汕头市妇女HPV-52感染与宫颈鳞状上皮病变的关系

目的： 探讨汕头市妇女感染人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）的主要亚型,及其在宫颈鳞状上皮病变中的致病特点及风险分析。方法： 收集2015~2018年在汕头市中心医院同时进行HPV分型检测和薄层液基细胞学（LCT）检查的病例37 700例,及其中3 924例进行宫颈活检的病例。HPV分型检测采用医用核酸分子快速杂交基因分型试剂盒,包含15种高危HPV,即HPV-16、-18、-31、-33、-35、-39、-45、-5l、-52、-53、-56、-58、-59、-66和-68;6种低危型HPV,即HPV-6、-11、-42、-43、-44、CP8304。细胞学检查按照伯塞斯达系统（TBS）分级（2014版）标准进行分类,分为未见上皮内病变或恶性病变（NILM）、非典型鳞状细胞-意义不明确（ASC-US）、低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、非典型鳞状细胞-不排除高级别鳞状上皮内病变（ASC-H）、高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）和鳞状细胞癌（SCC）。使用SPSS 19.0软件建立数据库,计数资料率的比较采用频数分布进行统计,风险评估采用卡方检验2×2列表。结果： 37 700位LCT检查病例中HPV-52总感染率为3.55%（1 338/37 700）,HPV-52单一感染882例,HPV-52多重感染（指两种及以上HPV亚型感染）456例,其中包含两重感染313例,三重及以上感染143例,HPV-52多重感染最常见的3种亚型分别是HPV-58/52（12.46%,39/313）、HPV-53/52（11.18%,35/313）、HPV-16/52（11.18%,35/313）。HPV-52多重感染患者LCT筛查结果出现ASC-US及以上病变尤其是HSIL中,最多见型别为HPV-16/52。宫颈活检结果风险分析显示,与HPV-52单一感染比较,HPV-52/16多重感染患HSIL/SCC风险增加（P < 0.01,OR=8.27）,并且增加HSIL发展到SCC的发病风险（P=0.01,OR=12.65）。与包含HPV-52但不包含HPV-16的多重感染比较,HPV-52/16多重感染增加患HSIL或者SCC风险（P < 0.01,OR=3.36）,并且增加HSIL发展为SCC的风险（P=0.03,OR=1.29）。结论： HPV-52是汕头市妇女最常见的HPV感染宫颈亚型,但患者主要发生HSIL病变,当合并HPV-16感染时增加癌前病变及癌变风险。     

巴中地区女性体检人群HPV病毒感染情况及对宫颈病变发生率的影响

目的:了解四川省巴中地区女性人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染情况,分析其型别与宫颈病变的相关性。方法:收集2015年01月至2019年06月在我院进行健康体检的5 046例女性作为研究对象,采用荧光定量PCR法对15种高危HPV基因亚型进行检测,分析是否发生HPV感染及不同HPV亚型对宫颈鳞状上皮内病变的影响。结果:HPV感染率为24.36%(1 229/5 046)。单一HPV感染954例,占全部感染的77.62%,感染率为18.91%;多重HPV感染275例,占全部感染的22.38%,感染率为5.45%。感染率前5位的HPV亚型分别为HPV16(3.86%,195例)、HPV18(3.63%,183例)、HPV52(2.26%,114例)、HPV58(1.61%,81例)、HPV51(1.41%,71例)。≤30岁、31~40岁、41~50岁、>50岁四个年龄组HPV阳性感染率分别为30.28%、22.89%、25.31%、20.00%,各年龄组感染率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。多重感染患者的高度鳞状上皮内病变的非典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASC-H）、低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）和鳞状细胞癌（SCC）四种宫颈鳞状上皮内病变的发生比例高于单一感染患者,但差异尚未显示有统计学意义(P=0.608)。结论:巴中地区女性体检人群HPV感染率较高,应加强和普及本地区HPV筛查工作。     

宫颈冷刀锥切术联合抗HPV生物蛋白敷料治疗HSIL合并高危型HPV感染的临床效果研究

目的 探讨宫颈冷刀锥切术联合抗HPV生物蛋白敷料治疗宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变(High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion,HSIL)合并高危型HPV感染的临床效果及应用价值。方法 选择哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院2017年9月—2019年12月接收的220例确诊高危型HPV感染且病理证实为宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组予以单纯宫颈冷刀锥切术(CKC)治疗,观察组予以CKC联合抗HPV生物蛋白敷料治疗,术后定期复查HPV、TCT并察看阴道分泌物,对两组疗效进行对比评价。结果 观察组在术后6个月、9个月、12个月HPV转阴率为51.82%、70.00%、83.64%,治疗总有效率为62.73%、82.73%、91.82%,均高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组术后6个月、12个月复查TCT异常率均低于对照组(P＜0.05);年龄＜50岁的观察组与对照组患者间治疗总有效率对比无统计学差异(P＞0.05),年龄≥50岁的观察组患者治疗总有效率均优于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组在术后3个月、6个月、9个月及12个月阴道分泌物正常率为48.18%、64.55%、84.55%、92.73%,均高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 宫颈冷刀锥切术联合抗HPV生物蛋白敷料治疗HSIL合并高危型HPV感染临床效果显著,能够改善阴道环境,有效促进高危型HPV感染的消退,降低术后复发的风险,且高龄妇女更加受益。     

人乳头状瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变的相关性分析？

目的：分析宫颈上皮内瘤变（ CIN）及宫颈癌（ CC）中人乳头状瘤病毒（ HPV）亚型,探讨HPV感染与宫颈病变的相关性。方法：慢性宫颈炎或液基细胞学异常的妇女检测21种HPV基因亚型和阴道镜下宫颈定位活检,分析2481例CC和CIN患者的HPV感染情况。结果：在2481例CIN和CC患者中,HPV感染率85．0%,HPV感染与宫颈组织学结果有较强的相关性（P〈0．001,Pearson列联系数=0．648）。 CC及CINⅢ、CINⅡ患者以HPV16、18感染最多见,其次见HPV58、33、31、52、45、59、68等亚型。304例患者宫颈感染HPV16、18、58、52、33等亚型后,发生高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）、不明意义的非典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）及低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）的频率增加,TCT分型与HPV分型有较弱的相关关系（P=0．002,Pearson列联系数=0．322）。细胞学结果提示HSIL、AS-CUS,宫颈组织学诊断以CC、CINIII和CINII为多,TCT分型与组织学分型也有较弱的相关性（ P=0．026,Pearson列联系数=0．172）。结论：HPV16、18、58、33、52、31、45等高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌（ CC）及癌前病变（ CIN）最常见的风险因素。高危型HPV单独或混合感染宫颈后,细胞学检测HSIL、ASCUS及LSIL的发生率增加,细胞学结果与组织学分型的相关性促进了CC和CIN的及时诊治。     

1081例患者宫颈HR-HPV感染情况分析

目的:了解一年内昆山市中医医院妇科就诊的患者宫颈各级病变中高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）感染情况及昆山地区妇女未来接种HPV疫苗的类型。方法:回顾性分析2015年7月至2016年7月昆山市中医医院妇科门诊接受宫颈癌三阶梯筛查中具有宫颈活检病理检查结果且HR-HPV阳性的1 081例患者。结果:宫颈炎症的患者共927例,以HPV52亚型最普遍;低级别宫颈鳞状上皮内病变共66例,HPV51、HPV52两种亚型常见。高级别宫颈鳞状上皮内病变及宫颈癌共88例,以HPV16亚型最常见。据宫颈组织病理学,单一HPV感染与多重HPV感染在宫颈各级病变中差异无统计学意义。结论:HPV52亚型是昆山地区生育期女性宫颈HPV感染最常见的类型。宫颈病变级别与HPV感染类型数目无关,即多重HPV同时感染不加重宫颈病变的进展。     

高度鳞状上皮内病变患者宫颈细胞学检测结果及其人乳头状瘤病毒基因高危亚型分析

目的分析高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）患者人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染亚型的分布特点,探讨HPV分型检测在宫颈高度病变筛查中的作用。方法对137例患者进行HPV分型检测,并对HPV基因高危亚型进行分析,分析HPV亚型的检出情况,并比较HPV分型与病理结果。结果 31～40岁组和41～50岁组的阳性率分别为92.2%和89.6%,均高于≤30岁组（73.3%）和≥51岁组（82.6%,P〈0.05）;单型感染者62例,多重感染者58例,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。HPV各类型中,以16及58型感染为多,其次是52、33和18型。单型感染和多重感染均主要以16、58和52型感染为主。高危型阳性的检出率为3.3%（4/120）,高于高危型阴性中宫颈癌的检出率（0,P〈0.05）;高危型阳性炎症、疣症及疣、CINⅠ、CINⅡ和CINⅢ的检出率分别为25.0%（30/120）、28.3%（34/120）、25.0%（30/120）和18.3%（22/120）,均高于高危型阴性的检出率（P〈0.05）。结论高危型HPV感染以16和58型感染为多,在宫颈病变进行高危型HPV检测对宫颈病变诊治和癌变预防起到指导性的作用。     

粤东地区妇女 人乳头瘤病毒感染 情况和亚型分布 及其与宫颈癌的关系

目的：检测粤东地区妇女人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染情况及亚型分布,探讨其与宫颈癌的关系。方法：选取2015年10月-2016年9月粤东地区7家三级医院30 000例行宫颈筛查的妇女作为研究对象。收集所有对象宫颈脱落细胞,采用HybriMax方法对HPV感染情况进行检测。对8 739例宫颈病变患者进行宫颈组织活检与HPV分型。比较分析不同病变类型以及年龄段HPV感染率与亚型分布。结果：脱落细胞检查个体中,HPV阳性者9 000例,感染率为30.00%。在8 739例行宫颈活检的宫颈病变患者中,HPV感染率为58.29%（5 094/8 739）,慢性宫颈炎中HPV感染率为40.00%（1 088/2 720）,CINⅠ中为53.59%（1 396/2 605）,CINⅡ/Ⅲ中为71.61%（1 647/2 300）,宫颈癌中为86.45%（963/1 114）。在各种宫颈病变中,HPV 16、18、33、58、52是最常见的高危亚型,感染率依次是14.02%、6.28%、5.23%、4.46%、3.71%。在宫颈癌患者中,最常见的亚型是HPV 16; ≥ 60岁的人群中HPV感染率最高,达到49.92%。结论：粤东地区HPV感染最常见的亚型为16、18、33、58、52型,宫颈病变程度越重,HPV的感染率越高。在宫颈癌患者中,HPV 16是最为常见的亚型,中老年患者的HPV感染率高于年轻人,单一感染可能更易导致宫颈癌的发生。     

薄层液基细胞学联合HPV-DNA检测在粤东地区宫颈癌筛查中的临床价值

目的：评价薄层液基细胞学（TCT）联合HPV-DNA检测在粤东地区宫颈癌筛查中的临床价值。方法：分别应用TCT及HPV-DNA检测对2011年3月-2015年3月就诊的1681例粤东地区患者宫颈癌及癌前病变进行筛查并与宫颈活检组织对比。结果：TCT筛查结果显示阳性为399例,占23.7%（399/1681）;HPV-DNA共检出阳性患者533例,阳性率为31.7%（533/1681）。随着宫颈病变的发展,HPV-DNA检测阳性率明显增加（P<0.05）;病理组织诊断结果阳性例数267例,且在TCT检测阳性结果中,意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）、低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）和鳞状细胞癌（SCC）与病理诊断阳性的一致性分别为46.8%、59.8%、96.3%和100%。TCT联合HPV-DNA筛查结果对宫颈癌筛查的敏感性（93.5%）、特异性（82.8%）及准确性（92.1%）均较单一筛查显著提高（P<0.05）。结论：TCT联合HPV-DNA检测可提高宫颈癌前病变的诊断准确率,更适用于宫颈癌前病变的筛查,值得临床推广应用。     

Aurora-A在宫颈癌及癌前病变中的表达以及与HPV感染的相关性研究

目的 分析正常宫颈、不同级别宫颈上皮内瘤变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)和宫颈鳞状细胞癌(Cervical squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)组织中Aurora-A的表达差异,观察其异常表达对宫颈癌变过程的影响及与人乳头瘤病毒(Human papilloma virus,HPV)感染的相关性,了解Aroura-A在CIN与宫颈癌发病机制中的作用。方法 选取已进行宫颈管分泌物高危型HPV检测的宫颈活检或手术标本存档蜡块100例,其中正常宫颈组织20例,CIN1级组织20例、CIN 2级组织20例、CIN 3级组织20例,宫颈癌全部选取的是宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织20例。采用免疫组化方法检测Aurora-A蛋白的表达水平,并分析Aurora-A表达与HR-HPV感染的相关性。结果 Aurora-A在CIN以及宫颈癌中存在高表达(P＜0.05),且其阳性表达率随着宫颈病变程度的加深而增强,两者呈正相关性(r=0.475,P＜0.001);在高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN2、3)组织中,Aurora-A表达与HPV感染间存在正相关(V=0.591,P＜0.05)。结论 Aurora-A的异常表达可能与宫颈癌的发生发展密切有关,Aurora-A可能作为早期诊断CIN或宫颈癌的重要分子生物学指标,同时也可能是宫颈癌的潜在治疗靶点。     

PKCι/YAP1在宫颈癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨蛋白激酶Cι（PKCι）、Yes相关蛋白1（YAP1）与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染在宫颈癌局部免疫微环境中的相关性。方法 选择宫颈正常组织（NCT）、宫颈低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）以及宫颈鳞状细胞癌（SCC）各80例。收集4组蜡块组织,实时荧光PCR法测定4组组织高危型HPV感染率;免疫组织化学法检测4组组织中PKCι、YAP1、CD4及CD8表达水平并进行相关性以及临床病理分析。结果 NCT、LSIL、HSIL以及SCC各组间高危型HPV感染率、PKCι、YAP1、CD4、CD8阳性率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;宫颈病变级别与高危型HPV感染、PKCι、YAP1及CD8阳性表达均呈正相关（P<0.05）,与CD4阳性表达呈负相关（P<0.05）;在SCC中HPV感染、PKCι、YAP1以及CD8阳性表达相互之间的均呈正相关,而与CD4阳性表达均呈负相关（P<0.05）;HPV感染、PKCι、YAP1及CD8阳性表达在SCC不同分化程度及有无脉管瘤栓之间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 宫颈病变患者常伴有高危型HPV感染与PKCι、YAP1、CD4及CD8表达异常,相互之间可能存在协同作用,造成SCC的局部免疫抑制微环境,为SCC的发病机制研究及其诊治提供可能的策略。     

High-risk and multiple human papillomavirus infections associated with cervical abnormalities in Japanese women.

To estimate the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection for cervical malignancies, we conducted a case-control study in Japan. Abnormal cervical cell (366) and normal cell samples (1562) were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using a new PCR-based test (LCR-E7 PCR). When single HPV infections were considered, 26 different HPV types were identified in normal cervices and in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL); whereas HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -45, -51, -52, -56, -58 and -67 were detected in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix, and HPV-16 and -18 were detected in cervical adenocarcinoma. HPV-6 and -11 were detected in condyloma acuminatum tissue. In HSIL and SCC, HPV-16 was the most prevalent type and HPV-51, -52, and -58 were the next most prevalent; whereas HPV-39, -59, and -68 were not detected. Analysis by odds ratio (OR) revealed that HPV-11, -39, -42, -44, -53, -59, -62, and -66 (HPV-66: OR,139; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.7-168) were associated with LSIL; HPV-16, -18, -31, -51, -52 and -58 (HPV-16: OR, 69; 95%CI = 36-131) were associated with SCC; and HPV-16 and -18 (OR, 94; 95% CI = 28-317) were associated with adenocarcinoma. Multiple HPV infection was associated with LSIL (OR, 24; 95%CI = 13-44), HSIL (OR, 16; 95%CI = 8.4-32), and SCC (OR, 8.3; 95%CI = 3.2-22), although the prevalence decreased with the grade of the lesions. All results suggest that HPV-6 and -11 are condyloma types, HPV-16, -18, -31, -51, -52, -58, and perhaps -33, -35, -45, -56, and -67, are the high-risk HPV types, and many other types are LSIL-associated types in Japan. HPV typing and detection of multiple HPV infections in clinical samples may be useful as surrogate markers for cervical cell abnormalities.     

Distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in routine pap smear of 2,470 korean women determined by DNA chip.

PURPOSE: We examined human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution and prevalence from routine Pap smear cases in Korean women using DNA Chip.Patients and METHODS: A total of 2,470 cervical specimens from women attending routine Pap smear cytology screening in local hospitals was subjected to HPV test. HPV detection and genotyping were done using DNA Chip.RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 44.8% of the patients and in 58.7% of the 861 atypical lesions based on the Bethesda system, including 52.6% of 627 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 69.0% of 168 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 89.4% of 66 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) cases. The most frequently found genotypes in all HPV-positive cases were HPV-16, HPV-52, and HPV-58. HPV-16 was the most prevalent type in within normal limits, ASCUS, and HSIL categories, whereas HPV-51 was most frequently found in LSIL. Multiple infection was identified in about 20% of HPV-positive cases and most of them were that by two different types. HPV-16 was present in the majority of multiple infection cases. A significant decrease in the percentage of multiple infection was observed in HSIL cases compared with ASCUS and LSIL.CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of HPV genotypes in Korean women was revealed to have differences to that of other regions, showing higher frequencies of HPV-52, HPV-58, and HPV-51. HSIL cases were mostly infected by sole HPV-16 whereas LSIL that by various HPV types, suggesting a certain type may become dominant over others as the disease progresses.     

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among high-risk women with and without HIV-1 infection in Burkina Faso

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) were studied in 379 high-risk women. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 238 of 360 (66.1%) of the beta-globin-positive cervical samples, and 467 HPV isolates belonging to 35 types were identified. Multiple (2-7 types) HPV infections were observed in 52.9% of HPV-infected women. The most prevalent HPV types were HPV-52 (14.7%), HPV-35 (9.4%), HPV-58 (9.4%), HPV-51 (8.6%), HPV-16 (7.8%), HPV-31 (7.5%), HPV-53 (6.7%), and HPV-18 (6.4%). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence was 36.0%. Human papillomavirus prevalence was significantly higher in HIV-1-infected women (87 vs 54%, prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-1.8). High-risk HPV types (71 vs 40%, PR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.5-2.2), in particular HPV-16+18 (22 vs 9%, PR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.4-4.0), and multiple HPV infections (56 vs 23%, PR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.8-3.3) were more prevalent in HIV-1-infected women. High-grade SIL (HSIL) was identified in 3.8% of the women. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection was strongly associated with presence of HSIL (adjusted odds ratio = 17.0; 95% CI 2.2-134.1, P = 0.007) after controlling for high-risk HPV infection and other risk factors for HSIL. Nine of 14 (63%) HSIL cases were associated with HPV-16 or HPV-18 infection, and might have been prevented by an effective HPV-16/18 vaccine.     

Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology in an Esophageal Carcinoma High Incidence Area of China

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) could affect genesis of both cervical and esophageal cancers. The type-specific distribution of HPV in cervical cytology abnormalities of women has remained unclear in Shantou, an esophageal cancer high-incidence area of China. Data from 22,617 women who were subjected to cervical HPV DNA testing with simultaneous cervical cytological examination during 2009-2013 were therefore here retrospectively evaluated in a hospital-based study. Overall, 16.2% (3,584/22,114)of women with normal cytology were HR-HPV positive, with HPV-52 (4.07%) as the most common type followed by -16 (3.63%), and -58 (2.46%). Prevalence of HR-HPV was 50.3% (253/503) in women with cervical cytological abnormalities, of which in ASC-H 71.4%, ASC-US 39.1%, HSIL 80.3% and LSIL 73.7%. HPV-58 (14.12%) was the most common type for all cervical cytological abnormalities, followed by HPV-16 (13.72%), and -52 (12.72%), while the more common HPV-16 type in ASC-H (42.9%) and HSIL (36.1%), HPV-52 and -58 were the most common types forASC-US (10.3%) and LSIL (25%), respectively. Multiple HPV co-infections were identified in 33.2% (84/253) cytology abnormalities with positive HR-HPV, and the highest prevalence of HPV-58/16 combination in HSIL (28.6%, 6/21) was observed. Our data indicated a relative high prevalence of HPV-58 and -52 in women with cervical cytological abnormalities, which should be considered in the development of next-generation vaccines for Shantou.     

Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Distribution in Cervical lesions in Zanjan,Iran

Objective: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women all over the world, and main cause is persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains. It has been reported that the distribution and prevalence of HPV types varies by geographical region, so that this is important for prevention by type-specific vaccines. The aim of current study was to determine the genotype distribution of HPV using the INNO-LiPA genotyping assay in Zanjan province, North West Iran. Methods: A total of 112 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from cases of low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were collected. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify DNA for genotyping. Results: Among the 112 samples from females (ranging from 20 to 69 years, mean age 43.8 ± 10.1) tested for HPV DNA, 50 samples were positive. Based on results of genotyping, most common HPV genotypes were HPV18 (48%) followed by HPV-6 (24%), HPV73 (16%), HPV-51(8%), HPV-31(8%), HPV-16 (8%), HPV-56 (4%), HPV-44 (4%). Conclusion: While HPV infection is the major etiological factor for cervical cancer, presence was relatively low in our survey. In the positive cases, however, HPV18 was the most common in line with many other populations. The fact that types vary among different populations must clearly be taken into account in design of vaccines for our country.     

Comparison of HPV type distribution in high-grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer: a meta-analysis

Particular types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may preferentially progress from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCC). We performed a meta-analysis of published data to compare HPV type distribution in HSIL and SCC. HPV16, 18 and 45 were each more prevalent in SCC than HSIL, whereas the reverse was true for other oncogenic types including HPV31, 33, 52 and 58. These data suggest that HSILs infected with HPV16, 18 and 45 preferentially progress to SCC. This may have implications for follow-up protocols of future HPV-based cervical cancer screening programmes and for HPV vaccine trials.     

Correlation of cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes detected with the HPV DNA chip microarray method

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered to play an important role in the development of cervical carcinoma, and it is known that certain HPV types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, are highly associated with cervical carcinoma. However, the pathologic behavior of other HPV types remains unclear. Recently, a new HPV detection technique, the HPV DNA chip, was introduced. The HPV DNA chip harbors 22 HPV probes and has the advantage of being able to detect 22 HPV types simultaneously. To evaluate the quality of the HPV DNA chip method and to identify HPV types related to cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions, the authors performed HPV typing in cervical specimens from 1983 patients and compared their cytologic and histologic diagnoses. METHODS: The HPV DNA chip was used for HPV typing. Among 1983 patients who were tested for HPV types, cervical smear cytology was performed in 1650 patients, and 677 of those patients underwent cervical biopsy. RESULTS: Among the 1650 smears that were examined cytologically, 92.7% (114 of 123 smears) of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 98.1% (106 of 108 smears) of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), and 96.3% (51 of 53 smears) of carcinomas were HPV positive, compared with only 35.1% of smears with normal cytology that were HPV positive. HPV-16 was the most prevalent type (chi-square test; P < 0.01) in LSILs (28.5%), in HSILs (51.9%), and in carcinomas (62.5%) followed by HPV-58 and a group of low-risk types (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-34, HPV-40, HPV-42, HPV-43,and HPV-44) in LSILs. HPV-58 (15.7%), HPV-18 (6.7%), and HPV-52 (4.6%) were the next most prevalent types after HPV-16 in HSILs. HPV-18 (11.4%) and HPV-58 (11.4%) were the second most common types in carcinomas. HPV-58 had the highest positive predictive value (54.9%) for the detection of histologically confirmed HSIL or carcinoma, whereas HPV 16 had the highest negative predictive value (80.6%). The sensitivity (96.0%) of the HPV test using the DNA chip method for detecting HSIL or carcinoma was superior compared with the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis (83.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The HPV DNA chip provides a very sensitive method for detecting 22 HPV genotypes with reasonable sensitivity (96.0%) and reasonable negative predictive value (96.9%), and it overcomes the low sensitivity of cytologic screening for the detection of HSIL or carcinoma. HPV-58, HPV-52, and HPV-56, as well as HPV-16 and HPV-18, were associated highly with HSIL and carcinoma in the current large series. In addition, multiple HPV infection was associated less frequently with cervical carcinoma and with precancerous lesions compared with normal cytology.