塞北兔主要繁殖性状的相关分析

采用通径分析法对塞北兔主要繁殖性状进行了分析。结果表明:塞北兔35日龄断奶窝重与产活仔兔数、初生窝重、泌乳力之间的相关系数分别为0·646、0·507、0·823,直接效应影响为0·636、-0·407、0·669。通过对决定系数的分析,初步确定塞北兔的产活仔兔数、初生窝重、泌乳力对35日龄断奶窝重的决定程度为泌乳力>产活仔兔数>初生窝重。     

伊拉配套系曾祖代和祖代引进重庆后的繁殖性能测定分析

对重庆市引进的伊拉曾祖代4个系和祖代2个系开展连续3个胎次的繁殖性能测定,结果显示伊拉曾祖代C系平均窝产仔数和平均初生窝重显著高于A、B、D系(P<0.05),伊拉曾祖代D系21日龄平均窝重和35日龄平均断奶个体重显著高于A、B、C系;伊拉祖代D系平均窝产仔数、平均出生窝重、泌乳力(21日龄平均窝重)、35日龄平均断奶个体重均显著高于B系(P<0.05)。结果表明从法国引进的伊拉兔已基本适应重庆地区高温高湿的环境条件,初生窝重、初生产活仔数、断奶个体重等繁殖性能各项指标基本稳定。     

大约克母猪的几个主要繁殖性状表型相关分析

有关大约克母猪主要繁殖性状间的表型相关系数报道甚少，本文详细报导了33头大约克母猪的产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、泌乳力、断阴头数和断奶窝重及育成率等7项指标。经相关分析。产仔数与产活仔数，活仔数与初生窝重，继奶头数与继奶窝重属强正相关；产仔数与断奶头数，初生窝重与继奶窝重，泌乳力与断奶窝重属于等正相关；活仔数与泌乳力属弱正相关。     

母猪生产力性状的遗传分析

对二花脸猪、大白猪及其杂交一代3个群体共1686窝的生产力性状资料进行了遗传分析。用公畜模型估计了初生窝重、初生仔猪平均重、20日龄窝重、20日龄仔猪平均重、45日龄窝重、45日龄仔猪平均重的表型参数和遗传参数。与大白猪相比，二花脸猪抚育能力较强，生长速度较慢。前4个性状受母体影响较大，后2个性状受母体影响较小。6个性状的遗传力分别为0．251、0．277、0．341、0．330、0．235、0．186，表明直接选择有一定效果。从6个性状中选出初生窝重和20日龄窝重来反映母猪生产力，前者反映母猪繁殖力，后者反映母猪抚育能力。     

塞北兔主要繁殖性状的相关分析

采用通径分析的方法,对塞北兔主要繁殖性状进行了分析。结果表明：塞北兔35日龄断奶窝重与产活仔数、初生窝重、泌乳力之间的相关系数分别为0．646、0．507、0．823,直接效应影响为0．636、-0．407、0．669。通过对决定系数的计算,初步认为影响塞北兔35日龄断奶窝重的早期因素是泌乳力和产活仔数。     

獭兔主要繁殖性状的相关分析

为了进一步探讨獭兔繁殖性状的遗传规律,试验采用通径分析的方法对84只獭兔的主要繁殖性状进行分析。结果表明:35日龄獭兔断奶窝重与产活仔数、初生窝重、泌乳力、断奶个体重之间的相关系数分别为0.939,0.508,0.752,-0.603,直接效应为1.220,-0.022,0.019,0.361。通过对决定系数的计算与分析,初步认为影响35日龄獭兔断奶窝重的早期因素是产活仔数和断奶个体重。     

榆林猪繁殖性状研究

本文通过研究母猪乳头数、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生个体重、初生窝重、母猪泌乳力、断奶活仔数、断奶个体重和断奶窝重等繁殖性状的特点,发现榆林猪的繁殖性状主要表现在母猪有效乳头较多,7～8对乳头的母猪占61％以上。初生个体整齐度高,总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、母猪泌乳力、断奶窝重等主要繁殖力性状个体间变异较大．有充分选择改良提升的空间。繁殖力性状的遗传力值较低,在0．11-0．20之间。     

黑白花兔繁殖性状的相关及通径分析

为研究黑白花兔的繁殖性能,对黑白花兔母兔产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、21日龄只数、21日龄窝重、28日龄断奶只数和28日龄断奶窝重7个性状进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:各繁殖性状在表型上存在极显著正相关关系,其中21日龄只数与28日龄断奶只数的相关系数最大(0.876 9);对28日龄断奶窝重直接影响最大的是28日龄断奶只数(通径系数为0.548 5),其次是21日龄窝重(通径系数为0.373 0);通过决定系数计算结果,也认为影响黑白花兔28日龄断奶窝重的主要因素是断奶只数和21日龄窝重。因此,在兔生产实际中,除了通过选育提高母兔的繁殖力外,还要健全仔兔保健措施以提高窝成活数,同时还要加强母兔的饲养管理以提高泌乳量,从而从整体上提高黑白花兔的繁殖性能。     

湖北白猪繁殖性状的遗传分析

为了研究湖北白猪繁殖性状的遗传规律，对湖北白猪的１３头公猪及其８０窝后代的繁殖性状表型参数和遗传进行了初步的估测。结果为平均产仔数１０．２４头，产活仔数８．８１头，新奶头数８．０２５头，初生窝重１１．７９ｋｇ，泌乳力３８．０８ｋｇ，断奶窝重１４８．１９ｋｇ，初生个体重１．３２ｋｇ，断奶个体重１８．８７ｋｇ乳头数１３．８５个，２０日龄个体重４．７０ｋｇ，妊娠期１１４．１４天，遗传力分别为０．１５８．     

瘦肉型猪60日龄窝重与有关繁殖性状的相关性研究

研究了下(土布)猪场瘦肉型猪1990年6～10月份的277窝,2974头仔猪资料,计算了初生产活仔数、个体重,30日龄活仔头数、个体重以及60日龄窝重等性状之间的简单相关系数、偏相关系数,并以60日龄窝重为依变量,其余性状为自变量,建立了逐步回归方程。结果表明,初生产活仔数、个体重,30日龄活仔数、个体重与60日龄窝重呈正相关,其中,30日龄头数、个体重与60日龄窝重呈强正相关。欲提高60日龄窝重,必须在提高初生产活仔数和个体重的基础上,着重抓好初生至30日龄阶段仔猪的培育。 60日龄窝重是母猪繁殖性能好坏的一项重要综合经济技术指标。60日龄窝重大,往往表示母猪产活仔数多,泌乳力强,哺育率高;同时,60日龄窝重高,则60日龄个体大,表明仔猪生活力强,体质健康,以此仔猪进行肥育饲养,就会生长快,在较短时间内,消耗最少的饲料和人工。生产出品质优良的猪肉,从而获得最佳的经济效益。因此,60日龄窝重大小在养猪业中具有重要意义。本文试图通过对60日龄窝重与初生产活仔数、个体重,30日龄活仔数、个体重等繁殖性状间的相关情况的研究,找出影响60日龄窝重的主要因素,以便为改进猪的饲养管理工作及为早期选择提供理论依据。     

不同分娩季节对齐卡新西兰兔产仔性状的影响

为探讨分娩季节对母兔产仔性能的影响,利用2010-2013年度665只齐卡新西兰母兔共计1 649窝次的产仔性能记录,按不同分娩季节进行了比较分析.结果表明：分娩季节极显著影响齐卡新西兰母兔的产仔性状（P＜0.01）,其中春季产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重以及初生个体重均为最高,秋季产仔数和产活仔数较低,夏季初生窝重和初生个体重最小.由于产仔数是繁殖性能最重要的衡量指标,研究表明,齐卡新西兰母兔繁殖的最佳季节为春季.     

家兔血液蛋白多态性与主要经济性状间关系的研究

采用垂直板PAGE法对日本大耳白兔、新西兰兔血液中的 7个蛋白座位进行测定 ,运用线性模型的分析方法估计 7个蛋白座位的基因型对两品种家兔主要经济性状的效应 ,检测出效应显著的 4种生化基因型 ,Es 1的AA型对初生窝重、Hp的 2 3型对仔兔的初生个体重的相关效应均达显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,Tf的AA型和Es 3的BB型对 2 8日龄体重的效应也达到显著水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,结果表明 :Es 1、Hp、Tf、Es 3座位可望作为遗传标记用于标记辅助选择。     

Characterization of straightbred and crossbred rabbits for milk production and associative traits

Two hundred twenty-five lactation and litter performance records from 82 does representing four genetic groups and two diets were analyzed to quantify breed, heterosis, reciprocal F1 cross and diet effects for milk production and associative traits. Doe genetic groups were New Zealand White (NN) and Californian (CC) straightbred and Californian X New Zealand White (CN) and New Zealand White X Californian (NC) reciprocal crossbreds. Pelleted diets fed to does and litters were either a commercial control or a 74% alfalfa diet. Three sire breeds of litters included NN, CC and Flemish Giant (FG) straightbreds. Doe genetic group and diet were important sources of variation (P less than .05) for all traits examined except for litter milk efficiency (litter gain/milk intake) and doe feed efficiency (milk yield/feed intake). The sire breed of litter effect did not influence (P greater than .05) lactational performance of does nor associative preweaning traits. Straightbred NN does were heavier at kindling, yielded more milk, reared a heavier litter by 21 d and were more efficient in converting feed into milk than were straightbred CC does (P less than .01). Significant heterosis was detected for milk production and for litter size and weight at 21 d. Reciprocal differences between crossbred doe groups were observed (P less than .05) for litter milk efficiency and doe feed intake. The 74% alfalfa diet was superior to the commercial control diet for effects on milk production and litter size and weight at 21 d, although doe feed intake was increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Prediction and causation of litter market traits from preweaning and weaning characteristics in commercial meat rabbits

Market data on 1,315 rabbits from 201 litters from Californian (CAL), New Zealand White (NZW), CAL X NZW and NZW X CAL dams bred to CAL, NZW and Flemish Giant sires were subjected to multiple regression and path analyses. Market traits observed in litters at 56 d included average kit weight (A56W), litter size (LS56), total litter weight (L56W) and within-litter uniformity in individual weights (LCV). Preweaning variables as covariates included in the model were dam metabolic body weight (DMW), litter born (LSB), litter birth weight (LBW), milk yield from 1 to 21 d (MY) and feed intake from 1 to 28 d of the dam and litter (FI). Results from multiple regression analyses indicated linear and quadratic effects (P less than .20) due to LSB and MY for all four market characters. The LBW influenced (P less than .05) LS56 and L56W, and FI affected (P less than .05) LS56, L56W and LCV. Separate analyses were conducted involving 28-d weaning and feed intake variables as covariates: litter size weaned (LSW), litter weaning weight (LWW) and litter feed intake from 28 to 56 d (LFI). The three weaning covariates were important (P less than .05) for all market traits except LS56 (LWW was not significant). The most accurate regression equations were obtained from the weaning model for prediction of L56W and LS56 (R2 = .68 and .78). Path analyses revealed that preweaning covariates generally had direct rather than indirect effects on market traits. Both direct and indirect effects of weaning covariates were important for market traits. Results suggest that litter market traits of size and weight can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.     

品种对肉兔断奶后窝生长性状的影响

本研究旨在明确影响肉兔断奶后窝生长性状和料肉比的重要因素。利用一般线性模型分析了来自5个不同肉兔品种(新西兰白兔,加利福尼亚兔,比利时兔,青紫蓝兔和福建黄兔)的909只173窝肉兔断奶后窝生长和料肉比性状。结果表明,品种和断奶数对断奶窝重(5周龄窝重),窝增重,窝上市体重(10周龄窝重),个体平均上市体重,窝采食量和料肉比的影响极显著(P<0.01)。出生月份对窝采食量影响极显著(P<0.01),对断奶窝重和窝上市体重的影响显著(P<0.05)。比利时兔的断奶窝重、窝增重、窝上市体重、窝采食量和平均上市体重显著高于其他品种,而福建黄兔的上述5项指标显著低于其他品种(P<0.05)。断奶数与断奶窝重、窝采食量、窝增重、窝上市体重和料肉比的回归系数为正且显著。品种、断奶数和出生月份是影响肉兔断奶后窝性状和料肉比的重要因素。本研究的结果为将比利时兔作为杂交的终端父本提供重要依据。     

Growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds reared under intensive system in Ghana

A study on the growth and reproductive performance of two rabbit breeds was undertaken. Data on 588 kits and 97 does of California White and 574 kits and 90 does of New Zealand White rabbits reared under hot and humid environment in Ghana were taken. The reproductive performance of the two breeds, in terms of litter size at birth and weaning, litter weight at birth and weaning, kindling interval, age at sexual maturity, and gestation length as influenced by breed, season of kindling (rainy and dry), year of kindling (2005–2012), and parity (first to sixth and over) were determined. The performance of California White in terms of litter size at birth, at weaning, kit weight at birth, and age at first kindling was 5.9?±?0.2, 4.6?±?0.1, 54.7?±?0.4 g, and 159.8?±?0.2 days, respectively. That of New Zealand White was 5.9?±?0.1, 5.1?±?0.1, 55.2?±?1.0 g, and 159.9?±?0.2 days, respectively. The results obtained also showed a significant breed effects on kit weight at birth, litter weight at weaning, and mortality; whereas no significant differences (p?>?0.05) were observed between the two breeds regarding the other traits measured. Parity had significant effects (p?<?0.05) on all the growth and reproductive parameters measured with the exception of age at first kindling. Year of kindling also had significant effect on litter weight at birth, kit weight at birth, and at weaning (p?<?0.05) but did not have any significant effect on the age at sexual maturity and mortality. Season also had significant (p?<?0.05) effects on kit weight at birth, gestation length, kindling interval, and mortality with better performance experienced during the rainy season.

     

Within-litter variation of birth weight in hyperprolific Czech Large White sows and its relation to litter size traits, stillborn piglets and losses until weaning

Data from about 2900 litters (approximately 40,000 piglets) originating from 1063 Czech Large White hyperprolific sows were analyzed. The phenotypic and genetic relations between litter size traits, piglet mortality during farrowing and from birth to weaning and several statistics referring to the distribution of the birth weight within litter were analyzed. All genetic parameters were estimated from multi-trait animal models including the following factors: mating type (natural service or insemination), parity, linear and quadratic regression on age at first farrowing (1st litter) or farrowing interval (2nd and subsequent litters), herd-year-season effect and additive-genetic effect of the sow. The phenotypic correlations of the mean birth weight with the total number of piglets born and piglets born alive were − 0.30. Traits describing the variability of the birth weight within litter (range, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) were mostly positively correlated with litter size. A statistically significant phenotypic correlation (− 0.09 to − 0.15) between mean birth weight and losses at birth and from birth to weaning was found. The heritability for the number of piglets born, piglets born alive and piglets weaned was around 0.15. The number of stillborn piglets had only a very low heritability less than 0.05, whereas the heritability for losses from birth to weaning was 0.13. The heritabilities of the mean, minimal and maximal birth weight were 0.16, 0.10 and 0.10, respectively. The heritability for all statistics and measures referring to the variability of the birth weight within litter was very low and did never exceed the value of 0.05. An increase in litter size was shown to be genetically connected with a decrease in the mean piglet birth weight and an increase in the within-litter variability of birth weight. Selection on litter size should be accompanied by selection on mortality traits and/or birth-weight traits. Losses from birth to weaning and the minimal birth weight in the litter were proposed as potential traits for a selection against piglet mortality.     

Heritability and genetic correlation estimates of semen production traits with litter traits and pork production traits in purebred Duroc pigs

We estimated heritabilities of semen production traits and their genetic correlations with litter traits and pork production traits in purebred Duroc pigs. Semen production traits were semen volume, sperm concentration, proportion of morphologically normal sperms, total number of sperm, and total number of morphologically normal sperm. Litter traits at farrowing were total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth, mean litter weight at birth, and piglet survival rate at birth. Litter traits at weaning were litter size at weaning, total litter weight at weaning, mean litter weight at weaning, and piglet survival rate from birth to weaning. Pork production traits were average daily gain, backfat thickness, and loin muscle area. We analyzed 45,913 semen collection records of 896 boars, 6,950 farrowing performance records of 1,400 sows, 2,237 weaning performance records of 586 sows, and individual growth performance records of 9,550 animals measured at approximately 5 mo of age. Heritabilities were estimated using a single-trait animal model. Genetic correlations were estimated using a 2-trait animal model. Estimated heritabilities of semen production traits ranged from 0.20 for sperm concentration to 0.29 for semen volume and were equal to or higher than those of litter traits, ranging from 0.06 for number stillborn and piglet survival rate at birth to 0.25 for mean litter weight at birth, but lower than those of pork production traits, ranging from 0.50 for average daily gain to 0.63 for backfat thickness. In many cases, the absolute values of estimated genetic correlations between semen production traits and other traits were smaller than 0.3. These estimated genetic parameters provide useful information for establishing a comprehensive pig breeding scheme.     

辽宁绒山羊繁殖性状遗传参数的研究

本文应用EXCEL2004软件和SAS6.12软件对辽宁绒山羊繁殖性状进行统计和分析,结果为：辽宁绒山羊的产羔数、产活羔数、断奶只数、断奶窝重、初生窝重、初生个体重、断奶个体重等主要繁殖性状的遗传力分别为0．147、0．126、0．182、0．250、0．318、0．384、0．369,说明除产羔数、产活羔数、断奶只数外,其他性状均属中等遗传力;繁殖性状中,产羔数、产活羔数、断奶只数、初生窝重、断奶窝重等性状的表型相关和遗传相关均为强正相关,窝性状与个体性状呈负遗传相关;初生个体重、断奶个体重与其他5个性状间呈弱正相关或弱负相关。     

Estimation of genetic parameters for farrowing traits in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs

Genetic parameters were estimated for six reproductive traits related to farrowing events in Landrace and Large White pigs; total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number stillborn (NSB), total litter weight at birth (LWB), mean litter weight at birth (MWB), and gestation length (GL). We analyzed 62,534 farrowing records for 10,637 Landrace dams and 49,817 farrowing records for 8,649 Large White dams. Estimated heritabilities of TNB, NBA, NSB, LWB, MWB, and GL by single‐trait repeatability model analyses were 0.12, 0.12, 0.08, 0.18, 0.19, and 0.29, respectively, in Landrace, and 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, 0.18, 0.16, and 0.34, respectively, in Large White. Genetic correlation between NBA and NSB was unfavorable: 0.20 in Landrace and 0.33 in Large White. Genetic correlations of GL with the other five traits were weak: from ?0.18 with NSB to ?0.03 with NBA in Landrace, and from ?0.22 with NSB to ?0.07 with NBA in Large White. LWB had a highly favorable genetic correlation with NBA (0.74 in both breeds), indicating the possibility of using LWB for the genetic improvement of NBA.