超声心动图联合脑钠肽检测评价急性肺栓塞溶栓治疗效果

目的 探讨超声心动图联合血浆脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)检测在急性肺栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)溶栓治疗中的价值.方法 确诊APE且超声提示有右心压力超负荷征象患者31例进行溶栓治疗,分别在溶栓前和溶栓后24～48 h行超声、肺通气-灌注显像检查及BNP检测.结果 26例溶栓有效,溶栓后其肺动脉收缩压由(57.3±18.2)mm Hg降至(40.4±15.4)mm Hg(P=0.003),右室舒张末径由(40.6±6.1)mm减小为(35.4±6.0)mm(P＜0.01),肺动脉内径由(27.2±4.9)mm减小为(22.5±4.4)mm(P=0.004),左室舒张末径由(42.4±7.2)mm增加为(43.1±6.9)mm(P=0.42),室间隔矛盾运动者由20例减少为10例,血浆BNP由(278.8±43.3)ng/L下降为(119.1±40.4)ng/L(P=0.000 01).5例溶栓无效,溶栓前后超声心动图各参数无明显变化,但血浆BNP由(431.8±57.7)ng/L增加为(496.4±70.3)ng/L(P=0.03).血浆BNP水平与肺动脉收缩压有较好相关关系(r=0.62,P＜0.01).结论 溶栓治疗能迅速改善APE患者的肺灌注和右心功能.超声联合BNP水平检测可敏感地反映溶栓治疗中的血流动力学变化,准确评价疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the value of combined echocardiography and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) treated by thrombolysis.Methods Echocardiography,pulmonary ventilation-perfusion imaging and plasma BNP levels were performed before thrombolysis and 24 - 48 h after thrombolysis in 31 patients with diagnosis of APE and signs of right ventricular pressure overload.Results Twenty-six patients with thrombolysis effective,after thrombolysis,the pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased from (57.3 ± 18.2)mm Hg to (40.4 ± 15.4)mm Hg (P= 0.003) ,the right ventricular diastolic diameter reduced from (40.6 ± 6.1)mm to (35.4 ± 6.0)mm (P ＜0.01) ,the pulmonary artery diameter reduced from (27.2 ± 4.9)mm to (22.5 ± 4.4)mm (P = 0.004) ,the left ventricular diastolic diameter increased from (42.4 ± 7.2)mm to (43.1 ± 6.9)mm (P = 0.42),septal contradiction were reduced from 20 cases to 10 cases (P = 0.02),plasma BNP levels decreased from (278.8 ± 43.3)ng/L to (119.1 ± 40.4)ng/L (P = 0.000 01).Five patients with thrombolysis ineffective,there were no significant changes before and after thrombolytic therapy in the parameters of echocardiography,however,plasma BNP levels increased from (431.8 ± 57.7) ng/L to (496.4 ± 70.3) ng/L(P = 0.03).Plasma BNP levels and pulmonary artery systolic pressure had a better relationship(r = 0.62,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The pulmonary perfusion and right ventricular function in patients with APE can be rapidly improved by thrombolytic therapy.Combined echocardiography and the BNP levels is a sensitive index in the hemodynamic changes of thrombolytic therapy,and can evaluate the treatment accurately.     

N-末端脑钠肽前体联合超声心动图对急性肺栓塞患者预后的评估

目的明确N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)联合超声心动图在急性肺栓塞(APE)患者预后评估中的价值。方法收集2005年1月至2011年5月收治的48例急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,分别分为死亡组与存活组,高NT-proBNP组与低NT-proBNP组,高肺动脉收缩压(PASP)组与低PASP组;分别比较两组间一般指标、肾功能、NT-proBNP值、PASP值、大面积APE发生率以及死亡率的差异。结果各组间性别、年龄以及肾功能指标均无统计学差异(P>0.05);死亡组大面积APE发生率、PASP及NT-proBNP均明显高于存活组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高NT-proBNP组大面积APE发生率及死亡率均明显高于低NT-proBNP组(P<0.05);高PASP组大面积APE发生率及死亡率均明显高于低PASP组(P<0.05);相关分析显示PASP与NT-proBNP两者呈显著正相关(r=0.423,P<0.01)。结论 NT-proBNP联合超声心动图对APE患者预后的评估有较大价值。     

超声心动图对急性心肌梗死延迟溶栓的评价

目的 通过对急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）延迟溶栓患者左心结构和功能的动态观察,评价延迟溶栓对ＡＭＩ预后的影响。方法 对发病６～１２ｈ的ＡＭＩ９７例患者,分为静脉尿激酶溶栓组３９例,非溶栓组５８例,对６个月内存活的溶栓组３３例及非溶组４１例患者,于心梗后第１个月及第６个月分别进行超声心动图检查,测定左室舒张末期和收缩「末期容积指数（ＬＶＥＤＶＩ,ＬＶＥＳＶＩ）及射血分数（ＥＦ）。结果 溶栓组血管再通率为３     

超声心动图分析发病时间对急性肺血栓栓塞症溶栓疗效的影响

目的 应用超声心动图分析急性肺血栓栓塞患者发病时间对溶栓治疗效果的影响.方法 肺血栓栓塞患者249例,根据发病时间分为三组:Ⅰ组,病程≤4周;Ⅱ组,4周<病程≤12周;Ⅲ组,病程>12周.溶栓治疗前后应用超声心动图检测右心功能,测量指标包括测量右室前后径(RVD)、右室横径(RVTD)、左室横径(LVTD)、右室横径/左室横径(RVTD/LVTD)、右房横径(RATD)、左房横径(LATD)、右房横径/左房横径(RATD/LATD)、右室前壁厚度(RVAWT)、右室前壁运动幅度(RVWAM)、主肺动脉内径(DMPA)、三尖瓣迫流压差(PGTI)、肺动脉收缩压(PASP).结果 治疗前所有患者右心功能指标均明显异常,三组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).系统溶栓治疗1个月后,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组患者RVD、RVTD、RVTD/LVTD、RATD、LATD、RATD/LATD、RVWAM、DMPA、PGTI、PASP均较治疗前改善(P<0.01);Ⅲ组患者RVD、LVTD、RVTD/LVTD、RATD、DMPA、PGTI、PASP也得到改善(P<0.01).其中RVTD/LVTD、PGTI、RATD/LATD三项指标为超声心动图判断溶栓治疗效果的主要指标.结论 急性肺栓塞患者发病时间直接影响其溶栓治疗后心脏结构及功能改善的情况;同时右心比例及PGTI对于快速判断疗效有重要价值.     

超声心动图及B型脑钠肽与左心室舒张期压力的相关性及受试者工作特征曲线评价

目的应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析左心室舒张末期压力（LVEDP）及舒张早期经二尖瓣口血流速度与舒张早期二尖瓣环的运动速度比值（E/Ea）、B型脑钠肽（BNP）的关系。方法收集疑有冠心病行选择性冠状动脉造影检查104例患者进行LVEDP测定,并行多普勒超声心动图检查和BNP测定。分析上述指标的相关性及ROC曲线特征。根据美国纽约心脏病协会（NYHA）的标准对心脏的患者进行心功能分级。结果 104例患者中,86例有器质性心脏病（心功能Ⅰ级及Ⅱ级各18例,心功能Ⅲ级21例,心功能Ⅳ级29例）,另18例无明显的心脏病证据。随着心功能分级的增加,LVEDP、BNP及E/Ea比值呈不同程度进行性的恶化。LVEDP与BNP和E/Ea呈正相关（r=0.786,0.651,均P〈0.01）,与E/A和Ea/Aa呈负相关（r=-0.231,-0.652,P〈0.05或〈0.01）。E/Ea及BNP的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.830及0.951（均P〈0.01）。结论 E/Ea比值及BNP能较好地无创性评估LVEDP,但BNP的准确度更高。     

超声心动图评价急性肺栓塞患者溶栓前后右心功能指标

目的 采用超声心动图测量急性肺栓塞患者溶栓前后右心功能指标以评价溶栓效果.方法 80例急性肺栓塞患者均接受溶栓治疗.溶栓前和溶栓后24 h采用超声心动图检查患者右心室前壁厚度(RVAWT)、右心室舒张末期前后径(RVED)、主肺动脉内径(PAD)、右心室舒张期横径(RVDD)、右心房舒张期横径(RADD)、三尖瓣反流压差(TRPG)及肺动脉收缩压(SPAP).结果 80例急性肺栓塞患者溶栓后RVAWT、RVED、PAD、RVDD、TRPG、SPAP分别为(4.23±1.02)mm、(26.20±3.01) mm、(26.67±2.36)mm、(36.23±4.36)mm、(31.68±2.33)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、(37.52±3.20)mm Hg,较溶栓前的(7.56±1.22)mm、(31.78±3.26)mm、(29.44±2.20)mm、(40.20±5.01)mm、(48.98±3.80) mm Hg、(57.25±4.23)mm Hg均降低,且差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.01、2.78、2.35、2.75、2.98、3.55,P均<0.01或0.05);溶栓后患者RADD为(37.55±5.25)mm,与溶栓前的(38.25±4.25)mm比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.32,P=0.18).结论 超声心动图对急性肺栓塞患者溶栓前后右心功能评价有重要意义.溶栓治疗可改善急性肺栓塞患者右心功能.     

应用蒽环类药物化疗患者血清瘦素、N-端脑钠肽前体与超声心动图的变化

目的探讨应用蒽环类药物化疗患者血清瘦素、N-端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)变化及二者与超声心动图之间的关系。方法选取我院住院的女性乳腺癌术后应用蒽环类药物化疗的患者50例,在化疗前、第1疗程结束、第2疗程结束及第4疗程结束监测患者血清瘦素水平及NT-proBNP变化,超声心动图监测左心室射血分数(LVEF)的变化。应用Pearson相关系数分析血清瘦素、NT-proBNP与超声心动图之间的相关性。结果应用蒽环类药物患者化疗前后的血清瘦素及NT-proBNP比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),LVEF化疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相关性分析显示血清瘦素及NT-proBNP与LVEF呈负相关(分别为r=-0.285、-0.342,均P0.05)。结论应用蒽环类药物化疗患者随化疗周期的延长血清瘦素水平及NT-proBNP逐渐升高。血清瘦素水平及NT-proBNP与超声心动图中LVEF显著相关,在诊断蒽环类药物致心脏毒性的检测中具有重要的临床意义。     

超声心动图诊断左右心房血栓合并肺栓塞1例

患者男,35岁.因"左下肢肿胀伴胸闷气促1周余"入院.患者3个月前左下肢曾有外伤史,2个月前行左膝关节镜检查及治疗后长期卧床制动.     

超声心动图和心电图联合检查在急性肺栓塞诊断中的临床价值

目的探讨超声心动图和心电图联合检查在诊断急性肺栓塞中的临床价值。方法对38例急性肺栓塞患者行经胸超声心动图和心电图检查,并对检查结果进行分析。结果超声心动图诊断急性肺栓塞16例(42.1%),心电图诊断急性肺栓塞13例(39.4%),超声心动图和心电图联合检查诊断急性肺栓塞34例(89.5%)。结论超声心动图与心电图联合检查为急性肺栓塞的诊断和疗效观察提供了直接、快速、无创及更加准确的检查方法。     

肺栓塞的多普勒超声心动图特点

目的 探讨急性肺栓塞患者右心室流出道血流及肺动脉前向血流频谱的特点及相关参数改变的临床应用价值。方法 经选择性肺动脉造影或放射性肺灌注通气扫描确诊的急性肺血栓栓塞患者77例，分为大面积和次大面积急性肺栓塞（Ⅰ组）及非大面积急性肺栓塞（Ⅱ组）。多普勒超声心动图测量右心室流出道血流加速时间（RVact）、肺动脉血流加速时间（Pact）、右心室射血时间（RVET）、右心室射血前期（RPEP）、三尖瓣反流压差（PGTI）、肺动脉前向血流速度（VP）、右心室流出道血流速度（VRVOT），计算RPEP／RVET、RPEP／RVact及RPEP／Pact。结果 Ⅰ组患者的Pact、RVact、RPEP明显较Ⅱ组患者缩短（均P〈0．001），PGTI则显著升高（P〈0．001）。RPEP／RVact、RPEP／Pact与PGTI间具有很好的相关性（r=0．318，0．249，均P〈0．05），而RPEP／RVET与PGTI间不具有相关性（r=-0．262，P〉0．05）。当RVact〈60ms和Pact〈70ms或二者联合诊断RVact＋Pact〈70ms时反映三尖瓣反流压差增高的敏感性最好。结论 根据右心室流出道及肺动脉血流频谱形态、相关参数变化特点，可以快速判断患者右心压力改变情况，为及时诊断、快速治疗提供依据。     

Prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide in acute pulmonary embolism

Introduction

The relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) increase in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and the increase in mortality and morbidity has frequently been suggested in small studies but its global prognostic performance remains largely undefined. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of data to examine the prognostic value of elevated BNP for short-term all-cause mortality and serious adverse events.

Methods

The authors reviewed PubMed, BioMed Central, and the Cochrane database and conducted a manual review of article bibliographies. Using a prespecified search strategy, we included a study if it used BNP or N-terminal pro-BNP biomarkers as a diagnostic test in patients with documented PE and if it reported death, the primary endpoint of the meta-analysis, in relation to BNP testing. Studies were excluded if they were performed in patients without certitude of PE or in a subset of patients with cardiogenic shock. Twelve relevant studies involving a total of 868 patients with acute PE at baseline were included in the meta-analysis using a random-effects model.

Results

Elevated BNP levels were significantly associated with short-term all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR] 6.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.11 to 13.91), with death resulting from PE (OR 6.10, 95% CI 2.58 to 14.25), and with serious adverse events (OR 7.47, 95% CI 4.20 to 13.15). The corresponding positive and negative predictive values for death were 14% (95% CI 11% to 18%) and 99% (95% CI 97% to 100%), respectively.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis indicates that, while elevated BNP levels can help to identify patients with acute PE at high risk of death and adverse outcome events, the high negative predictive value of normal BNP levels is certainly more useful for clinicians to select patients with a likely uneventful follow-up.     

血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体检测对急性肺栓塞患者右心衰竭诊断的意义

目的探讨血浆氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平对急性肺栓塞(APE)所致右心衰竭的诊断价值以及对预后判断的意义。方法 31例APE患者分为3组:大面积栓塞组(9例),次大面积栓塞组(15例),小面积栓塞组(7例)。所有患者均测量血压、血肌酐、D-二聚体及NT-proBNP水平,并行心脏及双下肢静脉血管彩色多普勒超声检查,观察患者临床表现和预后情况。结果大面积栓塞组D-二聚体、NT-proBNP水平及右心室/左心室舒张末内径比值均明显高于次大面积栓塞组,而小面积栓塞组上述指标明显低于次大面积栓塞组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 APE患者右心室功能障碍与NT-proBNP水平明显相关。检测NT-proBNP水平有助于评价APE患者危险分层。     

B-type natriuretic peptide in acute pulmonary embolism

Myocardial stretch leads to the natriuretic peptides release in acute or chronic left ventricular dysfunction. However, there is an accumulating evidence that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and its N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) may originate from right ventricle and their concentrations are elevated in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) especially when resulting in right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). Recently it is underlined that severity assessment of APE as well as the risk stratification and therapy selection is based both on patients' hemodynamic status and markers of myocardial injury and RVD. BNP and NT-proBNP are helpful in identifying patients with RVD in APE, emerging as an adjunctive tool to echocardiography. Elevated BNP or NT-proBNP levels are also significant predictors of death and/or complicated clinical course in APE.     

血浆B型尿钠肽对急性肺栓塞患者的预后价值探讨

目的:探讨B型尿钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)对急性肺栓塞患者的预后价值。方法:以本院98例急性肺栓塞患者为研究对象,定量检测血浆BNP水平,随访至出院后6个月,分析BNP水平变化与急性肺栓塞患者危险分层和预后的关系,患者所有临床数据资料均应用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学分析处理。结果:与BNP水平正常的患者相比,BNP升高的患者发生休克、低氧血症等不良临床事件及死亡的比例明显升高。ROC曲线分析表明:血浆BNP水平<226.5ng/L的急性肺栓塞患者的生存率明显高于血浆BNP水平>226.5ng/L的患者(P=0.000)。结论:检测急性肺栓塞患者血浆BNP能在患者入院早期阶段较准确地预测患者的不良预后,有利于患者的危险分层以及指导进一步的治疗决策。     

Brain natriuretic peptide in hemodynamically stable acute pulmonary embolism

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists about the indication of thrombolytic therapy in the subgroup of hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and right ventricular dysfunction. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is excreted from the cardiac ventricles in response to cardiomyocyte stretch and can be measured with an easy-to-perform blood test. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of elevated BNP levels for early recurrent venous thromboembolism with or without fatal outcome in hemodynamically stable patients with acute PE. In addition, we assessed the potential clinical consequences of initiating thrombolytic therapy based on the BNP levels alone. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within the framework of a large randomized-controlled trial totalling 2213 hemodynamically stable patients with confirmed acute, symptomatic PE. Ninety patients experienced a fatal or non-fatal recurrent venous thromboembolism during the first 3 months of follow-up (cases); Two hundred and ninety-seven patients with uneventful follow-up served as controls. Blood for BNP levels was obtained at referral and assayed in a central laboratory. RESULTS: Cases had significantly higher mean baseline BNP levels (P = 0.0002). The odds ratio (OR) for every logarithmic (log) unit increase in BNP concentration was 2.4 (95% CI: 1.5-3.7). A BNP cut-off level of 1.25 pmol L(-1) [the optimal point on the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve] was associated with a sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 62%, respectively. In theory, for every patient correctly receiving thrombolytic therapy at this cut-off, 16 patients will receive this therapy unnecessarily. CONCLUSIONS: Brain natriuretic peptide level at presentation is significantly associated with early (fatal) recurrent venous thromboembolism in hemodynamically stable patients with acute PE. However, this relationship appears clinically insufficient to guide the initiation of thrombolytic therapy.     

脑钠素检测对诊断无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者的意义

目的　探讨脑钠素 (BNP)测定对诊断无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征的临床意义。方法　将 5 4例无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者分为非Q波心肌梗死组 (NQMI组 ,n=2 5 )、不稳定型心绞痛组 (UA组 ,n =2 9) ,分别测定症状发作 6小时内及 2 4小时的BNP和心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT) ,并和 30例正常的健康体检者 (对照组 )作比较。结果　症状发作 6小时内 ,BNP含量NQMI组 (5 6 .30± 16 .8) μg/L ,UA组 (35 .30± 15 .4 0 ) μg/L ,均显著高于对照组 (10 .6 4± 1.80 ) μg/L(P <0 .0 1) ,cTnT无显著变化。症状发作 2 4小时 ,NQMI组BNP(15 7.0 0± 2 0 .4 0 ) μg/L和cTnT(9.32± 2 .8) μg/L ,显著高于对照组 (10 .4 6± 1.90 ) μg/L和 (0 .0 3± 0 .0 1) μg/L(P <0 .0 1) ,UA组cTnT有6 3.2 %的患者为正常值 (≤ 0 .1μg/L) ,而BNP显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　血浆BNP含量有助于对无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征的早期诊断     

Marked elevations in N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide levels in septic shock

Introduction  

N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a cardiac biomarker that has recently shown to be of diagnostic value in a diagnosis of decompensated heart failure, acute coronary syndromes and other conditions resulting in myocardial stretch. We sought to study whether sepsis-induced myocardial dilation would result in an elevation of NT-proBNP.     

Elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide in acute hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

1. Studies in vitro have recently shown that both atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide have pulmonary vasorelaxant activity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate for the first time whether plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide are elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide were therefore measured in 12 patients admitted with acute hypoxaemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [arterial partial pressure of O2, 6.2 +/- 0.4 kPa; arterial partial pressure of CO2, 6.9 +/- 0.1 kPa; forced expiratory volume in 1 s, 0.6 +/- 0.07 litre (27 +/- 3% of predicted)]. All but three patients had oedema on admission. 2. Plasma levels of both brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide were elevated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (31.4 +/- 4.1 pmol/l and 45.0 +/- 8.1 pmol/l, respectively) compared with healthy control subjects (1.7 +/- 0.8 pmol/l and 8.0 +/- 3.5 pmol/l, respectively). Thus, plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were increased by 18.5- and 5.6-fold respectively compared with healthy control subjects. 3. There was a significant inverse correlation between the plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide and the arterial partial pressure of O2 (r = -0.65, r2 = 0.42, P = 0.03), but not between the plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level and the arterial partial pressure of O2 (r2 = 0.07, not significant). The arterial partial pressure of CO2 did not correlate with the plasma level of either brain natriuretic peptide or atrial natriuretic peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)