物,然后再与二芳基碘三氟甲磺酸鎓盐反应,合成了一种新的芳基硫鎓盐。采用1 HNMR、MS等技术对目标化合物进行了表征,并确定了最佳反应条件。在硫醚类化合物与二芳基碘三氟甲磺酸鎓盐的摩尔比为1∶1.2,催化剂为CuI/Cu,溶剂为1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷的反应条件下,目标化合物的产率达到了62.0%。同时,对这类结构的芳基硫鎓盐进行了紫外光固化性能测试,发现其能够在紫外光固化体系中作为阳离子光引发剂得到应用。 相似文献
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《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2017,129(19):5347-5350
Both aryl components of diaryliodonium salts can be used in a domino one‐pot reaction via in situ generation of a directing group. A number of heterocycles undergo N‐arylation which is followed by ruthenium‐catalyzed C‐arylation. Notably the reaction extends well to unsymmetrical diaryliodonium salts with a number of highly selective examples shown. 相似文献
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Alex Sudakow Dr. Uli Papke Prof. Dr. Thomas Lindel 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(33):10223-10226
A novel photoarylation of amino acids and peptides is described, which tolerates the presence of water. Irradiation of Boc‐protected amino acids in the presence of N‐protected 2‐azidobenzimidazoles leads to selective arylation of carboxy termini or side chains. The new reaction also works for peptides. Irradiation of the nonapeptide H‐SPSYVYHQF‐OH also resulted in selective arylation of the tyrosine side chains, as indicated by ESI‐MS/MS fragmentation. Chemo‐ and regioselectivity could add the title reaction to the repertoire of photoaffinity labeling methods. 相似文献
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Wei Li Yuting Fan Yi Xia Palma Rocchi Ruizhi Zhu Fanqi Qu Johan Neyts Juan L. Iovanna Ling Peng 《Helvetica chimica acta》2009,92(8):1503-1513
Novel N‐aryltriazole nucleosides were synthesized via a Cu‐mediated C? N cross‐coupling reaction, using 3‐aminotriazole acyclonucleosides and various boronic acid reagents. Interestingly, N‐arylation proceeded much more rapidly on the amide group than on the amine group, leading to selective N‐arylation of the amide functionality on nucleosides containing both groups on the triazole nucleobase. 相似文献
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An Arylation Strategy to Propargylamines: Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts‐type Arylation Reactions of C‐Alkynyl Imines
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Yingcheng Wang Liang Jiang Long Li Jun Dai Dan Xiong Prof. Dr. Zhihui Shao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(48):15142-15146
The first arylation strategy for the synthesis of enantioenriched propargylamines is disclosed. This approach, which is complementary to previous alkynylation and alkylation strategies, involves a C(sp2)?C(sp3) bond formation, and is based on the first asymmetric Friedel–Crafts‐type arylation reaction of C‐alkynyl imines. Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts reactions with electron‐deficient phenols, a longstanding unsolved challenge, have thus been realized for the first time, enabled by the combination of our recently introduced C‐alkynyl N‐Boc‐protected N,O‐acetals as electrophiles and chiral phosphoric acids as catalysts. The synthetic utility of the resulting structurally diverse and polyfunctional chiral propargylamines was demonstrated by a series of selective transformations, including controlled reduction of the alkynyl group and iterative cross‐couplings. 相似文献
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Azaphilic versus Carbophilic Coupling at CN Bonds: Key Steps in Titanium‐Assisted Multicomponent Reactions
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Torsten Roth Prof. Hubert Wadepohl Dr. Eric Clot Prof. Lutz H. Gade 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(51):18730-18738
Consecutive C‐ and N‐arylation of N‐heterocyclic nitriles is mediated by titanium(IV) alkoxides. The carbo‐ and azaphilic arylation step may be separated by choosing the order in which the two equivalents of aryl transfer reagent are added. In the course of this transformation, the ancillary N‐heterocycle acts as both a directing anchor group and electron reservoir. In the selectivity‐determining step, the selectivity is governed by a choice between (direct) C‐ and Ti‐arylation; the latter opens up a reaction pathway that allows further migration to the nitrogen atom. The isolation of metal‐containing aggregates from the reaction mixture and computational studies gave insights into the reaction mechanism. Subsequently, a multicomponent one‐pot protocol was devised to rapidly access complex quaternary carbon centers. 相似文献
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Dipl.‐Chem. Yingjun Zhu Michaela Bauer Jasper Ploog Prof. Dr. Lutz Ackermann 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(41):13099-13102
The bioorthogonal late‐stage diversification of functionalized oligopeptides was accomplished through a metal‐free, site‐selective C?H arylation of engineered indole derivatives under mild reaction conditions. 相似文献
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Despite significant advances in the catalytic direct arylation of heteroarenes, the application of this reaction to pyridines has been met with limited success. An oxidative nucleophilic arylation strategy has been developed to overcome this problem. Pyridine, pyrazine, quinolone, and related electron‐deficient N‐heteroarenes can be arylated at the most electrophilic site using the developed nickel‐catalyzed reaction. This protocol serves as a complementary method to catalytic direct arylation reactions. 相似文献
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Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Diaryl Ethers by Copper‐Mediated O‐Arylation of Phenols using Trivalent Arylbismuth Reagents
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Cynthia Crifar Pauline Petiot Tabinda Ahmad Prof. Alexandre Gagnon 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(10):2755-2760
Highly functionalized diaryl ethers were prepared by copper(II) acetate mediated O‐arylation reaction of phenols using trivalent organobismuthanes. The reaction is performed under simple conditions and tolerates a wide diversity of functional groups on the phenol and on the organobismuth reagent. Substoichiometric amounts of catalyst can be used by performing the reaction under an oxygen atmosphere. The N‐arylation of pyridones is also reported. 相似文献
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Sabrina M. Nobre Mauro N. Muniz Marcus Seferin Wagner M. da Silva Adriano L. Monteiro 《应用有机金属化学》2011,25(4):289-293
We have developed a sequential and selective Pd‐catalyzed double‐Heck arylation of ethylene that results in non‐symmetrical nitro‐stilbene analogs of trans‐resveratrol at excellent yields. A catalytic system consisting of Pd(OAc)2 and P(o‐tolyl)3 permitted us to carry out the two consecutive Heck arylations without losing activity from the first to the second Heck reaction. After the first Heck arylation of ethylene, no isolation or additional catalyst loading is required for the second Heck arylation reaction. This protocol was applied to the synthesis of methylated trans‐resveratrol, which was obtained at a 65% overall yield. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Yun‐Fei Zhang Prof. Dr. Hong‐Wei Zhao Hui Wang Jiang‐Bo Wei Prof. Dr. Zhang‐Jie Shi 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,127(46):13890-13894
Currently used directing groups for selective aliphatic β‐functionalization of carbonyl compounds show excellent reactivity and selectivity with an amide as a linker. Described herein is 2‐piconimide, used for the first time with commercially available 2‐picolinamide/2‐picolic acid as precursors, to direct C H arylation/alkenylation by palladium catalysis. The directing group is essential for promoting the sequnetial primary and secondary C(sp3) H arylation with different aryl iodides in one substrate. The directing group was easily removed under simple reaction conditions at room temperature. 相似文献