用浓H2SO4-K2Cr2O7改性煤基活性炭催化合成乙酸正丁酯

乙酸正丁酯是一种重要的化工原料,也可广泛应用于食品工业、医药工业中作香料、溶剂等。它的传统合成方法是在硫酸催化下,冰乙酸和正丁醇进行酯化制得,但此法有很多公认的缺点[1,2]。近年来人们不断探索新型催化剂来代替硫酸,国内外研究较多的催化剂有无机盐[3,4]、固体酸[5-7]     

PtY／Al2O3催化剂活性中心初探

铂铼、铂锡、铂铱等双金属催化剂已有报道,但有关以稀土金属为第2或第3组分的重整催化剂的报道尚很少见,本文报道用中毒法对PtY/Al_2O_3的金属活性中心性质的研究,试图探讨其活性中心与催化性质的某些联系。 1 实验部分 按文献[1]制备催化剂,其中Pt、Y、Cl含量分别为0.3、0.1、1.0 wt％,使用前不焙烧,比     

Ce(SO4)2·xH2O复合CuSO4·yH2O催化剂的制备及其酯化催化性能

硫酸铈;硫酸铜;复合催化剂;酯化反应;Ce(SO4)2·xH2O复合CuSO4·yH2O催化剂的制备及其酯化催化性能     

稀土铈掺杂对甲烷高温燃烧催化剂LaFeAl11O19结构和性能的影响

六铝酸盐甲烷高温燃烧催化剂研究目前主要集中在BaMnA l11O19基和LaMnA l11O19基的催化剂上[1-4],关于LaFeA l11O19催化剂研究相对较少,而据文献报道[5]在沉淀法制备取代型的六铝酸钡催化剂中铁和锰活性相近,但铁比锰具有更高的耐高温和抗水热冲击的能力,因此本工作选择LaFeA l     

B2O3/ZrO2催化剂稳定性和再生性能的研究

以气相环己酮肟重排反应合成己内酰胺是多相催化研究领域的重要课题之一[1,2]. 本研究小组曾首次报道了B2O3/ZrO2催化剂对该反应表现出较高的活性和己内酰胺选择性,但是该催化剂的稳定性和再生性能较差[3,4]. 而通过对催化剂的组成和结构与己内酰胺产率关系的研究表明,当B2O3在ZrO2载体(60 m2/g)表面平均形成约两个单层厚度的B2O3表面相时催化剂性能最好[2],这预示着增加ZrO2载体的比表面积可望改善B2O3/ZrO2催化剂的性能. 采用常规方法制备的ZrO(OH)2经600 ℃焙烧后所得ZrO2的比表面积一般不超过60 m2/g. 本文以蒸煮回流ZrO(OH)2水凝胶的方法制备了高比表面积的ZrO2,并考察了以其为载体的B2O3/ZrO2催化剂对气相环己酮肟重排反应的催化性能.     

RuCl3催化氧化γ-甲基吡啶合成γ-吡啶羧酸的研究

吡啶类含氧化合物是一类很重要的有机化合物 ,在药物、食品和饲料添加剂、染料工业等诸多领域应用极为广泛。关于吡啶羧酸的制备 ,实验室和工业上都有较多的研究报道[1 ] 。但不外乎两大类 ,一类反应是化学计量氧化法 ,如高锰酸钾氧化法[1 ] 和硝酸氧化法[2 ,3] ,这类方法原料消耗量大 ,成本高 ,不适合于规模生产。另一类反应是催化氧化法 ,对这类反应研究的报道 ,工业上普遍采用的一种生产工艺是氨氧化法[1 ] ,此法是工业上生产烟酰胺和烟酸的重要方法之一 ,其条件苛刻。文献[4～ 6] 报道以醋酸作溶剂、以醋酸钴、醋酸锰和溴化物作催化剂 ,…     

Sm2O3改性对S2O2-8/ZrO2-SiO2固体超强酸催化剂性能的影响

硫酸促进型固体超强酸催化剂具有极强的酸性,制备简单,在酯化、烷基化、酰基化等有机反应中催化活性高,可重复使用,对设备腐蚀小,环境友好,是一类具有广阔应用前景的新型绿色催化材料,已成为固体超强酸研究的热点之一。然而,目前该类催化剂使用成本高、比表面小、含硫基团容易流失、稳定性差,阻碍了其在工业上的推广和应用。为了探索和改善其催化性能,近年来多组分氧化物的固体超强酸开始引起人们的关注。     

六方沸石分子筛催化剂用于异丁烷与丁烯的烷基化

异构烷烃与烯烃的烷基化是炼油装置制备高辛烷值汽油添加剂的重要途径.目前传统工艺仍使用矿物酸如硫酸或氢氟酸作催化剂,由于该工艺存在着产物分离困难、设备腐蚀严重及环境污染问题,从60年代起国内外开始致力于新型固体酸催化剂的研究与开发工作,已报道的有离子交换树脂[1]、分子筛催化剂[2]及SO=4/MxOy型催化剂[3]等,在分子筛催化剂中已报道的有立方沸石[4]β-分子筛[5]、ZSM系列[5]、分子筛[5]、蒙脱石[5]及MCM-22[6]等,这些催化剂的共性是催化活性较高,但失活较快.目前对分子筛催化剂的研究主要集中在改进的立方沸石体系,而六方沸石催化剂催化异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应尚未见报道.     

新型超分子化合物C6H20N2O64P2MO18·8H2O 的晶体结构及电催化作用

多酸是较好的受体分子,当它与有机电子给体作用时,可形成超分子化合物.90年代初这类化合物的研究才刚刚起步.作为一类新型电、磁、非线性光学材料极具开发价值[1].用氨基酸作为电子给体对生物活性研究意义重大[2],有关Keggin结构的超分子化合物已见报道[3],但标题化合物这类手性阴离子[4]与手性氨基酸所形成的杂多化合物及单晶结构尚未见文献报道.     

硫酸亚铁液相法制纳米氧化铁的研究

纳米氧化铁可用作制备催化剂、陶瓷、颜料和磁性记录材料等。目前文献报道其制备方法有:微乳液法[1]、溶胶-凝胶法[2,3]、水热法[4]、辐射合成法[5]、水解法[6]、附着法[7]、火焰燃烧分解法[8]等。我国工业生产钛白粉基本采用硫酸法,每生产1吨钛白粉约有3~3·5吨的副产物七水硫     

Thermal Decomposition of CF3C(O)O2NO2, CClF2C(O)O2NO2, CCl2FC(O)O2NO2, and CCl3C(O)O2NO2

Haloacetyl, peroxynitrates are intermediates in the atmospheric degradation of a number of haloethanes. In this work, thermal decomposition rate constants of CF₃C(O)O₂NO₂, CClF₂C(O)O₂NO₂, CCl₂FC(O)O₂NO₂, and CCl₃C(O)O₂NO₂ have been determined in a temperature controlled 420 l reaction chamber. Peroxynitrates (RO₂NO₂) were prepared in situ by photolysis of RH/Cl₂/O₂/NO₂/N₂ mixtures (R = CF₃CO, CClF₂CO, CCl₂FCO, and CCl₃CO). Thermal decomposition was initiated by addition of NO, and relative RO₂NO₂ concentrations were measured as a function of time by long-path IR absorption using an FTIR spectrometer. First-order decomposition rate constants were determined at atmospheric pressure (M = N₂) as a function of temperature and, in the case of CF₃C(O)O₂NO₂ and CCl₃C(O)O₂NO₂, also as a function of total pressure. Extrapolation of the measured rate constants to the temperatures and pressures of the upper troposphere yields thermal lifetimes of several thousands of years for all of these peroxynitrates. Thus, the chloro(fluoro)acetyl peroxynitrates may play a role as temporary reservoirs of Cl, their lifetimes in the upper troposphere being limited by their (unknown) photolysis rates. Results on the thermal decomposition of CClF₂CH₂O₂NO₂ and CCl₂FCH₂O₂NO₂ are also reported, showing that the atmospheric lifetimes of these peroxynitrates are very short in the lower troposphere and increase to a maximum of several days close to the tropopause. The ratio of the rate constants for the reactions of CF₃C(O)O₂ radicals with NO₂ and NO was determined to be 0.64 ± 0.13 (2σ) at 315 K and a total pressure of 1000 mbar (M = N₂). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Fe2P2O7(H2O)2

The compound diiron diphosphate dihydrate, Fe₂P₂O₇(H₂O)₂, was synthesized hydro­thermally and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n. The compound has a somewhat open framework made up of edge‐sharing iron(II) octahedra that form chains connected by five bridging diphosphates. The remaining octahedral site of each iron is occupied by coordinated water. The H atoms of the water molecules all point into a common channel.     

Thermodynamics of Cr2O3, FeCr2O4, ZnCr2O4, and CoCr2O4

High-temperature heat capacity measurements were obtained for Cr₂O₃, FeCr₂O₄, ZnCr₂O₄, and CoCr₂O₄ using a differential scanning calorimeter. These data were combined with previously available, overlapping heat capacity data at temperatures up to 400 K and fitted to 5-parameter Maier–Kelley C_p(T) equations. Expressions for molar entropy were then derived by suitable integration of the Maier–Kelley equations in combination with recent S^∘(298) evaluations. Finally, a database of high-temperature equilibrium measurements on the formation of these oxides was constructed and critically evaluated. Gibbs free energies of Cr₂O₃, FeCr₂O₄, and CoCr₂O₄ were referenced by averaging the most reliable results at reference temperatures of (1100, 1400, and 1373) K, respectively, while Gibbs free energies for ZnCr₂O₄ were referenced to the results of Jacob [K.T. Jacob, Thermochim. Acta 15 (1976) 79–87] at T = 1100 K. Thermodynamic extrapolations from the high-temperature reference points to T = 298.15 K by application of the heat capacity correlations gave Δ_fG^∘(298) = (−1049.96, −1339.40, −1428.35, and −1326.75) kJ · mol⁻¹ for Cr₂O₃, FeCr₂O₄, ZnCr₂O₄, and CoCr₂O₄, respectively.     

K2[Mo2O4(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·3H2O

The crystal and molecular structure of dipotassium di‐μ‐oxo‐bis[aqua(oxalato‐O¹,O²)oxomolybdenum(III)] trihydrate, K₂­[Mo₂O₄(C₂O₄)₂(H₂O)₂]·3H₂O, has been determined from X‐ray diffraction data. In the dimeric anion, which has approximate twofold symmetry, each Mo atom is in a distorted octahedral coordination, being bonded to one terminal oxo‐O atom, two bridging O atoms, two O atoms from the oxalato ligand and one from the water mol­ecule. Bond lengths trans to the multiple‐bonded terminal oxo ligand are larger than those in the cis position, confirming the trans influence as a generally valid rule.     

Ga2O3-La2O3-Yb2O3-Er2O3(HO2O3)体系光谱性质的研究

根据稀土离子能级的特点,对Ga2O3-La2O3-Yb2O3-Er2O3(HO2O3)体系的光谱性质进行了探讨,发现它们有二类发光性质:Stokes发光和反Stokes发光,研究了发光强度和发射波长与掺杂离子的依赖关系,观察到由能量的共振转移引起的荧光浓度猝灭现象,并取得了最大发光强度时的掺杂离子浓度和一些规律性结果.     

Kristallstruktur von LiHC2O4-H2O

LiHC₂O₄ · H₂O crystallizes in space group P 1 with a₀ = 4.99, b₀ = 6.16, c₀ = 3.45 Å; α₀ = 96.3°, β₀ = 98.0°, γ₀ = 80.4° and Z = 1. The crystal structure has been determined by direct methods. Refinement by least squares methods resulted to R₁ = 8,3%. In the structure the oxalate group is not planar. The angle between the two O? C? O planes is 2.9°.     

Studies on the System ZnO-V2O5-Fe2O3 Reactivity of ZnFe2O4 Towards ZnV2O6

Studies on the reactivity of ZnFe₂O₄ towards ZnV₂O₆ revealed that in the solid state the phases interact in a molar ratio of 1:3 to form a new compound, to which the molecular formula Zn₂FeV₃O₁₁ was assigned. The compound melts congruently at 825±5°C. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Die sechsgliedrigen Ringsysteme PIIISi2N2O, [PVSi2N2O]⊕ und PVSi2N2O

Compounds I-X of the sixmembered ring system PSi₂N₂O with phosphorus in different oxidation and bond numbers, collected in Schema 1, have been prepared for the first time and confirmed in their structure by elemental analysis as well as by infrared and¹H- and³¹P-spectroscopy.

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Mit Auszügen aus der DissertationK. P. Giesen, Techn. Univ. Braunschweig 1972.