内氧化法制备Al2O3／Cu复合材料的再结晶行为

以Cu2O为氧化剂，采用Cu-Al合金粉末内氧化及后续的粉末冶金法制备了Al2O3／Cu复合材料。并将不同Al2O3含量的试样进行不同变形量的冷拔处理，在氮气保护下进行高温退火处理(700℃～1050℃，1h)。研究了硬度随退火温度的变化规律，观察了显微组织。结果表明：在铜基体中弥散分布着纳米级的Al2O3颗粒：经900℃，1h退火后Al2O3／Cu复合材料的硬度可保持室温的87％以上；其再结晶温度高达1000℃；变形量和Al2O3含量增加均使硬度提高，但对软化和再结晶温度影响不大。     

Cu-Al合金平板内氧化组织性能研究

采用简化的内氧化工艺制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,研究不同内氧化时间(3～10h)及不同变形量(20%～80%)下的Al2O3/Cu复合材料的显微硬度和导电率,并对其显微组织进行了分析。结果表明:内氧化法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料中弥散分布着纳米级的Al2O3颗粒;复合材料的表面和内部的晶粒大小明显不同,表面晶粒较小(粒径10～30μm);冷加工变形量越大,Al2O3颗粒与位错的缠结越严重;经900℃内氧化制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料具有良好的导电率和显微硬度。     

制备工艺对Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

以Al2O3颗粒为增强相,分别采用内氧化法和粉末冶金法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,并在HST100型载流高速试验机上进行了载流摩擦磨损性能测试,研究了制备工艺对Al2O3/Cu复合材料载流摩擦性能的影响。结果表明,内氧化法制备的A12O3/Cu复合材料的导电率和硬度均高于粉末冶金法制备的A12O3/Cu复合材料,且内氧化法比粉末冶金法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料具有更低的磨损率和摩擦系数。微观组织观察表明,内氧化法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料内部Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,且Al2O3颗粒与铜基体的界面结合整齐致密无污染,这是内氧化法比粉末冶金法制备的Al2O3/Cu复合材料具有更优抗载流摩擦磨损性能的主要原因。     

纳米Al2O3p/CU复合材料的再结晶微观结构分析

针对传统高导电材料的抗软化温度较低的不足，研究开发了高软化温度的纳米Al2O2颗粒增强Cu基复合材料。测试了Al2O3p／Cu复合材料的退火温度-硬度关系曲线，采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和能谱仪分析了其再结晶过程的微观组织结构变化规律。结果表明，Al2O3p／Cu复合材料具有很高的再结晶软化抗力，退火温度超过900℃再结晶过程才明显进行；其晶粒直径在0．5～5μm之间，α—Al2O3质点直径在10～20nm之间，且主要分布在亚晶界上；探讨了Al2O3p／Cu复合材料再结晶形核机制和纳米氧化铝质点对再结晶核心长大的影响。     

真空热压烧结Al2O3/Cu-Cr复合材料的组织与性能

采用简化内氧化真空热压烧结工艺制备了不同Cu2O加入量(4%、5%、6%)的Al2O3/Cu-Cr复合材料.分析研究了其微观组织与性能,并研究了冷变形对材料性能的影响.结果表明,在铜基体上弥散分布着细小粒状Al2O3颗粒,其粒径为5~20 nm,颗粒间距为20～150 nm;Al2O3/Cu-Cr复合材料经80%变形后,其硬度和抗拉强度明显提高,而电导率则随变形量的增大先升高后降低;随着Cu2O加入量的增加,材料的抗软化性能逐渐提高;当Cu2O加入量为5%时,真空热压烧结(950 ℃,2 h,22 MPa)后全部完成内氧化,且变形后综合性能最优,此时Cu2O含量为最佳的添加量.     

弥散强化Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料的外氧化制备工艺研究

采用外氧化法生成氧化剂Cu2O,在真空条件下进行内氧化烧结,制备Al2O3颗粒弥散强化的铜基复合材料,对其工艺和微观组织进行研究。研究表明:更高的热挤压加热温度和延长保温时间,有助于残余的氧化剂Cu2O转变成Cu;经热挤压变形后,0.48ω%Al2O3/Cu复合材料的导电率随变形量的增加可分为升高区和降低区两个区,而洛氏硬度随变形量的增加而增加,当变形量达到40%后,硬度增加趋于平缓。     

内氧化法制备Al2O3/Cu点焊电极的装机试验

采用内氧化法制备了0．6Al2O3／Cu复合材料，以该复合材料棒材为原料制备了点焊电极，并进行了装机试验和微观组织结构分析。研究结果表明：采用内氧化法制备的0．6Al2O3／Cu复合材料在铜基体中弥散分布着纳米级细小Al2O3颗粒。由于Al2O3颗粒硬度高，热稳定性和化学稳定性好，使该复合材料制备的点焊电极抗塑性变形能力强、抗坑蚀能力优良、再结晶温度高，并具有优越的抗粘接能力，使用寿命是铬锆铜电极的3倍多。     

Al2O3弥散强化铜/铬复合材料的强化机理

采用简化内氧化-真空热压烧结新工艺制备了不同氧化剂Cu2O含量的Al2O3弥散强化Cu-Al2O3/Cr复合材料,考察了塑性变形和氧化剂含量对抗拉强度和显微硬度的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析了其微观组织,在此基础上综合分析了该复合材料的强化机理,并定量计算了各种强化因素的增强效果.结果表明:简化内氧化-真空热压烧结新工艺成功制备了基体晶粒细小的Cu-Al2O3/Cr复合材料;氧化剂Cu2O含量为5％时Cu-Al2O3/Cr复合材料的抗拉强度和硬度较高,且均随着变形量的增加而增加;细小的Al2O3颗粒的弥散强化和Cr颗粒相的聚集强化是该复合材料强化的主要原因,形变强化对其强化有一定贡献.     

制备方法对Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织和性能的影响

以纳米Al2O3为增强相,分别采用内氧化法、冷压烧结法、SPS法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,测试了3种不同工艺方法制备的复合材料的性能,并通过扫描电镜观察了其微观组织.结果表明,内氧化法制备的复合材料中Al2O3颗粒在铜基体上分布较为均匀,硬度HBS最高可达115,综合性能最好;冷压烧结法制备的复合材料综合性能较差;SPS法制备的复合材料致密度和电导率较高,分别达到99.18％和55.68 MS/m,但硬度较低.     

内氧化制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料组织性能研究

采用内氧化工艺,用Cu2O粉作氧化剂,在900℃下使Cu-Al合金薄平板内氧化,获得Al2O3/Cu复合材料,研究Al2O3/Cu复合材料的组织特征及性能。结果表明,复合层中Al2O3颗粒呈弥散状分布;复合层表层和内部的晶粒大小明显不同,表层处晶粒比内部的细小,固溶在Cu基体内部的Al内氧化时以Al2O3形态从基体析出,弥散分布的Al2O3颗粒强化了铜基体,表面显微硬度提高。与固溶在Cu基体中的Al原子相比,Al2O3对电子的散射要小得多,因而内氧化析出Al2O3后电导率升高。Al2O3/Cu复合材料薄板随着冷加工变形量的增加,氧化颗粒与位错的缠结越严重。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.