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1 食品动物禁用的兽药
1.1 禁用于所有食品动物的兽药
兴奋剂类:克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、西马特罗及其盐、酯及制剂;性激素类:己烯雌酚及其盐、酯及制剂;具有雌激素样作用的物质:玉米赤霉醇、去甲雄三烯醇酮、醋酸甲孕酮及制剂;氯霉素及其盐、酯(包括琥珀氯霉素)及制剂;氨苯砜及制剂;硝基呋喃类:呋喃西林和呋喃妥因及其盐、酯及制剂;呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃苯烯酸钠及制剂;硝基化合物:硝基酚钠、硝呋烯腙及制剂;催眠、镇静类:安眠酮及制剂;硝基咪唑类:替硝唑及其盐、酯及制剂;喹嗯啉类:卡巴氧及其盐、酯及制剂:抗生素类:万古霉素及其盐、酯及制剂。 相似文献
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1 大会掠影 本次展览会集中展示了养猪业、家禽业、反刍动物、渔业、饲料及饲料机械、饲养设施及设备、动物保健及制药机械、肉制品生产加工及其设备、奶制品生产加工及其设备、蛋制品生产加工及其设备、牧草及机械、动物品种改良技术及其相关仪器设备、各种包装技术及设备等,有来自国内外的近300家企业参展. 相似文献
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三、诊断的方法、指标及原则综合征的诊断方法和原则,应根据临床诊断、病理解剖及组织学诊断、流行病学调查及防治实践结果,进行综合判定。而各项的具体条件和指标如下: (1) 病畜的临床表现,具有上述以运动功能障碍及平衡失调、心脏功能不全及休克发作、整体状态改变及消化紊乱等方面的主要症状所组成的综合症候群和按具体病畜的种属、年龄、性别以及疾病的 相似文献
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简要介绍了冷却猪肉的概念及特点,并从猪场建设、品种引入、饲料及饲料添加剂、防疫及兽药使用、饲养管理、屠宰加工、检疫检验、宰后的胴体冷却、分割、剔骨、包装、贮藏、运输及销售等方而,阐述了如何生产优质冷却猪肉。 相似文献
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玉溪市循环农业发展现状及对策建议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2008年8月20~27日,玉溪市农村环保能源工作站组织对玉溪市8县1区主要作物(水稻、玉米、小麦及蔬菜、花卉)的秸秆产生量,氮、磷、钾、复合肥、有机肥及农药的施用量及畜禽、人粪便的产生量及利用量,进行了凋研。同时对农村生活污水和生活垃圾的处理方式及农业废弃物综合利用方式进行了分析。 相似文献
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microRNAs(miRNAs)是一种短的单链非编码小分子RNAs,无论是在正常发育还是疾病的发生发展过程中,都能够与靶mRNA结合,参与到基因的转录后调控过程,并在其中发挥重要的调节作用。近年来随着miRNAs研究的深入,越来越多的证据表明,病原感染后会引起宿主miRNAs表达水平发生变化,这些差异表达的miRNAs能够积极地参与到疾病的发生发展过程中,并通过调控靶基因的表达参与免疫功能、自噬、炎症反应、代谢等多种生物学过程来抑制或促进疾病的发展。此外,宿主miRNAs作为一种参与转录后调节的小分子RNAs,在病原感染过程中,鸡miRNAs除了可以靶向自身的基因来调控鸡先天免疫信号,也可以靶向病原的基因从而影响病原的吸附、入侵、增殖等过程。作者主要介绍了miRNAs的生物合成、功能以及鸡miRNAs在部分病毒、细菌、寄生虫等病原侵袭过程与致病过程中的调控作用及其机制,简述了不同病原感染后鸡miRNAs的调控策略,以期从miRNAs的角度为鸡病的诊断、治疗和防控提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies. 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究新疆伊犁牧区土壤-牧草-水(溪流)中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量、分布特征与相互关系,以评估新疆伊犁夏牧场微量元素的营养生态环境。在伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)海拔1400~2999 m垂直带,根据海拔分别采取土壤(n=75)、牧草(n=75)和溪水(n=75)样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量。结果表明,伊犁夏牧场土壤中铁、铜、锰和锌平均含量分别为15 418.4、32.6、474.5和115.8 mg/kg,牧草中分别为446.0、7.8、85.7和41.9 mg/kg,土壤与牧草铁、铜、锰和锌含量的相关性(R2)分别为0.43、0.82、0.47和0.72,土壤和牧草中铁、铜、锰、锌含量随海拔变化规律不明显;溪水中不含以上4种元素;土壤和牧草中不含硒,溪水含硒极微量。由此说明,伊犁夏牧场铁元素过多,锌、锰基本适宜,铜缺乏,而硒则严重缺乏。 相似文献
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岩藻多糖是一种天然的杂多糖,其自然资源丰富、安全无毒,具有多种生理功能:可清除体内过量自由基,激活抗氧化酶系统,抑制氧化应激通路的信号转导,发挥抗氧化功能;可通过抑制体内炎症因子的产生,抑制炎症通路,促进抗体表达,提高机体非特异性免疫等途径提高机体免疫;可通过促进癌细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成,提高机体免疫力等方式发挥抗肿瘤作用;此外,岩藻多糖还具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗血栓等多种生物学功能。动物试验表明,岩藻多糖可降低仔猪料重比,提高其对营养物质的消化率;可提高雏鸡的总采食量、总增重和饲料转化率;显著提高南亚野鲮的体重、生长速率和蛋白质功效比;提高鸡的胴体重和胸肌重量;提高猪肉抗氧化能力;降低肠道炎症和水肿;提高肠道绒毛高度,改善肠道菌群平衡;调节糖脂代谢,降低体脂含量。作者就岩藻多糖的理化性质、生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用现状进行综述,以期为岩藻多糖在动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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近年来随着畜禽养殖的集约化与规模化的不断发展,畜禽容易遭受来自饲料发霉、抗生素滥用及肝炎病毒等因素产生的肝损伤。白藜芦醇是一种广泛存在于多种植物中的天然植物提取物,属于多酚类物质,在食品科学和医学领域中可以改善肝脏疾病造成的肝损伤。同时,白藜芦醇可以有效保护畜禽肝脏,缓解炎症刺激、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡等生理或病理状态时产生的肝损伤。另外,白藜芦醇可以通过调节畜禽脂代谢,改善生长育肥阶段容易出现的非酒精性脂肪肝所导致的肝损伤。作者综合了白藜芦醇对畜禽肝损伤保护作用的研究进展,简述了白藜芦醇的理化性质和相关生物学功能,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡,同时介绍了畜禽常见肝损伤的主要类型和病理途径,并分析了白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制和相关信号通路,以期为白藜芦醇通过改善畜禽常见肝损伤、提高畜产品品质提供依据,为探究白藜芦醇成为一种新型优质的饲料添加剂的可能性提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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随着奶牛行业的快速发展,全株玉米青贮因其价格低、储存时间长、营养丰富、适口性好、饲料转换率高等优点,越来越受到奶牛养殖者的认可和青睐。但在青贮制作过程中,因养殖者青贮制作技术欠缺、经验不足、认知度低等原因,最终导致青贮制作失败。为提高全株玉米青贮制作水平,本文将从把控水分、隔绝空气、微生物处理、收贮管理等全株玉米青贮制作四项基本原则进行论述和分析,养殖者可通过把控最佳收割时间,严管留茬高度、切割长度、籽粒破碎程度,做到上料快、压窖快和封窖快,正确使用青贮发酵剂,做好封窖后维护管理工作,从而做出优质的青贮饲料,进一步提高奶牛产奶量和牧场经济效益。 相似文献