单核细胞趋化蛋白1和血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白水平与脑梗死进展及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨血清单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(VE-cadherin)水平与脑梗死进展及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法选取112例急性脑梗死患者作为脑梗死组,其中进展性脑梗死37例,非进展性脑梗死75例;颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)正常19例、IMT增厚17例及斑块76例,同时选择健康体检者49例作为对照组。比较各组血清MCP-1、VE-cadherin水平。结果脑梗死组血清MCP-1[(305.21±32.17)ng/L vs(217.70±23.33)ng/L]和VE-cadherin[(6.12±1.11)mg/L vs(3.95±0.40)mg/L]均高于对照组(P0.05)。与非进展性脑梗死比较,进展性脑梗死患者血清MCP-1[(317.23±29.64)ng/L vs(299.28±31.89)mg/L]、VE-cadherin[(6.53±1.06)mg/L vs(5.92±1.09)mg/L]水平升高,颈动脉斑块检出率升高(86.5%vs 58.7%),斑块以混合回声与低回声斑块为主;斑块患者血清MCP-1、VE-cadherin水平高于IMT正常与IMT增厚患者。结论进展性脑梗死患者血清MCP-1、VE-cadherin水平高,提示其与动脉粥样硬化程度及斑块稳定性有一定关系。     

脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血清超敏C反应蛋白水平的相关性分析

目的探讨脑梗死患者的炎症标记物超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法将107例脑梗死患者按颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)分为IMT正常组、IMT增厚组和斑块组,或者IMT正常组和动脉粥样硬化组,比较各组间血清hs-CRP水平。结果 IMT增厚组、斑块组血清hs-CRP显著高于IMT正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);斑块组血清hs-CRP显著高于IMT增厚组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。动脉粥样硬化组血清hs-CRP显著高于IMT正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结合血清hs-CRP水平与颈动脉IMT可以预测脑梗死的发生及预后。     

血清CD40、CD40L和基质金属蛋白酶-9水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性

目的观察颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、白细胞分化抗原40及其配体(CD40/CD40L)和基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)变化,探讨上述指标之间的关系。方法选择CAS患者94例,其中IMT增厚的有34例,颈动脉斑块形成的有60例;健康体检者20例(IMT正常组)。采用颈动脉超声检测实验组和对照组IMT,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测两组血清CD40、CD40L和MMP-9水平。结果随着IMT的增厚,血清CD40、CD40L、MMP-9水平明显升高(P0.05);有不稳定斑块的CAS患者IMT及血清CD40、CD40L、MMP-9水平较稳定斑块患者明显升高,不稳定斑块CAS患者脑梗死(CI)发病率高于斑块稳定组(P均0.05)。结论血清CD40、CD40L、MMP-9能促进CAS的形成和增厚,MMP-9能增加斑块的不稳定性,导致CI的发生,监测血清CD40、CD40L、MMP-9水平,能用来预测CAS患者的IMT、斑块的稳定性和疾病的预后。     

急性缺血性脑血管病患者血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平变化及临床意义

目的探讨急性缺血性脑血管病患者血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)及妊娠相关血浆蛋白(PAPP)-A水平及临床意义。方法选择86例急性缺血性脑血管病患者作为实验组,同期入院行健康体检者30例作为对照组。比较两组以及实验组发病24 h内、治疗后第7天、治疗后第14天血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平。观察动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、不同性质颈动脉斑块的血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平。结果实验组血清oxLDL及PAPP-A水平显著高于对照组(P0.05);实验组治疗后第7、14天血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平显著低于发病24 h内(P0.05);颈动脉硬化组血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平显著高于IMT增厚组,IMT增厚组血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平显著高于IMT正常组。易损斑块组血清ox-LDL及PAPPA水平显著高于稳定斑块组。结论通过检测血清ox-LDL及PAPP-A水平,可提示急性缺血性脑血管病早期发生,判断预后,值得临床推广应用。     

脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法收集该院收治的脑梗死患者60例为脑梗死组,同时期的健康体检者20例为正常对照组,对所有研究对象的血清Hcy、叶酸及维生素(Vit)B12水平及颈动脉粥样硬化相关情况进行检测分析。结果与正常对照组比较,脑梗死组患者的血清Hcy水平较高,血清叶酸及Vit B12水平较低(P0.05)。与正常对照组比较,脑梗死组患者的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)较高(P0.05)。不同颈动脉狭窄程度患者血清Hcy水平:无狭窄组轻度狭窄组中度狭窄组重度狭窄组(P0.05)。不同颈动脉斑块数量患者血清Hcy水平:无斑块组单发斑块组多发斑块组(P0.05)。不稳定斑块组的血清Hcy水平明显高于稳定斑块组(P0.05)。脑梗死患者颈动脉IMT与血清Hcy水平呈线性正相关(r=0.612,P0.01)。结论脑梗死患者的血清Hcy水平及颈动脉IMT水平高于正常对照组,且血清Hcy水平越高,颈动脉粥样硬化程度越严重。     

急性脑梗死患者血清PAPP-A水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的相关性

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声检查79例急性脑梗死组患者和64例正常对照者的颈动脉斑块及内膜中膜厚度(IMT),同时检测血清PAPP-A水平;将急性脑梗死患者依据颈动脉超声检查结果分为颈动脉无斑块组15例,稳定性斑块组20例,不稳定性斑块组44例,比较各组血清PAPP-A水平。结果急性脑梗死斑块检出率、不稳定性斑块检出率及IMT均显著高于正常对照组(P0.01),血清PAPP-A水平高于正常对照组(P0.05)。在急性脑梗死患者中,不稳定性斑块组血清PAPP-A水平显著高于稳定性斑块组和无斑块组,稳定性斑块组血清PAPP-A水平显著高于无斑块组(P0.01)。线性相关分析显示,急性脑梗死组患者IMT与血清PAPP-A水平有明显相关性(r=0.718,P0.01)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及其稳定性与脑梗死发生有密切关系;PAPP-A与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关,可能是不稳定性粥样硬化斑块的血清标志物。     

同型半胱氨酸 血尿酸水平与腔隙性脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、血尿酸(SUA)水平与腔隙性脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法选取2012-11~2015-10该院住院的腔隙性脑梗死患者93例作为脑梗死组,根据超声检查结果分为动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)正常组26例,IMT增厚组22例,斑块组45例三个亚组,另选择同期90名健康体检者作为正常对照组,比较各组间Hcy、SUA水平及IMT值,并分析指标间相关性。结果脑梗死组血清Hcy、SUA水平均明显高于正常对照组(P0.01)。脑梗死组内各亚组之间血清Hcy、SUA水平及IMT值比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),其中IMT增厚组和斑块组各指标均明显高于IMT正常组(P0.05),而斑块组各指标则均明显高于IMT增厚组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示腔隙性脑梗死患者IMT值与血清Hcy、SUA水平之间均呈正相关(P0.05)。结论腔隙性脑梗死患者血清Hcy、SUA水平明显增高,且血清Hcy、SUA水平升高与颈动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关。     

同型半胱氨酸和胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C与脑梗死病人颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的观察同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(CysC)与脑梗死病人颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法入选2013年1月—2017年12月诊治的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死病人200例为观察组,同期健康体检人群100名为对照组。观察组病人经多普勒超声检查颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)进一步分组,即IMT正常组(IMT1.0mm)、IMT增厚组(1.0mm≤IMT1.2 mm)和斑块组(IMT≥1.2 mm)斑块组,根据斑块性质分为软斑块组、硬斑块组以及混合斑块组。检测比较各组间Hcy和CysC水平的差异,采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性逐步回归分析Hcy和CysC与脑梗死病人颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。结果与对照组比较,观察组Hcy和CysC水平升高(均P 0.05)。随着IMT的增厚,Hcy和CysC水平也逐渐升高(均P 0.05)。混合斑块组的Hcy和CysC水平高于软斑块组和硬斑块组,软斑块组又高于硬斑块组(均P 0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,Hcy(r=0.358,P 0.05)和CysC(r=0.462,P 0.05)水平与IMT呈正相关。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,Hcy(β=2.969,P 0.05)和CysC(β=2.369,P 0.05)是IMT增厚或斑块形成的危险因素。结论 Hcy和CysC水平升高是动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死病人颈动脉IMT增厚或斑块形成的危险因素。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清ox-LDL水平与颈动脉易损斑块的相关性

目的探讨急性缺血性卒中(CIS)患者血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)水平与颈动脉易损斑块的相关性。方法选取2015年1~9月该院收治的经CT和磁共振成像(MRI)确诊为CIS患者224例,根据颈动脉B型超声检查结果将患者分为无斑块组45例、稳定斑块组62例及易损斑块组117例,调查记录研究对象的一般资料,包括血压、身高、体重等,测定血清ox-LDL、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和空腹血糖(FPG)水平;并采用颈动脉超声检测颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)、总斑块面积(TPA)及斑块性质,分析血清ox-LDL水平与CIS患者颈动脉易损斑块的相关性。结果三组高血压发生率、血清ox-LDL水平、颈动脉IMT平均厚度以及增厚率整体和两两比较均有显著差异(P0.05),易损斑块组的总斑块面积(TPA)明显高于稳定斑块组(P0.01)。相关性分析结果显示三组血清ox-LDL水平与血清TC、LDL-C水平以及颈动脉IMT值呈正相关(r=0.376,0.397,0.203,P0.05),与TG、HDL-C、FPG无相关性(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示易损斑块的形成仅与血清ox-LDL水平独立相关(OR=1.021,95%CI 0.996~1.072,P0.01)。结论急性CIS患者血清ox-LDL水平与颈动脉易损斑块的形成独立相关,提示ox-LDL水平可作为临床初筛易损斑块的血清学指标。     

钙卫蛋白与高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨高血压患者血清钙卫蛋白水平的变化及与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法回顾性入选2015年6月-2016年12月住院和门诊诊治高血压患者280例为高血压组,根据血压水平进一步分为3个亚组:高血压1级组、高血压2级组和高血压3级组;根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)分为3个亚组:IMT正常组、IMT增厚组和斑块形成组;另选取同期年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检人员80人为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测各组受试者血清钙卫蛋白水平,应用彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉IMT水平,统计分析钙卫蛋白与颈动脉IMT的关系。结果高血压组钙卫蛋白、IMT和颈动脉斑块检出率高于对照组(均P0.05),并随着血压水平的升高,钙卫蛋白、颈动脉IMT和斑块检出率逐渐上升。在高血压组患者中,不同颈动脉IMT亚组的钙卫蛋白水平存在差异,IMT增厚亚组和斑块形成亚组高于IMT正常亚组,斑块形成亚组又高于IMT增厚组(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,钙卫蛋白水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关(r=0.548,P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,血清钙卫蛋白水平(B=0.285)、年龄(B=0.237)是高血压患者颈动脉IMT的影响因素(P0.05)。结论高血压患者血清钙卫蛋白水平与血压水平和IMT呈正相关,是颈动脉粥样硬化的影响因素。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.