符合测量实验方法研究

讨论研究了符合测量实验的有关问题，提出实验过程中的几个方法和技巧。     

一维全场彩虹喷雾测量方法试验研究

全场彩虹技术受限于单点区域测量,如何拓展其到多点测量甚至一维测量,对于其实用性具有重要的意义。对提出的全场彩虹系统一维化原理进行了分析,设计并搭建了一维全场彩虹测量系统。分析了系统参数的选择对彩虹图像的影响,并改进了标定方法。用该系统对乙醇喷雾在一维线区域的蒸发物理过程进行了定量研究,得到的结果与PDA测量结果进行了对比,符合实际物理现象。     

纹影法测量远场焦斑实验研究

 报导了用纹影法测量远场焦斑的实验结果。远场焦斑经成像透镜放大成像后,由12bit,1 024×1 024面阵科学级CCD相机采集。将一定大小的小球放置在焦斑位置,用以遮挡光斑中心,控制CCD前的衰减可得旁瓣信息,将其与无遮挡光斑拼接,得到焦斑相对强度的完整分布。该方法扩展了焦斑光强测试的动态范围,可探测焦斑约4个量级的光能密度分布,提高了焦斑的测量精度。     

纹影法测量远场焦斑实验研究

报导了用纹影法测量远场焦斑的实验结果。远场焦斑经成像透镜放大成像后,由12bit,1 024×1 024面阵科学级CCD相机采集。将一定大小的小球放置在焦斑位置,用以遮挡光斑中心,控制CCD前的衰减可得旁瓣信息,将其与无遮挡光斑拼接,得到焦斑相对强度的完整分布。该方法扩展了焦斑光强测试的动态范围,可探测焦斑约4个量级的光能密度分布,提高了焦斑的测量精度。     

Measurement of ionospheric heights by the method of delayed coincidence

A precision method of ionospheric height measurement is described. It utilises the method of coincidence as is used in the study of delayed nuclear reactions. The accuracy attained has been much higher than has hitherto been possible. In the present stage of development this has been ± 0.1 km., but with further refinements in the circuits it is possible to improve upon this. It is expected that the technique will be found very useful in studying small variations in height such as for studying the fine structure of the ionosphere, the tidal effects and similar cases.     

Nuclear rotations studied by the time-dependent variational method

A general nuclear rotation including precession and wobbling motion is studied by the time-dependent variational method and a classical equation of motion is derived. The intrinsic wave function associated with the general rotational motion is constructed by making use of the constrained Hartree-Fock method and variables necessary in solving the equation are calculated. The method developed here is applied to a schematic extension of the Nilsson model.     

落球法测量液体黏度的实验研究

通过对实验数据进行分析,给出了在实验室条件下斯托克斯公式的修正系数,并将液体黏度的计算结果与公认值进行比较发现,与文献给出的修正公式计算结果相比,本文给出的计算结果误差小.在相同条件下还利用其他液体进行了验证实验,得到了一致的结论.     

Separate measurement of compton profile due to 1s electrons in Fe,Ni and Cu by coincidence method

The use of a solid state detector has enabled us to measure the contribution from 1s electrons separately by the coincidence technique. The discrepancy between the measured profile and the corresponding calculated ones shows that the approximations used in the calculations are poor.     

纳米云纹法实验研究

结合原子力显微镜技术提出了一种新型纳米云纹方法 ,并应用该方法进行纳米范围的变形。实验中选用原子力显微镜显示屏的扫描线做为参考栅 ,云母和高纯定向石墨的晶格结构做为试件。对纳米云纹形成原理及测量方法进行了详尽讨论。运用该方法对强脉冲激光辐照激光照射之后云母试样的剩余变形进行测量研究。成功的实验结果表明这种方法是可行性的 ,可望在纳米力学行为研究中获得广泛应用。     

A study on the 3-D measurement by using digital projection moiré method

Moiré topography method is a well-known non-contacting 3-D measurement method. Recently, the automatic 3-D measurement technique by moiré topography has been developed in order to apply to the engineering and medical fields. The projection moiré topography is very attractive because of its high measuring speed and high sensitivity. In this paper, using the two-wavelength methods of projection moiré topography was investigated to measure the 3-D shape of an object with 2π-ambiguity problems. Rapid measurement can be accomplished by the synchronization between CCD camera and projector. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme is capable of finding absolute fringe orders, so that the 2π-ambiguity problems can be effectively overcome so as to treat large step discontinuities in measured objects.     

A comment on the energy coincidence method in angle-resolved photoemission

In the analysis of angle-resolved photoemission data for gold, Christensen suggested that the triangulation method of photoemission is inapplicable to materials with flat occupied electronic bands. We show that this argument is not fully justified because the accuracy of the triangulation method can be improved from what is obtained for the configuration discussed by Christensen by studying energy-coincident spectral features over an extended k?-region in a plane of the Brillouin zone.     

The accurate measurement of weak three-photon annihilation by a simple triple coincidence technique

The method of triple coincidence is optimized for the detection of the orthopositronium decay. Two positron sources 86-Ge and 22-Na, are compared. The influence of sandwich thickness is described and a method for the correction for those effects is given. This work is supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, through research contract 2516/R.B.     

Experimental study of multi-photon contamination on the measurement of fluorescent decay time

In the measurement of fluorescent lifetime based on time correlation-single photon counting technique by means of TAC, due to the contamination of multi-photons a deviation of fluorescent lifetime measured from the expected value is experimentally studied. A correction function instead of a simple exponential function is used to fit the experiment data. The validation of the correction function is checked using the experimental data of several test samples: YAP, NaI(Tl) and LSO. The results show that the correction function well fits the data and the reasonable fluorescent lifetimes are obtained.     

Experimental study of multi-photon contamination on the measurement of fluorescent decay time

In the measurement of fluorescent lifetime based on time correlation-single photon counting technique by means of TAC, due to the contamination of multi-photons a deviation of fluorescent lifetime measured from the expected value is experimentally studied. A correction function instead of a simple exponential function is used to fit the experiment data. The validation of the correction function is checked using the experimental data of several test samples: YAP, NaI(T1) and LSO. The results show that the correction function well fits the data and the reasonable fluorescent lifetimes are obtained.     

Triple coincidence measurement of annihilation radiation — chemical application

Three photon yields and $\text{2γ}\text{3γ}$ ratios have been measured for several copper containing substances. The different extents of positronium formation have been substantiated through Doppler broadening, angular correlation and magnetic quenching in angular correlation and in peak-to-valley ratios of singles spectra at different fields. Application to chemical characterisation is indicated.     

彩虹自标定方法对混合喷雾比例的原位测量

传统彩虹测量技术标定复杂、精度可重复性差且难以适应密闭空间。一种基于多彩虹谱线自标定方法,可省去原有的标定系统装置,将标定过程内化于对彩虹信号的处理,以水为例的测量偏差仅为0.13%。将该技术应用于混合喷雾液滴组分浓度测量中,探究并优化了参与混合的两种液体组分的方案。实验采用60%乙醇-水混合喷雾,原位测量了混合喷雾场多点组分浓度,测量结果差别可以控制在0.5%以内,表明该方法技术在相关领域的应用潜力。     

The study of distribution and forms of uranium occurrences in Lake Baikal sediments by the SSNTD method

Sediments of Lake Baikal drill cores VER-96-1 St8 TW2 (5332^′15^″E; 10756^′25^″N), (interval 181.8–235 cm from the sediment surface) were studied by means of SSNTD with the aim of defining uranium occurrence in the sediments and the uranium concentration. The neutron-fission ((n,f)-autoradiographic) method allowed a detailed study of uranium distribution of these Lake Baikal sediments within the Academicheskiy Ridge. Layered accumulations of uranium-bearing grained phosphorite, uranium-bearing particles of organic material, and abnormal uranium concentration in diatomite of unknown origin were discovered.     

FE L用于阈l能反应分子法激光分离铀同位素研究

提出了自由电子激光(FEL)的一种可能应用.指出静电电子加速器驱动的FEL技术目前已有能力满足阈能反应分子法激光分离铀同位素的要求.阈能反应分子法由于只需一次激光激发,因此从原理上讲,它的一次分离系数很高,优于原子法与其他分子法,在高浓铀小规模(10kg/a)生产中有其可行性.     

Single-shot measurement of a carrier-envelope phase by use of a time-dependent polarization pulse

We propose a method for single-shot measurement of the carrier-envelope phase of high-intensity laser pulses. The method is based on observation of the electrons' spatial distribution ionized by a time-dependent polarization pulse generated by a combination of replicas of the measuring pulse. The dependence of the electrons' angular distribution on carrier-envelope phase, pulse width, delay between two combining components, and a peak intensity is calculated. Important experimental issues such as broadening of the angular distribution, Gouy phase, difference between the two replicas, and asymmetric pulse shape are also discussed.     

Experimental study on the surface stress measurement with Rayleigh wave detection technique

In this paper, experimental study on the surface stress measurement of a metallic material based on the Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic theory is introduced. A Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic formula deduced by Husson is optimized to estimate the surface stress of the material. Two micro Rayleigh wave transducers with 5 MHz frequency one of which is used for acoustic pulse emitter and another for receiver are used to determine the time of flight of Rayleigh wave propagating in a certain distance along the surface of the material. The difference in time of flight between two ultrasonic signals obtained in stressed and unstressed object surface is identified by the digital correlation method. A specimen made of Q235 steel and applied with tensile load is used for calibration to obtain the acoustoelastic coefficients of Q235 steel. Furthermore, some principal factors which may result in errors in the experiment are discussed and some measurements are proposed to prevent these errors. Finally the surface stress of a cantilever beam is detected by the Rayleigh wave acoustoelastic technique and the experimental result is well compared with the theoretical value.