228名女性桑拿按摩从业人员性病调查分析

目的:为了解我市高危人群性病的流行情况,对我市10家酒店的228名桑拿按摩女性从业人员进行性病调查。结果:发现性病72例,检出率31.57％,其中,细菌性阴道病14.91％(34/228),淋病7.9％(18/228),非淋球菌性宫颈炎7.46％(17/228),尖锐湿疣0.88％(2/228),软下疳0.44％(1/228)。结论:桑拿按摩女性从业人员是性病的高危人群,应主动对该人群进行监测,并加强行为干预和防治。     

女性桑拿按摩从业人员性病/艾滋病感染情况与相关知识调查

目的：了解女性桑拿按摩从业人员性传播疾病／艾滋病(STDs/AIDs)相关知识和感染情况，为开展STDs／AIDs预防干预研究提供依据。方法：采取匿名问卷对774名调查对象进行问卷调查，了解其人口学特征和对STDs／AIDs的认识、态度、信念、行为(KABP)，并通过临床及实验室检查检测STDs/AIDs的感染情况。结果：目标人群在最近3月内从事过商业性行为的占74.2％(537／724)，商业性行为中避孕套使用率为80．6％，与固定性伴侣(夫妻、恋人)性交避孕套使用率为57％；对STDs／AIDs传播途径的正确知晓率为34.3％～56．8％；绝大多数人认为自己没有患STDs／AIDs的危险；约1／3人缺乏正确的求医行为，421名受检者STDs／HIV感染率为24．47％。结论：女性桑拿按摩从业人员中普遍存在STDs／AIDS高危行为，STDs／AIDS知识知晓率低，严重缺乏自我防护意识，STDs／HIV感染率高，必须尽快采取综合干预措施。     

2004-2005年肇庆市桑拿按摩女性服务人群性病及相关高危因素调查分析

目的:掌握肇庆市桑拿娱乐场所服务人群的性病与艾滋病的感染水平、性病防治相关健康知识和健康行为状况,为遏制性病和艾滋病的传播提供科学依据。方法:对桑拿按摩女性服务从业人员进行性病筛查和性病与艾滋病防治相关知识和行为问卷调查。结果:在651名女性服务从业人员中发现性病168例,性病感染率为25.81%,其中有1例HIV阳性;服务从业人员对性病与艾滋病防治知识的知晓率和健康行为形成率偏低。结论:对桑拿按摩女性服务从业人员必须加强健康宣教,大力推广使用安全套等行为干预措施。     

生殖器疱疹患者尿道和宫颈HSV感染的研究

目的：了解生殖器疱疹（GH）患者伴发宫颈和男性尿道单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）感染情况，进一步探讨HSV和非淋菌性尿道炎／官颈炎（NGU）的关系。方法：用HSV聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法检测了56例GH患者的宫颈和男性尿道拭子标本。结果：56例患者中HSV PCR检测阳性共5例，阳性率为8．93％（5／56）。20例女性生殖器疱疹患者宫颈HSV PCR检测阳性率为25．0％（5／20）；36例男性GH患者尿道HSV PCR检测结果均为阴性。结论：生殖器疱疹患者伴发女性宫颈HSV感染更为常见，而伴发男性尿道HSV感染相对少见。HSV感染可能是非淋菌性尿道炎／宫颈炎的一个致病因子，在女性宫颈炎的发病中可能更有意义。     

167例女性吸毒者性行为和三种性传播疾病感染调查分析

目的：了解广州市女性吸毒人群性行为和三种性传播疾病感染情况。方法：对167例女性吸毒的性行为进行问卷调查和三种性传播疾病（淋病、尖锐湿疣、梅毒）的临床和实验室检查。结果：女性吸毒主要以未婚的性活跃年龄段（20岁－29岁）为主,且98．10％未婚吸毒曾有过性行为;167名吸毒女性中,每次性交均使用避孕套的仅有4．79％;检出性病24例,检出率为25．15％,三种性病依次为梅毒19．16％,淋病7．78％,尖锐湿疣1．20％,其中有4例混合感染。结论：女性吸毒性病感染情况严重,是性病传播尤其是梅毒传播的高危人群。     

女性桑拿按摩从业人员与性病门诊就诊者性病病原体检测结果分析

目的:了解女性桑拿按摩从业人员与性病门诊就诊者性病病原体的感染情况。方法:在2001年1月-2005年12月对女性桑拿按摩从业人员617人进行性病病原体检测,并与同期到我中心性病专科门诊的女性就诊者作检测对照。结果:女性桑拿按摩从业人员和性病专科门诊女性就诊者的性病病原体感染率分别为78.28%和66.08%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中解脲支原体(Uu)阳性率分别为50.73%和33.92%,衣原体阳性(CT)率分别为7.94%和12.75%,梅毒阳性率分别为5.19%和11.37%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义;人型支原体(Mh)阳性率分别为3.08%和2.35%,淋球菌(NG)阳性率分别为0.81%和0.78%,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:女性桑拿按摩从业人员性病病原体检出率较高,其中以解脲支原体、CT、梅毒为主。应加强该类人员的性病监测以及健康教育干预工作。     

不同人群中沙眼衣原体检测结果分析

应用聚合酶链反应技术，对3组人群生殖道沙眼衣原体（CT）感染进行了检测，结果显示：STD门诊患，皮肤科住院患及健康对照生殖道CT的检出率分别为19．89％（38／191），6．67％（4／60），4．35（2／46），前组的CT检出率明显高于后两组的检出率（P＜0．05）。表明CT感染与性乱密切相关，另对CT阳性的STD患，同时检查了淋球菌（HGH）和解尿支原体（UU），发现单一CT感染率为26．32％（10／38），混合感染占较大比例（HGH）和解尿支原体（UU），发现单一CT感染率为26．32％（1／38），混合感染占较大比较，CT＋NGH或CT＋VV和CT＋VV＋NGH的感染率分别为34．21％（13／38），和39．47％（15／38）。     

生殖支原体与黏液脓性宫颈炎相关性的研究

目的 探讨生殖支原体与女性非衣原体非淋球菌感染的黏液脓性宫颈炎的相关性。方法 对象包括性病门诊就诊的女性非衣原体非淋球菌感染的黏液脓性宫颈炎患者226例及健康体检人群118例。采集宫颈拭子标本，运用PCR检测生殖支原体。一般情况、病史和性行为等采用问卷调查。结果生殖支原体在非衣原体非淋球菌感染的黏液脓性宫颈炎患者中的检出率为11.06%（25/226），健康体检人群中的检出率为0.85%（1/118），两组间差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 11.58，P < 0.001）。分析226例黏液脓性宫颈炎患者显示，有异位妊娠史、宫颈糜烂、附件压痛及宫颈内管分泌物镜检多型核白细胞≥10个/油镜视野的患者生殖支原体的感染率分别为27.78%，16.36%，18.28%，14.12%，而无异位妊娠史、宫颈糜烂、附件压痛及宫颈内管分泌物镜检多型核白细胞 < 10个/油镜视野的患者分别为9.62%，6.03%，6.02%，1.79%，生殖支原体的感染率差异在四组人群间均有统计学意义（P < 0.05），而多性伴数和宫颈口有黏液脓性分泌物在两组间差异均具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论 性病门诊就诊的非衣原体非淋球菌感染黏液脓性宫颈炎患者中，生殖支原体感染率高于普通人群。     

纪律约束预防异性按摩小姐感染STD的研究

目的：评估纪律约束对预防按摩小姐性传播疾病的作用。方法：对两个按摩中心的各种情况进行比较并经统计学处理，B中心的管理明显较A中心严格。结果：两个按摩中心人口学特征、工作时间、正确认识性病／艾滋病知识情况、正确认识安全套情况经统计学处理没有显著性差异；两组性交百分数没有显著性差异（P〉0．05），但A组（2—5次／月）性交的频率显著高于B组（P〈0．05）；安全套的使用情况两组间没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）；A中心性病检出率为26．53％，B中心性病检出率为7．32％，两组间有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：对按摩小姐进行纪律约束能显著降低性交频率从而预防性传播疾病。     

深圳市龙岗区孕妇性病流行病学分析

目的：了解和掌握孕妇性病的感染情况及流行病学的特点。方法：收集我区2003年度各级医疗单位进行产前保健孕妇资料，进行性病流行病学分析。结果：在2003年度共收集有效孕妇资料19027例，性病发病总人数为612例，占3．22％。其中孕妇梅毒97例，占15．85％，淋病185例，占30．23％；尖锐湿疣101例，占16．5％；生殖器疱疹58例，占9．48％；非淋菌性宫颈炎171例，占27．94％。结论：性病已经由高危人群向普通人群扩散，并已在孕妇中传播，因此，加大孕妇性传播疾病的普查及干预工作是十分必要的。     

Incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection in men who have sex with men related to knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV infection: Dutch MSM-Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study was conducted to investigate whether knowledge, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are associated with the incidence of STDs and new HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: A 3-year cohort study was conducted among 190 HIV-negative MSM. Data were collected on the incidence of STDs and new HIV infections, as well as on knowledge and perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of HIV infection and STDs. Knowledge and perceptions were assessed in self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: In the course of the 3-year study, six MSM (3.2%) HIV-seroconverted and 78 (41.1%) participants were diagnosed with at least one STD. MSM seemed to be better informed about HIV infection compared with STDs, and HIV infection was perceived as more severe than other STDs. In multivariable analyses, low perceived severity of HIV infection significantly (P = 0.025) predicted increased likelihood of infection with STDs or HIV, and the practice of anal intercourse was (marginally) associated with an increased risk of acquiring STDs or HIV (P = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: A high perceived severity of HIV infection seems to induce sexual behavior that protects against STDs and HIV infection. More research is needed to establish the specific behaviors by which perceived severity of STDs/HIV influences the incidence of STDs and HIV.     

Sexually transmitted diseases in 1161 HIV-positive patients: a 38-month prospective study in southern Spain

Background HIV infection is primarily a sexually transmitted disease (STD), but intravenous drug use (IDU) is the main risk factor for HIV infection in certain areas, including southern Europe. A number of prospective studies of dermatological findings in HIV-1 infected patients have been published, almost all from countries where homosexuality is the main risk factor of HIV infection and without correlation with CD4 cell counts. No STD data is included in those studies. Objective To determine the incidence of STDs in a cohort of 1161 HIV-1-positive patients from Spain, in the previous medical history and during the prospective study. Methods We prospectively examined 1161 HIV-1-positive patients for 38 months, 986 men and 175 women. IDU was the risk factor in 74%, while homosexuality was a risk factor in only 9%. CDC stage II was predominant (51%), while stage IV was less frequent (39%). The mean CD4 cell count was 353/mm³. Patients' past and present medical history of STDs was obtained. CD4 cells/mm³ counts were measured at each visit. Results Six hundred and eighty-four patients had a past history of STD, whilst new infections were diagnosed in 258 individuals (22%) during the 38-month study. Pediculosis pubis (26%), gonorrhoea (22%), syphilis (13%), genital Candida infection (11%) and condyloma acuminatum (10%) were the commonest previous STDs, followed by non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) (5%), genital herpes (4%) and trichomoniasis (2%). During the 38-month study period and with strong recommendation of condom use for sexual intercourse, condyloma acuminatum (7%), scabies (6%), syphilis (4%) and genital herpes (3%) were commonly diagnosed, followed by gonorrhoea (1.8%), NGU (1.6%), genital Candida infection (1,5%), pediculosis pubis (0.6%) and trichomoniasis (0.3%). Only genital herpes had a statistically significant association with advanced stage (P= 5.12 × 10^-6) and low CD4 cell counts (180 ± 166 cells/mm³). Conclusion Despite the predominance of the IDU factor among our patients, the incidence of STDs in the past medical history was surprisingly high. The incidence of STD during the study was also high, despite the advice of using condoms after the diagnosis of HIV infection. STDs may accelerate the course of HIV infection and be a poor prognostic indicator in these patients. If an HIV-1-positive patient can acquire an STD, he/she can also transmit HIV infection. This indicates that new publicity campaigns are still needed to stop HIV and STDs infection among HIV-positive patients as well as in the general population.     

High prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men in Jiangsu Province, China

OBJECTIVE:: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV infection, and sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Jiangsu Province, China. DESIGN:: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study. METHODS:: From February to July 2003, men who attended 10 participating gay bars in five cities in Jiangsu Province were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire, including measures of alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. Blood samples and urethral swabs were taken to examine the presence of STDs, including HIV infection. RESULTS:: A total of 144 men were recruited in the study. Forty-six percent of men reported unprotected anal intercourse with their male sexual partners in the past 3 months. No one was found to be HIV-infected, but the prevalence of STDs was high: gonorrhea 2.7%, chlamydial infection 8.0%, nonchlamydial nongonococcal urethritis 27.7%, active syphilis 6.9%, hepatitis B virus infection 9.1%, herpes simplex virus-2 infection 7.8%, and genital warts 13.2%. CONCLUSIONS:: Given that HIV prevalence among MSM in some other parts of China has been as high as 3%, STDs facilitate the transmission of HIV, and high prevalence of STDs and sexual risk behaviors among MSM exist in Jiangsu Province, the potential for the future spread of HIV is of concern, and it is urgent to provide MSMs with STD healthcare services and HIV/AIDS/STD prevention education and intervention.     

Investigation of a suspected outbreak of vaginal trichomoniasis among female inmates.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Female inmates have high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and many incarcerated women and jail providers believe STDs are acquired within the jail. We investigated a suspected outbreak of trichomoniasis among female inmates and described the epidemiology of trichomonas infection. GOALS OF THIS STUDY: To determine the likelihood of within-jail acquisition of trichomoniasis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of gynecologic visits to the jail medical clinic and comparison of trichomoniasis surveillance data over a 6-year time period. RESULTS: The minimum prevalence of trichomoniasis infection among 450 female inmates presenting to the medical clinic for gynecologic evaluation was 37%. Most infections were diagnosed early after incarceration, no woman developed a new infection after adequate treatment, and there was no clustering of cases by time or location. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence to support within-jail acquisition of trichomoniasis. The high rate of trichomoniasis and other STDs among incarcerated women warrant more comprehensive jail-based STD screening programs.     

STD就诊者阴道加特纳菌及其它病原体感染研究

目的:探讨女性STD就诊者阴道加特纳菌(GV)及其它病原菌的感染情况.方法:检测疑为STD患者标本890份(患者组)和健康人标本120份(对照组),用实时荧光PCR检测患者解脲脲原体(Uu)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、沙眼衣原体(Ct)和阴道加特纳菌(GV),同时用超高倍显微诊断系统在相差视野下镜检念珠菌(CD)和阴道毛滴虫(TV).结果:STD患者组GV的阳性率为32.14%在CD(40.11%)之后占第2位、对照组GV的阳性率为7.5%.结论:STD患者GV阳性率较高,对STD患者应注意GV的检测和治疗.     

Cervical dysplasia and HIV type 1 infection in African pregnant women: a cross sectional study, Kigali, Rwanda. The Pregnancy and HIV Study Group (EGE)

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and their association with HIV-1 infection and immunodeficiency among pregnant women in Kigali, Rwanda. METHODS: As part of a cohort study on the impact of HIV-1 infection on pregnancy outcome, HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV-) pregnant women were enrolled during the last trimester of pregnancy at the maternity ward of the Centre Hospitalier de Kigali from July 1992 to August 1993. At inclusion, women were screened for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)--syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis. CD4+ lymphocyte counts were measured and a Papanicolaou smear performed. RESULTS: Papanicolaou smear was interpretable in 103 HIV+ women and 107 HIV- women. Prevalence of SILs was significantly higher in HIV+ women than in HIV- women: 24.3% v 6.5% (odds ratio = 4.6; 95% CI: 1.8-12.3). SIL+ women (n = 32) tended to have more STDs than SIL- women (n = 178), but this did not reach a statistical difference: 37.5% and 24.7% respectively (p = 0.13). They also had a mean CD4 count significantly lower than SIL- women (623 and 784 CD4+ cells x 10(6)/l, respectively; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: SILs were HIV related and the association with immunosuppression was statistically significant. Prevalence of SILs was high in this population of pregnant women with high HIV/STDs prevalence. Screening policy for STDs and SILs in African women should be assessed in prenatal care.