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光催化分解水制氢研究进展 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
光催化分解水制氢,其学术和社会意义无疑是极其广泛而深远的.这一点至少早在科幻之父儒勒·凡尔纳(JulesVerne)生活的时代就被人们所认知,下面引用JulesVerne在1874年出版的《神秘岛》中的一段表述,让我们来再次重温这一课题的伟大意义.J.Verne写到:“Waterdecomposedintoitsprimitiveelements,anddecomposeddoubtlessbyelectricity,whichwillthenhavebecomeapowerfulandmanageableforce……Yes,myfriends,Ibelievethatwaterwillsomedaybeemployedasfuel,thathydrogenandoxygen,whichconstituteit,usedsinglyortogether,willfurnish… 相似文献
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通过光催化将二氧化碳(CO2)还原为可持续的绿色太阳能燃料是同时解决环境问题和能源危机的极具前景的方案.尽管迄今为止已经进行了广泛的研究,但实现高转化率、高选择性和高稳定性的光催化二氧化碳还原仍有许多障碍.如将水作为电子供体而非牺牲试剂,能够使反应的吉布斯自由能变ΔG>0,这对于真正实现理想化的人工光合作用至关重要,但同时也会为光催化还原CO2体系带来更多的挑战.我们首先简要介绍了光催化还原CO2的机理与挑战,而后根据目前光催化还原CO2在无牺牲剂体系中出现的问题总结了对应的策略以及最新的研究进展,包括能带结构的调整、助催化剂的负载、异质结的构建、 MOFs与COFs材料的设计等方面,最后对目前仍未解决的问题以及未来实现工业化应用的阻碍进行了总结. 相似文献
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单原子催化剂在光催化二氧化碳还原中的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过光催化技术将二氧化碳转化成增值的含碳化学品或燃料是解决能源危机和温室效应的一种可持续性方法. 开发高效、 廉价及高稳定性的光催化剂是提高光催化二氧化碳还原(CO2RR)效率所面临的一大挑战. 单原子催化剂由于具有原子利用率高及电子环境可调等特性而在催化领域被广泛研究. 在光催化二氧化碳还原中, 金属单原子的加入不仅可调节光催化剂的能带结构及吸光性能等物理性质, 还可以有效提高其光生电荷转移效率, 并为研究光催化反应机理提供理想的平台. 近年来, 单原子光催化剂在二氧化碳还原领域的研究发展迅速. 本文综合评述了单原子催化剂在光还原二氧化碳反应中的研究进展, 介绍了不同载体的单原子催化剂的典型研究成果, 并展望了未来的研究趋势. 相似文献
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利用大自然丰富的太阳能驱动水、二氧化碳或氮气转化为高附加值燃料(如H2, CO, CH4, CH3OH或NH3等),实现人工光合成,将储量丰富的太阳能转化为可利用的清洁化学能源,被认为是解决能源短缺和环境问题的关键技术之一,能够有效缓解能源危机和全球变暖,极具应用前景.因此,各种类型的光催化剂相继被开发出来,以满足光催化的需求.其中钴基多相催化剂是最有前途的光催化剂之一,它可以通过扩大光吸收范围、促进电荷分离、提供活性位点和降低反应能垒等途径有效提高光催化效率,为太阳能燃料转化利用开辟广阔的前景.本文首先介绍了光催化水分解、CO2还原和N2还原的基本原理.然后,总结了基于钴基催化剂的改性策略,包括形貌、晶面、结晶度、掺杂和表面修饰,重点讨论了钴基多相材料在水分解(产氢、产氧和全解水)、二氧化碳还原以及氮还原领域的光催化进展.最后,对钴基光催化剂当前面临的挑战和未来的发展作了展望和总结.提出了钴基光催化剂未来的一些研究方向.包括:(1)基于材料光催化体系的设... 相似文献
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光催化二氧化碳还原反应(光催化CO2RR)是将惰性CO2转化为高价值化学品的最具前景的策略之一。光催化CO2RR的成功取决于高效催化剂的使用,尽管目前已取得相当的进展,但光催化过程仍面临着光电效应弱和光生载流子易复合等问题,严重制约了CO2还原的效率。稀土离子具有独特的f电子结构和尤其丰富的电子能级,可作为光生电子的“储存器”并兼具抑制光生载流子复合的功能,因此电子能更有效地用于CO2RR。镧系金属离子的强亲氧性和高配位需求,使其易于掺杂进其他氧化物半导体的晶格中,不仅能够稳定半导体复合物的晶相,而且能够有效地调控氧空位的浓度,从而实现半导体光催化剂性能调控和优化。此外,镧系金属亦能以原子级分散方式吸附在半导体表面或实现体相掺杂,直接作为活性位点提升光生电子的传递与利用。本文总结和探讨了稀土纳米材料在光催化CO2RR反应中的不同作用形式,从包括单(纯)稀土半导体材料、负载助催化剂的稀土半导体材料、掺杂稀土半导体材料和稀土半导体-其他半导体的复合材料等四方面... 相似文献
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利用太阳能将二氧化碳还原为高附加值燃料是当前双碳背景下解决能源和环境问题的有效方案. 金属配合物分子催化剂作为一种均相催化剂, 具有明确的活性位点、高反应活性以及可调的化学结构等特点, 非常有利于提高催化性能和研究催化机理, 在二氧化碳还原反应中已得到广泛应用. 然而, 分子催化剂稳定性不高且难以回收利用, 不利于催化反应的工业化应用. 采用固定化策略构筑分子催化剂/载体的异相化体系在一定程度上解决了这一难题. 我们综述了以多联吡啶类有机物(主要为二联吡啶、三联吡啶、四联吡啶)为配体的钴分子催化剂, 通过共价键合、非共价键合以及构筑有序聚合物等途径异相化在光催化还原二氧化碳方面的研究进展, 最后对分子催化剂异相化的体系在该领域发展面临的挑战进行了总结. 相似文献
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Harnessing solar energy and converting it into renewable fuels by chemical processes, such as water splitting and carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, is a highly promising yet challenging strategy to mitigate the effects arising from the global energy crisis and serious environmental concerns. In recent years, covalent organic framework (COF)-based materials have gained substantial research interest because of their diversified architecture, tunable composition, large surface area, and high thermal and chemical stability. Their tunable band structure and significant light absorption with higher charge separation efficiency of photoinduced carriers make them suitable candidates for photocatalytic applications in hydrogen (H2) generation, CO2 conversion, and various organic transformation reactions. In this article, we describe the recent progress in the topology design and synthesis method of COF-based nanomaterials by elucidating the structure-property correlations for photocatalytic hydrogen generation and CO2 reduction applications. The effect of using various kinds of 2D and 3D COFs and strategies to control the morphology and enhance the photocatalytic activity is also summarized. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives in the field are highlighted for the future development of highly efficient COF-based photocatalysts. 相似文献
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TiO2 has received tremendous attention owing to its potential applications in the field of photocatalysis for solar fuel production and environmental remediation. This review mainly describes various modification strategies and potential applications of TiO2 in efficient photocatalysis. In past few years, various strategies have been developed to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, including noble metal deposition, elemental doping, inorganic acids modification, heterojunctions with other semiconductors, dye sensitization and metal ion implantation. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of TiO2-based material for CO2 conversion, water splitting and pollutants degradation are highlighted in this review. 相似文献
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Constructing photocatalysts to promote hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide photoreduction into solar fuels is of vital importance. The design and establishment of an S-scheme heterojunction system is one of the most feasible approaches to facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers and obtain powerful photoredox capabilities for boosting photocatalytic performance. Herein, a zero-dimensional/one-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction composed of CdSe quantum dots and polymeric carbon nitride nanorods (CdSe/CN) is created and constructed via a linker-assisted hybridization approach. The CdSe/CN composites exhibit superior photocatalytic activity in water splitting and promoted carbon dioxide conversion performance compared with CN nanorods and CdSe quantum dots. The best efficiency in photocatalytic water splitting (10.2% apparent quantum yield at 420 nm irradiation, 20.1 mmol g−1 h−1 hydrogen evolution rate) and CO2 reduction (0.77 mmol g−1 h−1 CO production rate) was achieved by 5%CdSe/CN composites. The significantly improved photocatalytic reactivity of CdSe/CN composites primarily originates from the emergence of an internal electric field in the zero-dimensional/one-dimensional S-scheme heterojunction, which could greatly improve the photoinduced charge-carrier separation. This work underlines the possibility of employing polymeric carbon nitride nanostructures as appropriate platforms to establish highly active S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for solar fuel production. 相似文献
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通过简单的沉淀、水热、溶剂热和溶胶凝胶法分别制备出实心球(s-TiO_2)、空心球(h-TiO_2)、纳米管(a-TNT)和介孔形状(mTiO_2)的锐钛矿晶型结构TiO_2光催化材料。采用HRTEM、FESEM、XRD、UV-Vis、N2吸-脱附和光解水制氢反应等对催化材料的微观表面结构、光吸收性能以及不同形貌光催化剂的光解水制氢的性能对比研究。结果表明:s-TiO_2具有最高的光催化活性,主要归功于s-TiO_2独特的微观形貌结构所致,s-TiO_2是由亚微晶颗粒组成的介孔状实心球,亚微晶粒径相比较其它形貌的材料要小,有利于光生载流子的迁移,抑制电子-空穴对的体相复合,导致活性提高。同时,晶化过程用于传质通道的无序微孔可以束缚用作牺牲剂的CH3OH分子,使得空穴快速被牺牲剂消耗,减少与电子复合。 相似文献
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通过简单的沉淀、水热、溶剂热和溶胶凝胶法分别制备出实心球(s-TiO2)、空心球(h-TiO2)、纳米管(a-TNT)和介孔形状(m-TiO2)的锐钛矿晶型结构TiO2光催化材料。采用HRTEM、FESEM、XRD、UV-Vis、N2吸-脱附和光解水制氢反应等对催化材料的微观表面结构、光吸收性能以及不同形貌光催化剂的光解水制氢的性能对比研究。结果表明:s-TiO2具有最高的光催化活性,主要归功于s-TiO2独特的微观形貌结构所致,s-TiO2是由亚微晶颗粒组成的介孔状实心球,亚微晶粒径相比较其它形貌的材料要小,有利于光生载流子的迁移,抑制电子-空穴对的体相复合,导致活性提高。同时,晶化过程用于传质通道的无序微孔可以束缚用作牺牲剂的CH3OH分子,使得空穴快速被牺牲剂消耗,减少与电子复合。 相似文献
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Tomasz Baran Alberto Visibile Michael Busch Xiufang He Szymon Wojtyla Sandra Rondinini Alessandro Minguzzi Alberto Vertova 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(23)
This work aims at reviewing the most impactful results obtained on the development of Cu-based photocathodes. The need of a sustainable exploitation of renewable energy sources and the parallel request of reducing pollutant emissions in airborne streams and in waters call for new technologies based on the use of efficient, abundant, low-toxicity and low-cost materials. Photoelectrochemical devices that adopts abundant element-based photoelectrodes might respond to these requests being an enabling technology for the direct use of sunlight to the production of energy fuels form water electrolysis (H2) and CO2 reduction (to alcohols, light hydrocarbons), as well as for the degradation of pollutants. This review analyses the physical chemical properties of Cu2O (and CuO) and the possible strategies to tune them (doping, lattice strain). Combining Cu with other elements in multinary oxides or in composite photoelectrodes is also discussed in detail. Finally, a short overview on the possible applications of these materials is presented. 相似文献
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Jingfei Luan Hongling Cai Xiping Hao Jibiao Zhang Guoyou Luan Xiaoshan Wu Zhigang Zou 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2007,33(6):487-500
Bi2FeVO7 was prepared by a solid-state reaction technique for the first time and the structural and photocatalytic properties of Bi2FeVO7 were studied. The results shows that this compound crystallized in the tetragonal crystal system with space group I4/mmm.
Moreover, the band gap of Bi2FeVO7 was estimated to be about 2.22(6) eV. For the photocatalytic water splitting reaction, H2 or O2 evolution was observed from pure water with Bi2FeVO7 as the photocatalyst by ultraviolet light irradiation. Degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) dye by photocatalytic way
over this compound was further studied under visible light irradiation. Bi2FeVO7 shows higher catalytic activity compared to TiO2 (P-25) for MB photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. Complete removal of aqueous MB was realized after
visible light irradiation for 170 min with Bi2FeVO7 as the photocatalyst. The reduction of the total organic carbon (TOC) and the formation of inorganic products, SO
4
2−
and NO
3
−
revealed the continuous mineralization of aqueous MB during the photocatalytic course. 相似文献
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研究了在常温常压下TiO2纳米带光催化CO2催化加氢气反应。在紫外光照射下,二氧化碳的加氢还原产物为甲烷。利用高分辨TEM,XRD,UV-Vis DRS,低温氮吸附-脱附,TG等考察了催化剂与甲烷产率的构效关系。结果表明,在600℃焙烧时得到的双晶材料具有最佳的光催化活性。优异的光催化活性主要得益于TiO2双晶脱水纳米带(DNR Bicrystalline dehydratednanoribbon)。上面形成的纳米晶界能够提高催化剂在紫外区的光吸收能力,TiO2(B)和锐钛矿独特的双晶间隔结构也提高了界面电荷分离的效率。担载贵金属Pt显著地提高了反应速率。 相似文献
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At present, carbon dioxide is considered the largest contributor among greenhouse gases. This review covers the current state
of problem of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial and combustion processes, the principle of photocatalysis, existing
literature related to photocatalytic CO2 reduction over TiO2 based catalysts and the effects of important parameters on the process performance including light wavelength and intensity,
type of reductant, metal-modified surface, temperature and pressure.
Presented at the 34th International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 21–25 May
2007. 相似文献
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采用简单的两相分离的水解-溶剂热法,以硫脲为非金属原料,可控地制备了N,S共掺杂的纳米TiO2。所获得的纳米TiO2平均粒径为10 nm、粒径分布集中,且分散性好。N,S共掺杂拓展了纳米TiO2对可见光的响应范围。气氛可控的表面光电压谱(SPS)的测试结果表明,N,S共掺杂引起的表面态能够捕获光生空穴,进而有利于光生电荷分离。在可见光催化氧化水产氧及降解污染物乙醛的过程中,共掺杂的纳米TiO2表现出了高的活性,甚至优越于N掺杂的。这主要归因于N,S共掺杂的纳米TiO2分散性好、可见光吸收强和光生电荷分离高。 相似文献