LPO,PGI2／TXA2与动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

脂质过氧化能损伤血管内皮细胞，导致前列环素／血栓素Ａ２比值下降，引起血小板聚集性增强，血小板活化，释放５－羟色胺，血小板衍化生长因子及Ｏ＾＿２等，促进内皮细胞，平滑肌细胞和巨噬细胞内泡沫细胞的转化，加速动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展。     

海豹油对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的影响

研究海豹油对家兔血脂、脂质过氧化及动脉粥样硬化斑形成的影响。方法：用喂饲高胆固醇食物和猪油的办法建立16只家兔动脉粥样硬化模型，随机分为海豹油组（高脂词料＋海豹油）和对照组（高脂饲料）。结果：连续给药8周后，海豹油组较对照组总胆固醇、甘油三酯显著降低（P＜0．01，＜0．05），高密度脂蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶显著升高（P＜0．01）。结论：海豹油对心血管病防治和康复具有重大意义。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响

为了探讨绞股蓝总皂甙防止动脉粥样硬化的作用及其机制，在新西兰兔食饵性动脉粥样硬化模型上观察了绞股蓝总皂甙治疗性给药对主动脉壁粥样硬化斑块形成及脂质过氧化的影响。发同绞股蓝总皂甙（１２０ｍｇ／ｄ）治疗四周能减少主动脉壁块形成，苏丹Ⅳ当色及形态计量学分析显示绞股蓝总皂甙治疗组的斑块面积较之高脂组减少了３７％；主动脉壁脂质过氧化程度也明显减轻，丙二醛含量仅为高脂组的６７％。此外，还观察到绞股蓝总皂甙在减     

血脂康对实验性家兔动脉粥样硬化形成及其脂质过氧化损伤的影响

目的：探讨血脂康对实验性家兔动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）的形成及其脂质过氧化损伤的影响。方法：将纯种新西兰白兔采用随机分层分组法分为３组，即对照组、高脂组和治疗组。以高胆固醇饮食建立家兔动脉粥样硬化模型观察各组家兔血脂、血浆过氧化脂质、超氧化物歧化酶及主动脉、冠状动脉的病理改变。结果：血脂康能明显降低高胆固醇饮食家兔血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＜０．０５），轻度增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（Ｐ＞０．０５），明显地抑制血浆过氧化脂质的形成（Ｐ＜０．０５）及超氧化物歧化酶含量的降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）；抑制肝脏、肾脏过氧化脂质的形成及超氧化物歧化酶含量的降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。治疗组主动脉硬化斑块面积与动脉总面积比值明显降低，泡沫细胞层数明显减少，主动脉及冠状动脉病变明显减轻。结论：血脂康具有明显的调整血脂、抑制高胆固醇饮食家兔动脉粥样硬化形成及其脂质过氧化损伤的作用     

绞股蓝总皂甙对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血清一氧化氮及过氧化脂质的影响

本实验在新西兰兔食饵性动脉粥样硬化模型上,观察了绞股蓝总皂甙预防性给药和治疗性给药对血清一氧化氮、胆固醇及过氧化脂质的影响。发现绞股蓝总皂甙(60mg·d-1)与1%胆固醇同时喂养或喂胆固醇4周后以绞股蓝总皂甙(120mg·d-1)治疗4周均能有效抑制高脂所致的血清一氧化氮降低和过氧化脂质升高,并能保护超氧化物歧化酶活性和降低血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯的水平。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化斑块形成的影响

为了探讨绞股蓝总皂甙防止动脉粥样硬化的作用及其机制．在新西兰兔食饵性动脉粥样硬化模型上，观察了绞股蓝总皂甙治疗性给药对主动脉壁粥样硬化斑块形成及脂质过氧化的影响。发现绞股蓝总皂甙（120mg／d）治疗四周能减少主动脉壁斑块形成．苏丹IV染色及形态计量学分析显示绞股蓝总皂甙治疗组的斑块面积较之高脂组减少了37％；主动脉壁脂质过氧化程度也明显减轻，丙二醛含量仅为高脂组的67％。此外，还观察到绞股蓝总皂甙在减少主动脉壁斑块形成和脂质过氧化的同时，还能保护血管壁释放或合成一氧化氮的能力，并防止因长期高胆固醇血症引起的主动脉壁Ca2 超载。绞股蓝总皂甙的作用与抗氧化剂维生素E相似。     

绞股蓝总皂甙对实验性动脉粥样硬化家兔血清一氧化氮及过氧化脂质的影响

本实验在新西兰兔食饵性动脉粥样硬化模型上，观察了绞股蓝总皂甙预防性给药和治疗性给药对血清一氧化氮、胆固醇及过氧化脂质的影响。发现绞股蓝总皂甙（６０ｍｇ·ｄ－１）与１％胆固醇同时喂养或喂胆固醇４周后以绞股蓝总皂甙（１２０ｍｇ·ｄ－１）治疗４周均能有效抑制高脂所致的血清一氧化氮降低和过氧化脂质升高，并能保护超氧化物歧化酶活性和降低血清总胆固醇及甘油三酯的水平。     

硒对培养的内皮细胞中过氧化脂质及前列环素的影响

硒引起培养内皮细胞前列环素(PGI_2)的时间相关性升高,并有阻断高脂血清诱发内皮细胞过氧化代谢和减少过氧化脂质(Lpo)生成的作用,从而保护了内皮细胞的PGI_2合成。抗氧化剂维生素E也有类似作用。     

脂质过氧化对培养人内皮细胞释放内皮素,前列环素的影响

以氢过氧化枯烯作用于培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞，观察到加入氢过氧化枯烯后内皮细胞贴附率由0.9降至0.45，培养液中丙二醛（MDA）、内皮素（ET）含量显著增高（P＜0.001）、6-酮-前列腺素F_(1a)(6-Keto-PGF_(1a))含量显著降低（P＜0.001）。提示脂质过氧化引起内皮细胞损伤，致ET释放增多，PGI_2合成减少。     

盐敏感性高血压前列环素与血栓皖素A2代谢异常及与早期肾损害的相关性研究

目的探讨急性口服盐水负荷对高血压盐敏感者肾脏前列环素(PGI2)及血栓皖素A2(TXA2)的代谢变化及其与早期肾损害的相关性。方法采用改良的Sullivan s法将2006—2009年福建省心血管病研究所心内科150例高血压患者分为盐敏感性(SS,83例)和非盐敏感性(NSS,67例)高血压组;采用放射免疫法测定尿白蛋白(Alb)及盐水负荷前后TXA2、PGI2的代谢产物TXB2、6-酮-PGF1α并对二者行相关分析。结果 SS组晨尿Alb/肌酐(Scr)显著高于NSS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),口服盐水负荷后2 h,盐敏感者6-酮-PGF1α浓度明显较盐不敏感者低(P<0.05);而盐负荷后盐敏感者TXB2浓度、TXB2/6-酮-PGF1α及负荷后的增加幅度均明显较盐不敏感者高,TXB2/6-酮-PGF1α盐负荷后2 h显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TXB2/6-酮-PGF1α与尿Alb/Scr呈显著正相关(r=0.267,P<0.05)。结论盐负荷对高血压盐敏感及盐不敏感者肾脏TXA/PGI代谢的影响有明显差异,与盐敏感性高血压早期肾损害有关。     

赖诺普利、氨氯地平和比索洛尔对高血压病患者血浆一氧化氮、前列环素与内皮素的影响

目的：探讨高血压病患者血浆一氧化氮（ Ｎ０）,前列环素（ Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ ）与内皮素（ Ｅ Ｔ）水平变化及赖诺普利、氨氯地平、比索洛尔对这些物质的影响。　方法：测定２０ 名正常人、８４ 名高血压病患者的血浆硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐（ Ｎ Ｏ 的代谢产物）、６┐酮┐前列腺素 Ｆ１α（ Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 代谢产物）、 Ｅ Ｔ水平与血压,并进行治疗前后的对比分析。４６ 名患者用赖诺普利治疗,２０ 名用氨氯地平治疗,１８ 名用比索洛尔治疗,疗程均为８ 周。　结果：患者血浆 Ｎ Ｏ 和 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 水平明显低于正常人,而 Ｅ Ｔ水平显著高于正常人。这种变化与病情严重程度相平衡。赖诺普利组治疗后各期 Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 水平提高, Ｅ Ｔ水平下降。氨氯地平组治疗后 Ｅ Ｔ水平下降,但 Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 水平无改变。比索洛尔组治疗后 Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２、 Ｅ Ｔ均无显著改变。　结论：高血压病与血浆 Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 水平呈负相关,而与 Ｅ Ｔ水平呈正相关,此现象随着病情加重而更显著。赖诺普利组治疗后其疗效与 Ｎ Ｏ、 Ｐ Ｇ Ｉ２ 水平呈正相关,而与 Ｅ Ｔ水平呈负相关,这可能是 Ａ Ｃ Ｅ Ｉ赖诺普利的降压机理之一。     

Effects of cicletanine on the urinary excretion of prostanoids and kallikrein,and on renal function in man

Summary The effects of cicletanine, a new antihypertensive agent, on the prostaglandin-kallikrein system and the reninangiotensin system were studied. A single oral dose of 200 mg cicletanine or placebo was administered to 9 healthy male volunteers, with samples of blood and urine obtained before and 2 hours after drug administration. Cicletanine increased the urine flow, urinary excretion of sodium, and fractional excretion of sodium by 47%, 115%, and 104%, respectively. While the excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin-F₁ was enhanced significantly, urinary excretion of thromboxane-B₂, prostaglandin-E₂, and kallikrein were unchanged. Cicletanine also did not alter plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, or creatinine clearance. These observations suggest that cicletanine may suppress sodium reabsorption at the nephron, and it may stimulate prostacyclin generation with no effect on that of thromboxane-A₂. Thus cicletanine may be beneficial in the management of cardiovascular disorders in which the equilibrium between prostacyclin and thromboxane is disturbed.     

Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin/Chitosan-Based Functional Films Incorporated with Rosemary Essential Oil and Quercetin

Functional food packaging films were prepared using a binary mixture of chitosan and gelatin through crosslinking with genipin and hybridization with rosemary essential oil and quercetin. The mixture of chitosan and gelatin produced the compatible film, and the added fillers also showed good compatibility. The physical properties of the chitosan/gelatin film were not greatly affected by crosslinking with genipin, and the functionality of the composite film was increased by the addition of rosemary essential oil and quercetin. The bioactive additives did not significantly affect the hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties of the chitosan/gelatin film but significantly changed the color, while the mechanical and thermal properties were slightly affected. The addition of these functional fillers significantly improved the UV protection, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the chitosan/gelatin film. Therefore, the novel chitosan/gelatin film with genipin crosslinking and the integration of rosemary essential oil and quercetin is considered to have high potential for applications in active food packaging.     

Aging decreases the production of PGI2 in rat aortic endothelial cells

It has been suggested that progressive pathophysiologic modifications of endothelium are associated with aging. Aging has been shown to influence some specific functions at the cellular level. In the present study, the effects of aging on levels of prostacyclin (PGI₂) production were examined in cultured rat aortic endothelial cells from young (six-week-old) and old (100-week-old) Wistar rats. The level of PGI₂ production from rat aortic endothelial cells decreased significantly with increasing age, suggesting decreased function of the endothelial cells. The production of PGI₂ stimulated by thrombin was decreased in old rat aortic endothelial cells compared to young rat aortic endothelial cells, whereas there was no difference in the rate of intracellular calcium mobilization caused by thrombin. These data indicate that aging nonuniformly affects both basal and agonist-induced levels of PGI₂ production in rat aortic endothelial cells, and that this diminution in PGI₂ production may be related to the age-related potentiation of various thrombotic events.     

Absence of effects of ketanserin on renal prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in essential hypertension

The anti-hypertensive effect of ketanserin, a new antagonist of 5-HT2-serotonergic receptors, was evaluated in 10 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. At the end of 2 weeks of placebo wash-out and following 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with ketanserin (20 mg twice daily), blood pressure and heart rate were measured both in the supine and standing position. In addition, before and at the end of treatment, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma concentration of aldosterone and the nocturnal urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2, the two metabolites that largely reflect the renal synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane, respectively, were determined. The study was carried out in a metabolic ward where the intake of sodium was adjusted to 100-120 mmol day-1. Ketanserin significantly reduced blood pressure both in the supine and standing position with no significant change of heart rate. The treatment did not produce any variation of PRA, aldosterone, urinary excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha or TXB2. These results indicate that ketanserin reduces blood pressure without interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or the renal synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane.     

石菖蒲挥发油对美解眠致痫大鼠脑内c-fos基因表达的调控

目的探讨石菖蒲挥发油对美解眠致痫大鼠癫痫发作时间及其脑内c-fos基因表达的影响。方法选用Wistar大鼠,观察石菖蒲挥发油对美解眠致痫大鼠发作时间的影响。以美解眠诱导制作癫痫动物模型,应用免疫组化方法观察石菖蒲挥发油对其脑内c-fos基因表达的影响。结果服药组大鼠注射美解眠后首次抽搐发作的时间(SB)和第一次达到Ⅴ级发作的时间(RFSvS)延长,美解眠致痫大鼠脑内c-fos基因表达明显增强,石菖蒲挥发油能阻断其表达,并显示出良好的抗癫痫作用。结论石菖蒲挥发油能缓解美解眠所致的癫痫发作,其作用机制可能与降低脑内c-fos基因表达水平有关。     

大豆油乳剂对胃粘膜保护作用的实验研究

实验研究大豆油乳剂治疗消化性溃疡的疗效及其作用机制。方法：采用阿司匹林、应激性溃疡、幽门结扎及慢性醋酸４种胃溃疡动物模型,对大豆油乳剂治疗胃溃疡的疗效进行了研究,其中慢性醋酸模型和幽门结扎模型选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ雄性大鼠,应激性溃疡模型和阿司匹林模型选用昆明种雄性小鼠。同时通过对慢性醋酸模型鼠胃粘膜前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的检测,对植物油乳剂治疗消化性溃疡的机制进行了探讨。结果：大豆油乳剂对４种溃疡动物模型均有疗效（Ｐ＜０．０１）。另外,大豆油乳剂可增加鼠胃粘膜的内源性ＰＧＥ２（Ｐ＜０．０１）,降低动物胃粘膜的ＳＯＤ活性（Ｐ＜０．０１）及ＭＤＡ含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：大豆油乳剂对实验动物的消化性溃疡疗效肯定,其机制主要与增加胃粘膜内源性ＰＧＥ２、减轻氧自由基对胃粘膜的损害有关。     

Effects of Cod Liver Oil on Platelets and Coagulation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa)

Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa) were given 30 ml cod liver oil (CLO) as dietary supplement daily for 6 weeks. The effects on platelets, bleeding time, coagulation and blood and platelet lipids were examined. The major findings were a reduced collagen-induced platelet aggregation and a decrease in thrombin-stimulated thromboxane B₂ generation in platelets in vitro. The primary bleeding time was not significantly prolonged. Statistically significant increase in ***eicosapentaenoic add/arachidonic acid ratios in the main platelet phospholipids were also observed. These changes did not correlate with any of the changes in platelet behavior observed after CLO intake. The serum total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not altered during the trial.     

硒对老龄雄性大鼠机体谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化脂质及其比值的影响

本文比较了年轻(3～4月龄)和老龄(20～21月龄)雄性Wistar大鼠全血、肝脏、心脏、肾脏组织硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(SeGSN-P_x)的活性,血浆以及上述脏器组织脂质过氧化物(LPO)的含量及SeGSH-P_x/LPO比值变化。观察给予老龄雄性大鼠机体补充Se后对上述指标的影响。结果表明,Se可以提高老龄机体抗脂质过氧化的能力。