心理护理干预在超声介入手术中的应用

目的 探讨心理护理干预对超声介入手术患者在手术中的护理效果。方法 选取 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 12 月在我院实施 超声介入手术的 60 例患者作为研究对象。随机分组法将患者分成对照组和观察组,每组各 30 例。对照组采取常规护理方法, 观察组在常规护理法的基础上再采取心理护理方法。分析比较两组的心理状态、手术指标、并发症、配合度以及护理满意度。 结果 两组患者护理前心理状态焦虑及抑郁评分差异不大（P>0.05）。护理后两组心理状态评分均有降低,且观察组评分低于 对照组（P<0.05）。观察组手术指标优于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的并发症少于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组手术配合度高于 对照组（P<0.05）。观察组护理满意高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 超声介入手术患者实施心理护理,能够改善心理状态、手术 指标、并发症、患者配合度以及护理满意度。     

心脏介入诊疗术患者心理干预的研究进展

心脏介入性诊断及治疗包括冠状动脉造影、人工心脏起搏器安置术、射频消融、经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术(PT-CA)及支架安置术等,已成为治疗心脏病的重要手段。但该项技术为创伤性操作,手术风险较大,医疗费用高,因此对患者的心理、社会功能等诸多方面均有一定的影响,许多患者表现出焦虑和抑郁等负性情绪[1],这些不良的心理反应会直接影响手术过程和术后康复。临床护理实践证明,切实有效的心理干预能减轻患者的心理压力,调动患者积极的心理应对能力,对改善或消除不良情绪,提高依从性,降低手术并发症的发生率、提高疗效,改善生活质量有重要意…     

Anger intervention

This article compares and contrasts psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral approaches to anger intervention. Related research is discussed and a cognitive-behavioral model of anger intervention is presented. The model views anger as an affective stress reaction consisting of four factors: physiological arousal, antagonistic cognitions, environmental stimuli, and behavioral reactions. The article also examines occupational therapy assessment and treatment goals on the basis of the cognitive-behavioral model and recommends stress management activities and techniques for helping clients control the factors that mediate their anger.     

Stroke intervention

As current stroke therapies are refined and newer promising methodologies brought on line, the rapid, accurate diagnosis of stroke syndromes will become more important. The emergency department is in a unique and vital position for providing early diagnosis, for organizing and activating an interdisciplinary team to rapidly assess the stroke patient, and for establishing protocols for therapy. The emergency physician has an important role in increasing general awareness and in helping to educate the public about risk factors and early symptoms of various stroke syndromes. Nursing and emergency personnel must also be made increasingly aware of the desirability of early recognition of stroke and of new therapeutic measures. Stroke patients should no longer be considered of moderate to low priority, as has often been the case in the past. With an aggressive approach in dealing with risk factors, education in early recognition of symptoms, and new and promising interventional therapies, morbidity and mortality from this often catastrophic disease may be dramatically reduced.     

延续性自我管理干预对PCI患者自我管理行为的影响

目的：探讨延续性自我管理干预对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（ PCI ）患者自我管理行为的影响。方法将100例PCI患者按照抽签法分为试验组和对照组各50例,对照组给予心内科常规健康教育,试验组给予以延续护理理念及自我管理理论为基础制订的延续性自我管理干预方案。应用自我管理知识问卷及冠心病自我管理行为量表（ CSMS）分别于干预前,干预后1个月和干预后6个月对两组患者进行测评,比较两组患者的差异。结果干预前,两组患者的自我管理知识问卷和CSMS各维度得分差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。干预后1个月,试验组患者的CSMS日常生活管理、疾病医学管理、情绪认知管理评分分别为（48．17±7．20）,（46．43±5．66）,（47．96±9．69）分,优于对照组的（30．68±8．51）,（33．40±4．86）,（22．44±8．56）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为10．539,10．767,13．221;P＜0．01）;干预后6个月,试验组患者CSMS日常生活管理、疾病医学管理、情绪认知管理评分分别为（58．83±6．16）,（65．30±5．28）,（61．55±8．23）分,高于对照组的（30．47±8．37）,（28．45±5．07）,（24．00±7．25）分,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为18．373,33．822,22．929;P＜0．01）。试验组干预后6个月与干预后1个月相比,自我管理知识及冠心病自我管理行为量表各维度得分明显提高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。对照组患者干预后1个月时日常生活管理知识及行为、疾病医学管理知识及行为得分均有提高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,但6个月时与1个月相比,疾病医学管理行为得分显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论与常规心内科的健康教育相比,延续性自我管理干预能显著改善PCI患者的自我管理知识及行为,可以在临床上广泛?     

Parent counseling between crisis intervention and preventive intervention]

The presence of impairments in their newborn child entails parental mourning and coping processes, which are either accelerated, prolonged, or repressed by the professional help provided, depending on the nature and quality of such intervention. Based on Schuchardt's model of coping with crisis (1980), the interactional difficulties between professional helpers/parents and child in the various phases are set out, inferring potential modifications in this interaction, but also changes in training and research contents.     

护理干预对心脏介入术后患者睡眠质量的影响

目的 探讨护理干预对心脏介入术后患者睡眠质量的影响.方法 选取我院2010年1月至2011年1月收治的140例行心脏介入手术的患者作为研究对象,按照随机分组的原则将其分为观察组与对照组各70例,对照组患者采用常规心内科护理方法进行护理,观察组患者在对照组常规护理的基础上再予以与睡眠相关的护理干预措施,比较2组患者术后24h及术后1,2周的睡眠质量评分(PSQI)及术后2周的治疗依从性.结果 2组患者术后24 h的PSQI评分无明显差异,但1,2周后的PSQI评分比较,观察组均明显低于对照组;术后2周的治疗依从性比较,观察组患者完全依从率明显高于对照组患者,不完全依从率明显低于对照组.结论 采取护理干预可以有效提高患者的治疗依从性,改善心脏介入术后患者的睡眠质量,利于患者疾病的康复,值得临床推广应用.     

音乐干预的特征

目的：介绍音乐干预的发展历程，生理、心理效应，实施原则，并详细地综述近期国内外的最新临床各科室应用，希望对国内音乐干预的开展有所帮助。 资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline数据库1999-01／2005-08期间的与音乐干预相关文章，检索词为“music intervention”，限定文章语言种类为英文。同时，计算机检索万方数据资源系统与中国期刊全文数据库1999-01／2005-08期间与音乐干预相关的文章，检索词为“音乐干预”，限定文章语言种类为中文。 资料选择：对资料进行初审，选取资料包括音乐干预的基础和临床相关文献，筛除明显不随机实验的研究，对剩余的文献开始查找全文，进一步判断为随机对照实验。纳入标准：为随机对照实验，采用单盲，双盲或非盲法；实验包含平行对照组。排除标准：重复性实验研究。 资料提炼：共收集到38篇关于音乐干预方面的基础．和临床实验研究原著，在38篇原著中，排除重复性研究11篇，以27篇进行综述。 资料综合：目前音乐干预主要集中于生理、心理效应，实施原则和临床各科室应用。音乐是一种实施方便，相对价廉，无损伤性干预，这种干预已用于降低心率、血压、心肌耗氧量、胃肠功能、焦虑和疼痛等。同时音乐干预实施的6项原则已被确定，即目的性原则、确实同在原则、整体性原则、根据患者的喜好选择的原则、根据患者的喜好选择、转化的原则、妥善安置患者的原则。音乐干预的6项原则被用作护理干预的指南，将在促进整体护理关怀的发展中起到重要作用。 结论：目前音乐干预的基础和临床研究均取得一定的进展，标准操作规程应尽快制定，更应加强这方面的研究。     

音乐干预的特征

目的:介绍音乐干预的发展历程,生理、心理效应,实施原则,并详细地综述近期国内外的最新临床各科室应用,希望对国内音乐干预的开展有所帮助。资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline数据库1999-01/2005-08期间的与音乐干预相关文章,检索词为“musicintervention”,限定文章语言种类为英文。同时,计算机检索万方数据资源系统与中国期刊全文数据库1999-01/2005-08期间与音乐干预相关的文章,检索词为“音乐干预”,限定文章语言种类为中文。资料选择:对资料进行初审,选取资料包括音乐干预的基础和临床相关文献,筛除明显不随机实验的研究,对剩余的文献开始查找全文,进一步判断为随机对照实验。纳入标准:为随机对照实验,采用单盲,双盲或非盲法;实验包含平行对照组。排除标准:重复性实验研究。资料提炼:共收集到38篇关于音乐干预方面的基础和临床实验研究原著,在38篇原著中,排除重复性研究11篇,以27篇进行综述。资料综合:目前音乐干预主要集中于生理、心理效应,实施原则和临床各科室应用。音乐是一种实施方便,相对价廉,无损伤性干预,这种干预已用于降低心率、血压、心肌耗氧量、胃肠功能、焦虑和疼痛等。同时音乐干预实施的6项原则已被确定,即目的性原则、确实同在原则、整体性原则、根据患者的喜好选择的原则、根据患者的喜好选择、转化的原则、妥善安置患者的原则。音乐干预的6项原则被用作护理干预的指南,将在促进整体护理关怀的发展中起到重要作用。结论:目前音乐干预的基础和临床研究均取得一定的进展,标准操作规程应尽快制定,更应加强这方面的研究。     

Investigating optimal intervention intensity with the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention

Abstract This paper addresses optimal intervention intensity in stuttering with reference to the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention. This is an operant program in which the parent provides the actual treatment, for proscribed periods each day, in the child's everyday environment. The parent learns how to do this during weekly visits with the child to the speech-language pathologist. This program was chosen because it is supported by considerable research evidence. This evidence includes randomized controlled trials and file audits. Individual children vary in the time taken to reach the program criteria, with children with milder stuttering taking less time than children whose stuttering is more severe. Hence, the dose depends largely on stuttering severity. Other service delivery models for the Lidcombe Program have been investigated, including telehealth (distance delivery) and group delivery. While telehealth delivery was as efficacious as face-to-face delivery, 3-times more clinician hours were needed to achieve this. Group delivery of the program was also as efficacious as face-to-face delivery but required 30% less clinician time. The fact that treatment is delivered by parents but is directed by the speech-language pathologist raises interesting issues about what constitutes dose.     

心理干预在原发性肝癌介入治疗病人中的应用

随着介入放射学的迅速发展,介入治疗在原发性肝癌晚期病人的治疗中得到广泛应用,延缓了肿瘤生长,延长了病人生存的时间,提高了病人的生活质量.为了减轻肝癌病人介入治疗中的身心痛苦,2002年4月-2004年4月,护理人员对48例病人进行了心理干预,取得了一定效果.现报告如下.……     

Investigating optimal intervention intensity with the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention

Abstract

This paper addresses optimal intervention intensity in stuttering with reference to the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention. This is an operant program in which the parent provides the actual treatment, for proscribed periods each day, in the child's everyday environment. The parent learns how to do this during weekly visits with the child to the speech-language pathologist. This program was chosen because it is supported by considerable research evidence. This evidence includes randomized controlled trials and file audits. Individual children vary in the time taken to reach the program criteria, with children with milder stuttering taking less time than children whose stuttering is more severe. Hence, the dose depends largely on stuttering severity. Other service delivery models for the Lidcombe Program have been investigated, including telehealth (distance delivery) and group delivery. While telehealth delivery was as efficacious as face-to-face delivery, 3-times more clinician hours were needed to achieve this. Group delivery of the program was also as efficacious as face-to-face delivery but required 30% less clinician time. The fact that treatment is delivered by parents but is directed by the speech-language pathologist raises interesting issues about what constitutes dose.     

Prevention as intervention

Prevention as intervention is identified as a middle-range theory consistent with the Neuman systems model. Through an examination of anxiety research using Neuman's theory, prevention as intervention is examined for clarity, simplicity, generality, accessibility and importance. Conceptual clarity is in need of improvement to proceed with theory testing research. Until such concepts as the flexible and normal lines of defence, created environment, and the inter-relatedness of core system variables are further understood, the theory of prevention as intervention remains unclear.     

Optimal intervention intensity

Abstract

Empirical evidence exists for many of the different interventions in speech-language pathology. However, relatively little is known about the optimal intensity of those interventions. In order for speech-language pathology services to be both effective and efficient speech-language pathologists need to know how to faithfully administer ideal doses of the active ingredients of interventions, in what forms, how often and for how long. This is the lead paper to a scientific forum on this fundamental yet under-studied issue of clinical practice. Borrowing from the work of Warren, Fey, and Yoder, the concept of intervention intensity is described. Issues involved in establishing the optimal intensity of interventions are identified, including what and how intervention goals are targeted. Given that speech-language pathology interventions can involve the delivery of therapeutic inputs (e.g., conversational recasts, questions) and/or clients carrying out an act (e.g., speech production, voice production, comprehending, naming, swallowing), a framework is proposed for measuring all potential inputs and acts that might contribute to the calculation of an intervention intensity. Client-, clinician-, condition-, and service-related variables that could influence the investigation and practical application of an optimal intervention intensity are also discussed.     

MR imaging and osseous spinal intervention and intervertebral disk intervention

Percutaneous spine intervention, a wide range of invasive spine procedures performed through a puncture hole or through a small incision not requiring soft tissue closure and with few or no skin sutures or staples, is rapidly emerging as an effective alternative to open surgery. This article describes many of the minimally invasive osseous, intervertebral disk, and spinal nerve interventions currently being performed, including both well-established procedures and procedures developed recently. A general introduction to these types of procedures is provided, along with the characteristic pre- and postprocedural MR imaging appearance related to these techniques. The article also discusses reported and theoretical complications that may arise and their respective MR imaging appearances.     

家庭整体干预在高血压病社区干预中的作用

目的 探究家庭整体干预在高血压病社区干预中的作用.方法 将106例Ⅰ、Ⅱ级高血压病患者随机分成两组,对照组50例仅进行个体危险因素分析及干预;家庭干预组56例,进行家庭整体干预,既除了进行个体危险因素分析及干预外,还对患者进行家庭健康评估,寻找出家庭危险因素,针对不良因素进行指导及干预,动员全体家庭成员参与.干预后6个月社区护理人员停止家庭访视(既除去外界干预因素),6个月及12个月(既除去外界干预因素后6个月)复查血压、BMI、血脂、行为及生活方式的改变.结果 6个月后家庭干预组在收缩压、饮食及运动程度、方式上的改变均较对照组改善明显(P<0.05或P<0.01);12个月后家庭干预组除BMI外所有指标均较对照组有改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),且家庭干预组的不良行为回升在分类及人数上均低于对照组.结论 对高血压病患者进行家庭整体干预,患者血压、血脂、行为、生活方式的改善比一般干预患者明显且效果稳定、持久.