Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFC)

A detailed overview has been given concerning the use of rare earth materials in cathode fabrica-tion of solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC).It is focused on the various synthesis methods of the perovskite-typemixed rare earth oxides and the physical and chemical properties of the materials for cathode application ofSOFC.Also discussed is the doping mechanism of the related materials.Documented investigations showthat lanthanide of transition metals,especially manganese,chromium doped with strontium are most advan-tageous for the application.The crystallography,defect structure,conductivity and thermal matching withthe electrolyte and high temperature stability of cathode in oxidative gases are particularly emphasized.     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)电解质材料

在固体氧化物燃料电池（ＳＯＦＣ）研究中，中低温ＳＯＦＣ的研究日益受到人们的重视，研究热点主要集中在电解质材料及其薄膜制备，主要包括锆基电解质薄膜（１～２０μｍ），铈基电解质，铋基电解质以及复合氧化物电解质材料的研究，其ＳＯＦＣ操作温度一般在５００～８００℃。其中以各种掺杂铈基电解质研究最多，而且在中低温ＳＯＦＣ应用中已显示出一定的潜在优势。     

固体氧化物燃料电池中的电解质

综述了固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）中固体电解质的研究概况,分析了ZrO2基、CeO2基、Bi2O3基固体电解质和掺杂的LaGaO3为代表的钙钛矿结构的固体电解质的优缺点以及作为SOFC电解质存在的问题,中低温度下稳定的高离子电导率的固体电解质的研制开发及固体电解质的薄膜化研究是降低S0FC工作温度的两个重要途径。     

CeO2基固体电解质材料研究进展

稀土或碱土氧化物掺杂铈基电解质在中低温下具有高的离子电导率,被认为是一种很有前途的电解质材料.本文主要对各种掺杂铈基电解质材料研究及在固体氧化物中的应用进行了综述.对掺杂铈基电解质的制备方法进行简单介绍.     

大气等离子喷涂固体氧化物燃料电池用低温阴极材料

大气等离子喷涂由于能够快速制备具有可控微结构的功能涂层,在固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)制造中具有广阔的应用前景。该技术使得低温运行(500～700℃)的SOFCs可通过在耐用低成本金属支撑体上直接喷涂得以制备。不过,目前商业应用的SOFCs所使用的标准阴极材料在较低运行温度下具有很高的极化电阻,因此,开发可替代的高性能低温阴极材料是推动金属支撑体应用的关键。在不锈钢基材上通过轴向注入大气等离子喷涂方法制备了镧锶钴铁氧化物(LSCF)涂层,并对涂层的厚度和微观结构进行了表征,同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)方法分析了等离子喷涂过程中涂层材料的分解和杂质相的产生。根据这些结果确定了能够制备LSCF涂层的等离子喷涂参数,以及可用于喷涂复合阴极涂层的条件范围。     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质的研制

研究通过固相法制备固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料。研究了试验条件对材料性能的影响,筛选最佳合成工艺,并对其进行掺杂改性,达到提高材料结构稳定性、离子电导率的目的。     

Sealing Glass of Barium-Calcium-Aluminosilicate System for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Glass-ceramic materials were developed as a sealant in the solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） in the temperature range of 800 -850 ℃. The glass materials were based on the glass and glass-ceramic in the BaO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-La2O3-B2O3 system. The thermal expansion coefficient （TEC） decreased with lower Ba^2＋ content and higher Ca^2＋ content, but the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature increased greatly with an increase in Ca^2＋ content and a decrease in Ba^2＋ content, when the other components in the sealant were invariable. The TEC of the sealant with Ba^2＋ content of 25.4% was 10.8 × 10^-6 K^- 1（temperature range from 25 to 850℃）, and its softening temperature was 950 ℃. The TEC of the sealant accorded well with that of La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.5Mg0.2o3- 6（LSGM） with a mismatch of only 3%. The sealant had superior stability and compatibility with the LSGM electrolyte during the process of operation in SOFC. The weight loss of the sealant with Ba^2＋ content of 25.4% was approfimately zero after heat-treated at 800℃ for 500 h in H2 and O2 atmosphere, respectively.     

低温固体氧化物燃料电池失效组织演变研究

低温固体氧化物燃料电池(LT-SOFC)因具有放电功率高、性能优异而广受关注,但目前此类电池的稳定性尚待提高以满足商用需求.本文使用LT-SOFC常用的材料体系(NCAL、SDC),采用共压法制备了样品并进行了放电试验.电池失效后对其组织进行了解剖,重点分析了失效组织演变行为,探索了引起电池失效可能的机制.本研究还采用...     

固体氧化物燃料电池的中低温化研究

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT—SOFC)是目前固体氧化物燃料电池研究的热点和发展的趋势。对中低温固体氧化物燃料电池的研究现状进行了综述，重点对降低SOFC操作温度主要途径，如电解质薄膜化、新型高电导率电解质材料和高性能电极的研究等几方面进行了论述。     

Status of Research on Application of High Purity Rare Earth Oxides in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a high-efficient and environmentally friendly power generation system.The rare earth oxide materials are used extensively in the manufacturing of SOFC components.In particular, the CeO2doped with Gd2O3 or Sm2O3, lanthanide perovskite oxides are indispensable and key materials for developing the intermediate temperature SOFC.The research and development status of application of high purity rare earth oxides in SOFC was overviewed.The rare earth oxide-based and -doped materials were discussed for the SOFC components.Concerning the rare earth oxides applicable to SOFC, several topics were also pointed out for further researching and developing.     

Low Temperature Preparation of Ceria Solid Solutions Doubly Doped with Rare-Earth and Alkali-Earth and Their Properties as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Solidoxidefuelcells (SOFCs)haveseveraldis tinctadvantages ,e .g .,highenergyconversioneffi ciency ,wideadaptabilitytofuels ,theusageofnon preciousmaterials ,noliquids ,nocorrosions ,modularconstructionandmuchlowerproductionofNOx,SOxandnoise .Therefore ,theyreceiveincreasingatten tion[1,2 ] .AtypicalSOFCwhichutilizesyttria stabi lizedzirconia (YSZ)astheelectrolyterequireshighoperationtemperaturesuchas 10 0 0℃togainhighe noughionicconductivity .Loweringtheoperationtem peratureto 80 0℃wou…     

Thermal Stability of Rare Earth-Rich Phase in High Temperature Titanium Alloy

Ｏｖｅｒ４０ｙｅａｒｓａｇｏ，ｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｍｅｔａｌｓｗｅｒｅｄｉｓｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｉｔａｎｉｕｍｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｉｎｇｏｔｍｅｔａｌｕｒｇｙｐｒｏｃｅｓ［１，２］，ａｎｄｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇ...     

Study of Bi_2O_3-based Rare Earth Solid Electrolyte Used in Fuel Cell

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＢｉ_２Ｏ_３－ｂａｓｅｄＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＳｏｌｉｄＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅＵｓｅｄｉｎＦｕｅｌＣｅｌｌ￥ＨｅＬａｎｙｉｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＧｕａｎｇｙｕ；ＬｉｕＪｉａｎｇ；ＳｕＷｅｎｈｕｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＪｉｌｉｎＵ...     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质材料的研究进展

评述了中温固体氧化物燃料电池（中温SOFC）中固体电解质的研究进展，对ZrO2基、CeO2基、Bi2O3基和ABO3型的钙钛矿类4种电解质材料的最新进展和今后的发展趋势作了评述。对几种电解质材料的优缺点进行了分析，同时对高温电解质YSZ薄膜化技术也作了简要介绍，因此不难得出，寻求新的、优良的中温SOFC的电解质材料仍然是新世纪推动中温SOFC实用化的关键任务之一，而YSZ薄膜化技术的研究则是研究的另一个重点，且最有可能取得突破。     

高温热障涂层陶瓷层材料研究进展

热障涂层具有良好的隔热效果和抗高温氧化性能,应用于燃气轮机可以显著提高高温部件的使用温度和寿命。先进航空发动机的发展对热障涂层陶瓷面层材料的防护效果和使用寿命提出了更高的要求。本文综述了掺杂改性氧化锆、烧绿石结构稀土锆酸盐、六铝酸镧、石榴石结构化合物、钙钛矿几种不同新型高温热障涂层的陶瓷材料的研究进展,并在此基础上对热障涂层的发展方向进行了展望。     

Oxide Scale Morphology and Chromium Evaporation Characteristics of Alloys for Balance of Plant Applications in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

This article compares chromium evaporation characteristics of chromia- and alumina-forming alloys at high temperatures [1123 K and 1223 K (800 °C to 950 °C)] in humid air (3 and 12 pct H₂O) and presents a mechanistic understanding of variation in chromium evaporation on the basis of their oxide scale morphologies. For this study, an alloy from each of the distinct chromia-forming, alumina-forming, and chromia-alumina transition characteristics was selected (i.e., an alumina-forming alloy (Aluchrom YHf), a chromia-forming alloy (AISI 310S-austentic stainless steel), and an alloy that undergoes transition from chromia to alumina formation (Nicrofer6025 HT)). For generating baseline chromium evaporation data, pure chromium oxide was also tested. The chromium evaporation rate decreased in the order pure chromium oxide > AISI 310S > Nicrofer6025 HT > Aluchrom YHf. Surface morphologies, cross sections, and chemical characteristics of oxide scales were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and focused ion beam. The variation in chromium evaporation of different alloys is explained on the basis of physical and chemical characteristics of the oxide scales.     

水热法合成BaNd_xFe_（12－x）O_（19）铁氧体的研究

本文利用水热法合成了六角形磁铅石结构的ＢａＮｄｘＦｅ（１２－ｘ）Ｏ（１９）铁氧体，用Ｘ射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计等仪器对粉末的结构、形貌和磁学性能进行了研究，并讨论了Ｎｄ（３＋）对钡铁氧体磁学性能的影响。结果表明，Ｎｄ（３＋）可以明显提高ＢａＦｅ（１２）Ｏ（１９）粉末的矫顽力。     

Preparation and Characterization of Component Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Glycine-Nitrate Process

La1-xSrxGa1-yMgyO3-δ (LSGM) electrolyte, La1-xSrxCr1-yMnyO3-δ (LSCM) anode and La1-xSrxFe1-yMnyO3-δ (LSFM) cathode materials were all synthesized by glycine-nitrate process (GNP). The microstructure and characteristics of LSGM, LSCM and LSFM were tested via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), A C impedance and four-probe direct current techniques. XRD shows that pure perovskite phase LSGM electrolyte and electrode (LSCM anode and LSFM cathode) materials were prepared after being sintered at 1400 ℃ for 20 h and at 1000 ℃ for 5 h, respectively. The max conductivities of LSGM (ionic conductivity), LSCM (total conductivity) and LSFM (total conductivity) materials are 0.02, 10, 16 S·cm-1 in the air below 850 ℃, respectively. The conductivity of LSCM becomes smaller when the atmosphere changes from air to pure hydrogen at the same temperature and it decreases with the temperature like metal. The porous and LSGM-based LSCM anode and LSFM cathode films were prepared by screen printing method, and the sintering temperatures for them were 1300 and 1250 ℃, respectively. LSGM and electrode (LSCM and LSFM) materials have good thermal and chemical compatibility.     

金属钕及氧化钕中稀土杂质光谱测定

在色散０．２５ｍｍ／ｍｍ光栅光谱仪上,以控制气氛直流电弧粉末地测定了金属钕及氧化钕中氧化镧、氧化铈、氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆、氧化镝和氧化钇。采用正交设计实验,确定了测定条件。测定的下限对氧化铈、氧化镨为０．０５％,氧化镧、氧化钐、氧化钆、氧化镝和氧化钇为０．０３％,相对标准偏差为６％￣１８％。     

燃料电池及其相关材料新进展(三)

５－５　ＭＣＦＣ电池堆或发电装置范例ＭＣＦＣ电池堆可分为综合型大容量堆和内重整堆及外重整堆等数类。以１００ｋＷ大容量堆为例,该堆由两个５０ｋＷ组件级联而成。每个组件由４４层１－２ｍ２的电池构成（上、下两部分各２２个单电池,两部分之间为中间加热器）。３０ｋＷ内重整堆由６０个面积为０－５ｍ２的单电池组成。１９９３年日本着手１０００ｋＷ外重整型发电系统的研究工作,１００ｋＷ系统得到认可后,１９９７年进行１０００ｋＷ试验装置试验,并将发电装置规模扩大到２０～５０ＭＷ。ＭＣＦＣ发电装置主要由电池堆、燃料重…