Associations between disease risk and eight polymorphisms adopted for genotype announcements at Nagoya University Hospital

Genetic polymorphisms have the potential to predict disease susceptibility. This may be especially useful among individuals with a high-risk lifestyle, so that the genotyping could be adopted for disease prevention through modifications toward a lower-risk lifestyle. We started a program of free genotype announcements in a polymorphism study among health checkup examinees at the Nagoya University Hospital on June 9, 2003. Since such announcements remain controversial for fear of unexpected harmful effects and counseling system, the accumulated evidence on the association between disease risk and genotypes announcements in our study was reviewed in this article. The genotypes used were those of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) Arg47His, aldelhyde dehydlrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Glu487Lys, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T, glutathlione S transferase M1 (GSTM1), glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1), interleukin-1B (IL-1B) C-31T, and tumor necrosis factor A (TNF-A) T-1031C, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) Ins/Del. Since showed a potential for widespread use in health checkups, the information on the above polymorphisms seems worth documenting. Although there have been no complaints from the participants to date, careful treatments are requested.     

中医健康体检服务模式研究

目的探索建立中医健康体检服务模式。方法回顾性研究2013—2015年首都医科大学附属北京中医医院治未病中心对某事业单位职工实施中医健康体检服务前后的健康体检资料,2013年常规体检,2014、2015年增加中医健康体检服务和治未病服务。通过分析职工的满意度、生活行为方式以及体质的变化,探讨中医健康体检服务的实施效果。结果 2013年职工对健康体检服务的满意度为77.23%,2014年、2015年满意度分别为91.75%、93.06%,较2013年明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);2014年体检结束后,针对该单位职工中医体质偏颇分布情况和饮食结构不合理、体力活动缺乏、作息不规律这3项较突出的健康风险问题,开展中医养生保健宣教,2015年的生活行为方式较2014年明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);2014、2015年体检后接受治未病服务,即中医辨体调养干预服务3个月的人群与未干预组对比,体质有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论以中医体质辨识、四诊检查、中医经络检测、中医体检报告解读以及中医养生保健知识宣教为主要内容的中医健康体检服务模式,作为西医健康体检套餐的补充,与中医治未病手段结合后,能更好地满足人们改善亚健康、促进健康的需求,值得中医治未病工作者进一步研究。     

武汉地区536名体检人群ALDH2的基因多态性分布

目的 了解武汉地区体检人群ALDH2基因多态性的分布情况.方法 选取2015年6月至2016年4月在武汉大学人民医院进行ALDH2基因检测的无亲缘关系健康体检人群536名,其中男性384名,女性152名.采用基因芯片法检测ALDH2 rs671基因多态性,同时与已报道的其他地区ALDH2 rs671基因型结果进行比较.结果 在武汉地区536名体检人群中,ALDH2 rs671三种基因型即GG型、GA型和AA型频率分别为64.18%、31.90%和3.92%;不同年龄段ALDH2基因型分布比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).本地区与上海、洛阳、西宁、四川地区ALDH2 rs671基因型比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),与北京、台湾和山东地区比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 武汉地区ALDH2 rs671基因多态性分布具有地域特异性,ALDH2 GG型是本地区优势基因型.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and adjacent lesions treated at Nagoya University Hospital from 1965 to 1997

Japan has a lower incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) than Western nations. To pin-point the reasons for this, we reviewed biopsy samples from all cases treated at Nagoya University Hospital over the past 33 years in order to investigate the background lesions for VSCC. Two of 36 VSCC patients had adjacent or coexisting lichen sclerosus (LS), 5 had squamous cell hyperplasia (SCH), and 16 had vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). There were 8 cases in which these lesions were thought to be the origin of the VSCC, 1 in which keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSC) was seen in LS, 1 in which verrucous SCH was the origin, and 6 in which 4 basaloid carcinoma and 2 warty carcinoma developed from basaloid VIN and warty VIN, respectively. Although 8 other cases of keratinizing or non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas (NSC) coexisted with VIN NOS (not otherwise specified), differentiated VIN or basaloid VIN, we could not be histologically certain of the origin. Among 22 VSCC patients tested for HPV DNA, only an 84-year-old woman presenting a histological feature of KSC tested positive by in situ hybridization (ISH). It was considered that LS and SCH had little and VIN considerable capacity to cause the malignancy of VSCC. We surmise that in Japan the majority of squamous cell carcinoma is unrelated to HPV. One reason for the low incidence of VSCC is largely due to race; the homogeneous, monoethnic Japanese population, as well as the few cases of HPV-related VSCC.     

Multiple myeloma at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka: a retrospective study

A retrospective study of the clinical and laboratory findings in sixteen cases of multiple myeloma seen at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka between March 1972 and July 1976 was carried out. The majority of cases presented in the fourth and fifth decade of life. The commonest presenting symptom was bone pain and bone tenderness was the commonest physical finding. The majority of patients were anaemic and hypoalbuminaemic. Bence Jones protein was detected in only one case.     

上海市某社区65岁以上老年人健康体检结果分析

对上海市某社区1273例65岁以上老年人进行健康体检,结果显示,806例（63．3％）既往有高血压病史,其中523例（64．9％）体检仍发现血压异常;467例既往无高血压病史,202例（43．2％）首次发现血压升高。674例接受血液生化检测,发现132例（19．6％）血糖升高,其中,63．8％（67例）为既往糖尿病患者,11．4％（65例）首次发现血糖升高。46．3％（312／674）LDL—C升高,35．5％（239例）血TG增高,21．8％（147例）血尿酸增高,11．1％（75例）血TC增高,且女性TC、LDL—C明显高于男性（均P〉0．05）。本社区老年人血压、血糖、血脂和血尿酸异常者人数较多,全科医生应重视慢性病人群的管理,重视高危人群的筛查与健康宣教。     

Amoebiasis: a 10 year retrospective study at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

A hospital based retrospective study of amoebiasis was carried out for a ten-year period at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Of the 51 cases traced, 30 (59%) had amoebic dysentery, 20 (39%) were amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and one patient had both conditions. Entameoba histolytica trophozoites were identified in 13 (43%) of the amoebic dysenteric stools and 9 (30%) from biopsy. Of the 20 (39%) ALA cases, only one showed parasites in the stool and biopsy. Majority of the patients with dysentery were Malays while Chinese comprised 40% with ALA. Males predominated overall with a male female ratio of 3:1, while for ALA it was 9:1. Most of ALA were single (71.4%) and were localised in the right lobe. The majority of the patients were unemployed. Eighty three percent (83%) of the patients presented with diarrhoea or dysentery followed by abdominal pain while those with ALA had fever, chills, rigors and pain in the right hypochondrium. Eighty percent of the ALA cases showed hepatomegaly. All patients responded to treatment with metronidazole.     

海口市273例体检人群阴道中假丝酵母菌种类的初步研究

目的 研究妇科体检人群中阴道假丝酵母菌的分布情况.方法 将收集的273例妇检阴道拭子保存在含有抗生素的YEPD液体培养基中,然后接种到YEPD平板上分离培养.分离出的酵母菌通过菌落形态、制片革兰染色,乳酸酚棉蓝染色及显色培养基作初步鉴定;并通过芽管形成试验、厚膜孢子、假菌丝生成试验及DNA ITS序列分析进行菌种鉴定.结果 273例标本中分离出47株(17.2％)假丝酵母菌,其中白假丝酵母菌24株(51.1％),光滑假丝酵母菌13株(27.7％),克柔假丝酵母菌8株(17.0％),热带假丝酵母菌1株(2.1％),其他假丝酵母菌1株(2.1％).进一步分析显示,不同年龄段和不同妇科疾病的假丝酵母菌检出率差异均无统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 体检人群外阴阴道中的假丝酵母菌致病菌种类以白假丝酵母菌为主,其次是光滑假丝酵母菌.假丝酵母菌感染与年龄、妇科疾病种类的关系不明显.     

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Pseudo-outbreak at a University Hospital Bronchoscopy Unit in Turkey

Objective:

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen found predominantly in the enviroment and hospital setting. Invasive procedures and treatment methods, instruments used for diagnosis and irrational antibiotic use play major roles in the spread of this pathogen. The study aimed to evaluate consecutive S maltophilia isolation from bronchoalveolar lavage samples during bronchoscopy procedure during a week.

Methods:

Four patients consecutively had S maltophilia isolated during bronchoscopy between September 8 and 15, 2012. The identification of the isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility were studied by automated Vitek version 2.0 (Biomerieux, France) system. The clonal relationship between the isolates was studied by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:

Four consecutive S maltophilia isolates had identical band patterns and showed clonal relatedness.

Conclusion:

Bronchoscopy is a common invasive procedure that is utilized in chest diseases departments and intensive care units (ICUs). Contamination may take place due to inappropiate use and cause spread of infectious pathogens. In the current study, we detected consecutive S maltophilia strains with identical band patterns isolated within a week. After appropiate disinfection and cleaning procedures, no further isolation was detected.     

麻纺厂职工体检结果分析

目的了解纺织女工健康现状,为职业病预防控制提供参考。方法以198名挡车女工为观察组,同单位行政后勤的31名女工作为对照组,通过两组体检结果的统计比较,分析挡车女工高发职业损害的现状。结果观察组异常率显著比对照组高的体检项目依次是高频听力受损、脚癣、心电图检查异常和胸透肺纹理增多。并且观察组高频听力受损与工龄呈正相关（r=0.983）。结论目前导致麻纺厂挡车女工高患病率的主要职业损害因素依次是噪声、高温高湿和纤维粉尘。     

Eight years study of Sudanese renal allograft recipients at Soba University Hospital

Forty sudanese renal allograft recipients were followed up at Soba University Hospital (SUH), Khartoum, Sudan, for varying periods between January 1978 and October 1985 accruing 1417 patient-months of observation. 21 transplant operations were done in United Kingdom, 11 in Kuwait, 1 in Sudan, while the rest were done in other European and Arab countries. There were 27 males and 13 females with the age ranging between 10 and 48 years with a mean of 30.15. Thirty eight patients received live related (LR) donor kidneys and two were transplanted with cadaver kidneys. Four patients had a second graft because of early loss of the first. Seven patients died, 3 because of chronic rejection, 3 had severe intractable diarrhoea and one died because of an unrelated cause. The 30 patients who had their transplantation 2 years ago or more were studied for the 2-year survival. Twenty seven of these were alive and well with functioning grafts giving a patient and graft survival of 90%. The complications encountered are discussed.     

深圳市219名村民健康检查结果分析

目的 了解深圳市农村成人村民健康状况，分析影响健康的主要原因，提出促进健康的对策。方法 对深圳市安良村村民219人进行健康检查，检查结果按性别、年龄分层分析影响健康的主要问题。结果 检查结果异常率59．36％，其中血脂高异常率为24．65％。血压异常率为21．91％，肝胆功能异常率为19．63％。乙肝病毒携带率为7．76％，乙肝抗体阳性率为55．71％。肝胆疾患、血脂高、血压异常、慢支肺气肿、白内障等发生率随年龄增长而升高。结论 深圳市安良村成人村民超过半数处于亚健康状态，或患有各种慢性疾病，应及时改变目前不良的生活方式和习惯，促进健康。     

A prospective study of congenital malformations among live born neonates at a University Hospital in Western Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of major and minor congenital malformations among liveborn infants at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Estimation of risk factors were also evaluated. METHODS: Between March 2004 and May 2005, a total of 5356 babies born at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, were enrolled in this study for malformations. Details of cases were recorded after parents' interviews, clinical, radiological, and laboratory evaluations. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-seven (27.06/1000 livebirth) and 13 (2.39/1000 birth) stillbirth had congenital anomalies. In all livebirth, incidences of major anomalies were 93.9% and minor were 6.1%. Mothers of 95.9% with congenital malformation were healthy, 3.4% were diabetic and 0.7% had cardiac malfomation. In 38.8% of cases parents were consanguineous. Among the liveborn births, the most common system involved was cardiovascular (7.1/1000), followed by musculoskeletal/limb (4.1/1000), external genitalia (2.8/1000), urinary (2.6/1000), multiple chromosomal (2.2/1000), orofacial (1.9/1000), central nervous system (1.9/1000), skin (1.7/1000), multiple single gene (1.3/1000), multiple sequence (0.75/1000), eyes (0.56/1000), unclassified (0.19/1000), musculoskeletal/abdominal (0.19/1000), endocrine (0.19/1000). CONCLUSION: High incidence of major malformation in Jeddah. Importance of Genetic Counseling is revealed in our study since more than three quarters of mothers were under 36 years, and may well plan future pregnancies.     

Smoking rates and attitudes to smoking among medical students: a 2009 survey at the Nagoya University School of Medicine

Since smoking is implicated in many diseases, medical professionals are expected to contribute to the reduction of smoking rates in their practice. Medical students are also expected to learn the importance of practical measures against smoking. This study surveyed the smoking rates and attitudes to smoking among medical students of the Nagoya University School of Medicine. Out of 612 students in their 1st to 6th year in 2009, 31 students answered "yes" to the question "Did you smoke one or more cigarettes this past month?" and eight students did not respond. The maximum smoking rate was 6.4% (39/612). The respective rates of students to accept smoking by doctors, co-medical personnel, patients in general, and terminally ill patients were 50.8% in males and 38.9% in females, 51.3% in males and 41.6% in females, 41.4% in males and 23.0% in females, 80.5% in males and 84.1% in females. This survey demonstrated that though smoking rates among medical students were relatively low, many accepted smoking, especially for terminally ill patients.