化学教学新课堂：科学抗疫中的化学知识

新冠疫情爆发,各种疫情防控工作随之开展。在这场没有硝烟的战争中,化学发挥了重要作用:口罩的结构中蕴含了界面化学的知识,口罩的制作材料则包含高分子化学知识,核酸检测和新冠疫苗研发则运用了生物化学知识,各种消杀用品的主要成分涉及无机和有机化学知识,简单的肥皂洗手中还包含了物理化学知识,每一个新冠药物则是一个复杂的有机化合物。所有这些都可作为化学教学的生动实例,彰显化学的强大魅力的同时,可以让学生认识到化学在我们生活中所扮演的重要角色,由此激发他们学好化学的动机。     

材料化学课程线上教学初探

2020新年伊始,新冠肺炎突然来袭,为了防止聚集性感染,教育部提出了"停课不停教、停课不停学"的要求。地方普通高校学生的自律性、自觉性及能动性差别十分明显,这样的学情对如何有效开展化学专业的线上教学工作提出了更大的挑战。本文以材料化学课程线上教学为例,介绍地方普通高校化学专业线上教学工作的开展情况。针对教学过程中遇到的各种问题和采用的应对方案,探讨线上教学过程中的注意事项。希望本文能为地方普通高校化学专业线上教学工作提供有益的参考。     

新冠肺炎潜在药物作为案例在杂环化学课程教学中的实践

新冠肺炎席卷世界,其潜在药物引起广泛关注。笔者尝试将已知的新冠肺炎潜在药物作为案例,贯穿于相关杂环化合物命名与合成的教学全过程中。此外,在疫情的特殊环境下通过发掘和利用新冠肺炎潜在药物中的思政案例,加强知识传授与价值引领结合,完善杂环化学课程体系建设。通过案例教学法对杂环化学课堂教学进行改革,搭建"理论知识-杂环化学"和"现实世界-药物应用"的桥梁,可充分调动学生学习的兴趣和主观能动性,明显改善教学效果。     

新冠肺炎潜在药物作为案例在杂环化学课程教学中的实践

The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis, and potential drugs have attracted widespread attentions. The authors attempted to use the known potential drugs as teaching cases throughout the whole teaching process of heterocyclic chemistry. Under the special pandemic situation, the authors also focused on exploring and utilizing the ideological and political education cases that were related to pandemic as well as potential drugs of COVID-19. The ultimate purpose was to strengthen the effects on both knowledge teaching and value guiding, and thus improve the curriculum system construction. The reform of heterocyclic chemistry classroom teaching via case methods could build a bridge between "theoretical knowledge-heterocyclic chemistry" and "real world-drug application", which effectively aroused students' enthusiasm as well as initiative for learning, and thus significantly improved the teaching effects.     

有机化学知识在高分子化学教学中的应用

<高分子化学>是研究聚合反应机理和聚合方法的一门科学,是高分子材料专业的一门重要专业基础课,它与前期所学课程<有机化学>课程有着非常紧密的联系.有机化学知识在高分子化学中的应用有利于调动学生的学习积极性,加深对教学难点的理解,以便提高教学质量,达到更好的教学效果.本文结合高分子化学和有机化学的课堂教学实践,就有机化学知识在辅助高分子化学教学过程中的应用提出了一些实例和自己的体会.     

化学新课导入方法研究

“良好的开端是成功的一半”。本文从新课导入功能、常见新课导入方法及分类、如何进行新课导入的设计3个方面对新课导入进行研究,并结合“离子键”一节导入的设计,对新课导入加以深入、具体的阐述。     

化学实验在小学科学教育中的教学功能研究

作为一种重要的科学教学实践的小学化学实验教学,具有特殊的意义和功能,为了提高相关人员对小学化学实验教学功能的关注度,从现有理论出发,对小学化学实验教学功能的维度进行划分和定义,然后根据小学科学课程标准对教学功能进行具体化阐释。     

专家型化学教师教学知识发展途径

对29位专家型化学教师教学知识来源的调查发现,自身的教学经验和反思、有组织的专业活动是最重要的来源;阅读专业书刊、同事间日常交流、教科书、在职专业培训是比较重要的来源;职前培训是一般来源,而作为中小学学生时的经验是最不重要的来源。     

计算机在化学教学中的优势

1“教师为主体”的旧的教学模式被瓦解代之而起的是“学生为主体”的新的教学模式在教学过程中,我们一直强调学生是学习的主体。但传统的教学方法很难发挥学生的主观能动性。教学活动仍是以教育者为中心,以语言传播为主要手段的活动。教师是知识的传播者和专家,学生是学习者和听从者。一张嘴、一支笔、一本教材、一叠讲稿的局面在很大程度上限制了学生主体作用的发挥。而教师的主导作用是由教师各方面的因素决定的,如教师的知识掌握程度、语言表达能力、组织教学的能力、对学生的认识和态度、师生关系的处理、教师的精力和工作情绪等。…     

“化学在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中扮演的重要角色”专题教学

Considering COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, education materials were excavated and refined, such as chemical disinfectants, typical drugs used in clinical treatment or trial and materials for preparation of medical protective equipment. We have carried out thematic teaching on "The important role of chemistry in the fight against COVID-19 epidemic", and integrated ideological and political education into the thematic teaching. Through thematic teaching, we can make students feel the charm of chemistry subject, stimulate students' interest in learning chemistry, fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and initiative, strengthen students' confidence and courage to overcome difficulties, cultivate the students' professional disciplines literacy and scientific literacy, activate students' love for the motherland, the people and the Communist Party of China.     

延期开学期间化学类专业线上教学情况调研分析与建议

在疫情防控期间,各高校化学类专业积极响应教育部"停课不停教、停课不停学"的要求,认真组织线上教学。化学类专业教学指导委员会针对化学类专业、教师个人、学生个人设计了三种类型的问卷,进行了线上教学调研。本文对调研数据进行了分析和总结,提出了主要问题和建议,希望对化学类专业相关课程的线上教育教学改革起到积极的促进作用。     

关于应对疫情开展化学类专业课程线上教学的探究

针对四川大学应对疫情开展的化学类专业线上课程实施情况,探究其更加有效合理的教学组织方式。通过对师生的调研和反馈,提出现阶段线上教学面临的难点与挑战:课堂互动与讨论不流畅、线上教学工具及开展方式繁多、化学实验课程不配套。因此,四川大学化学学院将统筹线上教学平台,增强课堂互动效果,启动"化学虚拟仿真实验教学中心",保证疫情防控期间的教学进度和质量。     

疫情背景下多元化素材在分析化学线上教学中的综合运用

受新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的影响,笔者在2019–2020春夏学期承担的‘分析化学II’课程以网络教学的方式展开。在线上教学过程中,借助网络上丰富的信息,综合运用多种多媒体素材,特别是与新冠肺炎的检测方法、治疗方案、药物开发等密切相关的信息和知识点,融入分析化学的教学过程和课程思政,发挥线上教学的优势,为线上线下一流课程的建设提供思路和实践。     

基础化学实验教学的新理念——再议实验教学之本质

最近20年以来,国内高校的本科基础化学实验教学从理念、内容、标准,到组织机构和评价方法,都经历了一系列变化和改革。立足于新的历史机遇和时代,有必要深刻理解和厘清本科阶段基础化学实验教学的本质和角色,既不轻视和简慢其地位、也不夸大和拔高其效用;须还基础实验教学以其本来面目,着重深挖其在传播"第三类知识"(Knowhow)以及培养"元认知"能力当中的不可替代作用,才能在化学实验教学改革大潮中不懈怠、不迷惘。     

Molecular docking identification for the efficacy of natural limonoids against COVID-19 virus main protease

COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health problem of the century so far.The main protease (Mpro) is one of the main enzymes studied as a pharmacological target. In this context, the present work aimed to perform a virtual screening of possible inhibitors against the enzyme Mpro, having limonoids as the main object of research as supposed inhibitors. Molecular docking simulations indicated that limonoids have an affinity to complex with M-pro.However, Limonine and Nimoliciol showed nonspecific and low affinity interactions. In conclusion, Limonoids are substances of natural origin that can be used in the study of new pharmacological tools designed to combat and understand COVID-19.     

Comprehensive analyses of bioinformatics applications in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can be transmitted from person to person. As of September 21, 2021, over 228 million cases were diagnosed as COVID-19 infection in more than 200 countries and regions worldwide. The death toll is more than 4.69 million and the mortality rate has reached about 2.05% as it has gradually become a global plague, and the numbers are growing. Therefore, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the genome and protein characteristics, clinical diagnostics, pathogenic mechanisms, and the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines against the novel coronavirus to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The traditional biology technologies are limited for COVID-19-related studies to understand the pandemic happening. Bioinformatics is the application of computational methods and analytical tools in the field of biological research which has obvious advantages in predicting the structure, product, function, and evolution of unknown genes and proteins, and in screening drugs and vaccines from a large amount of sequence information. Here, we comprehensively summarized several of the most important methods and applications relating to COVID-19 based on currently available reports of bioinformatics technologies, focusing on future research for overcoming the virus pandemic. Based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) and third-generation sequencing (TGS) technology, not only virus can be detected, but also high quality SARS-CoV-2 genome could be obtained quickly. The emergence of data of genome sequences, variants, haplotypes of SARS-CoV-2 help us to understand genome and protein structure, variant calling, mutation, and other biological characteristics. After sequencing alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the bat may be the natural host of the novel coronavirus. Single-cell RNA sequencing provide abundant resource for discovering the mechanism of immune response induced by COVID-19. As an entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can be used as a potential drug target to treat COVID-19. Molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking and artificial intelligence (AI) technology of bioinformatics methods based on drug databases for SARS-CoV-2 can accelerate the development of drugs. Meanwhile, computational approaches are helpful to identify suitable vaccines to prevent COVID-19 infection through reverse vaccinology, Immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology.     

Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: A Review and a Novel Strategy to Identify New Targets and Potential Drug Candidates

In December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in the province of Wuhan, China. Since then, there have been over 400 million confirmed cases and 5.8 million deaths by COVID-19 reported worldwide. The urgent need for therapies against SARS-CoV-2 led researchers to use drug repurposing approaches. This strategy allows the reduction in risks, time, and costs associated with drug development. In many cases, a repurposed drug can enter directly to preclinical testing and clinical trials, thus accelerating the whole drug discovery process. In this work, we will give a general overview of the main developments in COVID-19 treatment, focusing on the contribution of the drug repurposing paradigm to find effective drugs against this disease. Finally, we will present our findings using a new drug repurposing strategy that identified 11 compounds that may be potentially effective against COVID-19. To our knowledge, seven of these drugs have never been tested against SARS-CoV-2 and are potential candidates for in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate their effectiveness in COVID-19 treatment.