韶关市农村留守儿童孤独感状况调查

目的了解广东省韶关市农村地区留守儿童孤独感现状及其影响因素。方法对韶关市某地区两所农村小学3～6年级学生中的489名留守儿童采用儿童孤独量表和自编调查表进行问卷调查。结果17．6％留守儿童存在孤独感，不同性别孤独感发生率无差异性，不同年龄及不同年级间孤独感发生率差异均有极显著性（P〈0.01）；随年级增加，孤独感发生率呈下降趋势（X^2趋势=5．970，P〈0.05）。留守儿童孤独感与健康状况、学习成绩、学习困难程度、父母教育方式、父母间关系和老师教育方式等因素显著相关（P〈0.01～0．05）。结论农村地区留守儿童中存在一定程度的孤独感问题，老师和家长应以正确的态度和方法对待留守儿童，以减少其孤独感的发生。     

产科新生儿不同部位经皮测黄报警预值的可靠性观察

目的对比观察产科新生儿不同部位经皮胆红素（TCB）报警预值的可靠性。方法132例产科新生儿采取随机数字分组法分为正常产组和剖宫产组各66例,新生儿均于产后第4天同一时间点应用KJ8000经皮测黄仪分别测量额、胸、腹、额胸、额胸腹TCB值,TCB〉12．9mg／dl者,取得亲属同意抽取静脉血检测血清胆红素（SB）,对比分析不同部位TCB及其与sB值的差异。结果两组分别有17例或21例达到TCB报警预值。两组TCB或sB相同方法及相同部位比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组TCB不同部位对比,额部值最低、胸部值最高,且与其他部位同组对比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;两组sB值对比差异无统计学意义（t=1．53,P〉0．05）,与不同部位TCB对比均以胸部数值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而与其他部位TCB两组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论正常产与剖宫产新生儿术后sB对比差异无意义;TCB动态监测以胸部结果更接近SB。     

心力衰竭病人延续性护理现状调查

[目的]了解心力衰竭病人延续性护理实施现状,探讨心力衰竭病人延续性护理方法及发展方向。[方法]用自行设计的调查问卷对114例心力衰竭病人的一般资料、自我护理状况及生活质量进行调查。[结果]不同文化程度、性别、职业、婚姻状态的病人生活质量得分不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),病人出院后的延续性护理以家人照顾为主,自我护理状况不理想。[结论]延续性护理模式在我国尚属初步实施阶段,临床医护工作者应积极倡导实施,鼓励家属参与及进行社区护理干预提高病人自我护理能力,提高生活质量。     

Evaluation of the aesthetics of physical methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats

Dissection of living brain tissue for in vitro experiments requires the use of a rapid euthanasia method. However, the method must not subject animals to unnecessary pain and must be aesthetically acceptable to experimenters. The purposes of the current study were to assess the aesthetics of 6 euthanasia methods, measure the procedure duration, and evaluate brain for pathology after each procedure. We digitally recorded euthanasia of isoflurane-anesthetized rats by 6 physical methods: anesthetic overdose, cardiac exsanguination, decapitation, closed intrathoracic transection of the great vessels and heart, thoracic percussion, and thoracotomy with rupture of great vessels. Volunteer researchers and animal caretakers watched the video and completed an associated questionnaire. Anesthetic overdose and cardiac exsanguinations were rated most aesthetically pleasing, although these procedures took the longest to complete. In contrast, decapitation and thoracic percussion were the least aesthetically pleasing, but these methods were the quickest. No demographic factor was identified that could predict whether a given euthanasia procedure would be favored for aesthetic reasons, and participants provided a wide variety of rationales for the aesthetic ratings they assigned. Although all of these euthanasia methods meet the criteria of approved methods of euthanasia of anesthetized rats as defined by the AVMA, aesthetic features and the scientific need for rapid euthanasia are both considerations in selecting a method.     

乳腺癌病人生命质量的影响因素调查

[目的]分析影响乳腺癌病人生命质量的因素,为改进乳腺癌病人的心理护理措施提供依据.[方法]对201例原发性乳腺癌术后化疗病人采用自设人口统计学和临床特征调查表、乳腺癌病人生命质量测定量表、医学应对问卷、中文版艾森克人格问卷简版进行调查.[结果]将病人生命质量总分作为应变量,社会人口学、临床特征、人格变量的4个维度和应对变量的3个维度作为自变量进行多元线性回归分析,结果表明,只有神经质维度和屈服应对维度进入方程,决定系数为0.542,即2个变量能联合预测生命质量54.2%的变异量.[结论]护理人员应关注乳腺癌病人的人格特征和应对方式特点,采取积极有效的心理护理措施,提高病人的生命质量.