Propagation characteristics of microwaves in dusty plasmas with multi-collisions

In this study, we consider three main collisions in dusty plasmas and investigate the effects of dust grains on the propagation of electromagnetic(EM) waves through uniform, unmagnetized and weakly ionized dusty plasma. The Drude model is improved to describe the dielectric property of dusty plasmas, which accounts for collisions including electron–molecule, electron–ion, and electron–dust particles. Based on the improved Drude model, the propagation characteristics of microwaves in dusty plasmas have been numerically calculated and studied.The results show that the propagation characteristics of microwaves through dusty plasmas are different from those through normal plasmas. The effects of dust density and size are mainly studied. Numerical results indicate that the momentum transfer between electrons and dust grains makes more energy loss. The dust density and dust size have a similar influence on EM wave propagation, resulting in less transmission and more absorption.     

Breathing Modes in Dusty Plasma

Acoustic breathing modes of dusty plasmas have been investigated in a cylindrical system with an axial symmetry. The linear wave solution and a “dispersion” relation were derived.It was found that in an infinite area, the mode is reduced to a “classical” dust acoustic wave in the region away from the center. If the dusty plasma is confined in a finite region, however, the breathing (or heart-beating) behavior would be found as observed in many experiments.     

Propagation of Nonlinear Solitary Waves in Nonuniform Dusty Plasmas with Two-Ion Temperature

The nonlinear properties of dust acoustic solitary waves in inhomogeneous dusty plasmas with two-ion temperature are investigated. By using the reductive perturbation theory, a modified variable coefficients Korteweg-de Vries （MKdV） equation is derived. The typical integral form of the Sagdeev potential is examined numerically. The numerical results show that the inhomogeneity, the two-ion temperature have strong influence on the nonlinear properties of dust acoustic solitary waves.     

FDTD Simulation on Terahertz Waves Propagation Through a Dusty Plasma

The frequency dependent permittivity for dusty plasmas is provided by introducing the charging response factor and charge relaxation rate of airborne particles. The field equations that describe the characteristics of Terahertz(THz) waves propagation in a dusty plasma sheath are derived and discretized on the basis of the auxiliary differential equation(ADE) in the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method. Compared with numerical solutions in reference, the accuracy for the ADE FDTD method is validated. The reflection property of the metal Aluminum interlayer of the sheath at THz frequencies is discussed. The effects of the thickness, effective collision frequency, airborne particle density, and charge relaxation rate of airborne particles on the electromagnetic properties of Terahertz waves through a dusty plasma slab are investigated.Finally, some potential applications for Terahertz waves in information and communication are analyzed.     

Transverse Instability of Dust-Acoustic Solitary Waves in Magnetized Dusty Plasmas

we theoretically investigated the transverse instability of three-dimensional(3D)dust-acoustic solitary waves in a magnetized dusty plasma.First,a 3D nonlinear ZakharovKuznetsov(ZK)equation,which can be used to describe the time-evolution of dust-acoustic solitary waves in magnetized dusty plasmas,is derived by using the reductive perturbation method.Second,we established a numerical scheme to study the transverse instability of the solitary waves described by the ZK equation.It was found that both stable and unstable solitary waves exist.     

Dusty Sheaths in Magnetized Plasmas

Parameters of self-consistent magnetized dusty sheaths are investigated using computer simulations of a temporal evolution of one-dimensional slab plasma with dust particles. The evolution is caused by a collection of electrons and ions by both a wall (electrode) and dust particles, which are initially immersed into plasma and distributed in front of the electrode. Obtained results show the existence of oscillations of a self-consistent potential in magnetized dusty sheaths including boundary potentials. Dust particles weaken magnetized sheaths and create additional sheaths close to a boundary of dust particles. The magnetic field does not influence on the dust particle charge.     

Faraday angle of Linearly Polarized Waves along Magnetic Field in Magnetized Collisional Plasmas

In magnetized collisional plasmas, owing to the differences between attenuations of left- and right-handed polarized waves, the Faraday rotation angle differs from that in collisionaless plasmas. In this paper, the attenuation rates of left- and right-handed polarized waves are analyzed, and the Faraday angle is expressed by the real and imaginary parts of refractive index of the magnetized plasma, with clear physics meaning. Furthermore, the dependence of Faraday angle on collision frequency is calculated and discussed.     

Three-Dimensional Dust Crystal

Dust plasmas have received considerable attention in recent years due to the fact that a kind of crystal could be established, which is a typical example of an ideal material. In this system, the dust particles are often confined upon a three-dimensional sheath of an axissymmetric concave electrode, where the axial electrostatic force balances the gravitation and the radial electrostatic force keeps the dust from running away horizontally. In this paper, a threedimensional sheath structure is simulated through a liquid model, and the movement of the dust particles is simulated via the dynamic method. The crystals are obtained self consistently. The effect of both the electrode size and the mass of dust particles on the crystals are discussed. The simulation result demonstrates that two kinds of dust crystals could be established by varying the sheath diameter, and some proper conditions are necessary for the formation of a double layer dust crystal.     

Linear tearing modes in an electron-positron plasma

The general dispersion of tearing modes due to the effects of electron inertia and resistivity in pair plasmas is derived analytically,and is discussed in two cases:△'■1 and△'■1,where△'is the instability criterion of the tearing mode.It is found that the conditions under which either resistivity or electron inertia dominates depend strongly on the limit of A'considered.     

Suppression of a spontaneous dust density wave by modulation of ion streaming

Synchronization of a self-excited dust density wave has been experimentally investigated in a strongly coupled dusty plasma. A dust density wave of frequency ~78 Hz is spontaneously generated from the dust void boundary due to the ion streaming instability. The electric field in the dust void region is measured, and the electric field force and ion drag force on the dust particles at the void boundary are estimated to explain the mechanism of spontaneous dust density wave excitation. Synchronization occurring through the suppression mechanism is observed by modulating the ion streaming by applying an external sinusoidal signal to the dust void. At sufficiently high modulation amplitude, the onset of period-doubling bifurcation is observed. Fast Fourier transform spectral analysis is done using time-series data obtained from high-speed video imaging. The van der Pol equation with a force term is used to correlate the observed suppression phenomena.     

Collision effects on propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a sub-wavelength plasma slab of partially ionized dense plasmas

Intensive collisions between electrons and neutral particles in partially ionized plasmas generated in atmospheric/sub-atmospheric pressure environments can sufficiently affect the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves,particularly in the sub-wavelength regime.To investigate the collisional effect in such plasmas,we introduce a simplified plasma slab model with a thickness on the order of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave.The scattering matrix method (SMM) is applied to solve the wave equation in the plasma slab with significant nonuniformity.Results show that the collisions between the electrons and the neutral particles,as well as the incident angle and the plasma thickness,can disturb the transmission and reduce reflection significantly.     

Mode-Coupling Analysis of Parametric Decay Instability in Magnetized Plasmas

In this paper, derived from Maxwell and fluid equations of plasmas, unified nonlinear wave equations are used to describe the parametric decay instability （PDI） in magnetized plasmas, and in view of mode-coupling, we can obtain all the possible PDI channels. By solving the nonlinear equations with a mode-coupling method, we obtain the growth rate of the PDI, of which all of the three waves are ordinary mode （O-mode） or extraordinary mode （X-mode） wave. Under the dipole approximation, an explicit formula of the growth rate of the X-mode and the condition of the equilibrium density scale are obtained. According to the existence conditions of three X-mode waves, this kind of instability might exist in ECRH with the second harmonic X-mode wave.     

Formation and destruction of striation plasmas in helium glow discharge at medium pressures

The striation plasmas are usually generated within a positive column of glow discharge, where rich and complex physical interactions are involved, especially, in the medium or high pressures. Along these lines, our work aims to thoroughly investigate the formation and destruction of helium striation plasmas at kPa level pressures. The characteristics of the helium striation plasmas, and especially the optical emission properties are explored. The emission lines of 706.52 nm and 391.44 nm related to the energetic electrons and the high-energy metastable helium atoms respectively, were focused on in this work. The formation of striation plasmas in a helium glow discharge, is mainly associated with the instability originating from the stepwise ionization of high-energy metastable state atoms, Maxwellization of the electron distribution functions and gas heating. Additionally, the destruction effect of helium striation plasmas is of great significance when a small amount of nitrogen or oxygen is mixed into the discharge plasmas. The reduction of the mean electron energy and the consumption of the high-energy metastable helium atoms are considered as the underlying reasons for the destruction of striation plasmas.     

Dust Acoustic Shock Waves with Non-Thermal and Vortex-Like Ions in Dusty Plasma

A rigorous investigation is presented on the propagation characteristics of non-linear dust acoustic(DA)waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma system containing non-thermal and vortex-like ions and Maxwellian electrons under the effect of a fluctuating charged dust fluid.The three-dimensional(3D)Burgers'equation and a new form of a lower degree modified 3D Burgers'equation with their analytical solutions are derived to study the features of shock waves in such plasmas.The effect of the population of non-thermal ions,the vortex-like ion parameter as well as the temperature ratios of ions and electrons on the evolution of shock waves in the presence of dust charge fluctuation is presented.This theoretical investigation might be effectively utilized to unveil the nature of many astrophysical plasma environments(Saturn's spokes etc.)where such plasmas are reported to have existed.     

Electrostatic Modes of Dusty Plasmas in a Uniform Magnetic Field

Electrostatic dusty plasma waves in a uniform magnetic field are studied.Unless the magnetic field is extremely strong,the dust particles can hardly be magnetized,while however,electrons and ions are easily done so.Electrostatic modes in such dusty plasmas can then be investigated by making use of the “Moderately magnetized” assumption of magnetized electrons and ions,and unmagnetized dust particles.In a high frequency range,due to the existence of dust component.both frequencies of Langmuir waves(parallel to the magnetic field)and upper hybrid waves(perpendicular to the field) are reduced.In the frequency range of ion waves,besides the effect on dust-ion-acoustic waves propagating parallel to the magnetic field.the frequency of ion cyclotron waves perpendicular to the magnetic field is also enhanced.In a very low dust frequency range,we find an “ion-cyclotron-dust-acoustic” mode propagating across the field line with a frequency even slower than dust acoustic waves.     

Low-Frequency Waves in Cold Three-Component Plasmas

The dispersion relation and electromagnetic polarization of the plasma waves are comprehensively studied in cold electron,proton,and heavy charged particle plasmas.Three modes are classified as the fast,intermediate,and slow mode waves according to different phase velocities.When plasmas contain positively-charged particles,the fast and intermediate modes can interact at the small propagating angles,whereas the two modes are separate at the large propagating angles.The near-parallel intermediate and slow waves experience the linear polarization,circular polarization,and linear polarization again,with the increasing wave number.The wave number regime corresponding to the above circular polarization shrinks as the propagating angle increases.Moreover,the fast and intermediate modes cause the reverse change of the electromagnetic polarization at the special wave number.While the heavy particles carry the negative charges,the dispersion relations of the fast and intermediate modes are always separate,being independent of the propagating angles.Furthermore,this study gives new expressions of the three resonance frequencies corresponding to the highly-oblique propagation waves in the general three-component plasmas,and shows the dependence of the resonance frequencies on the propagating angle,the concentration of the heavy particle,and the mass ratio among different kinds of particles.     

Estimation of plasma density perturbation from dusty plasma injection by laser irradiation on tungsten target in DiPS

To investigate the interaction of dusty plasma with magnetized plasmas at divertor plasma simulator, radial profiles of plasma density(ne) and electron temperature were measured in terms of plasma discharge currents and magnetic flux intensity by using a fast scanning probes system with triple tips. Dusty plasma with dusts(a generation rate of 3 μg s~(-1) and a size of 1–10 μm)was produced via interactions between a high-power laser beam and a full tungsten target. As ne increases, the scale of the effects of dusty plasma injection on magnetized plasmas was decreased. Also, the duration of transient fluctuation was reduced. For numerical estimation of plasma density perturbation due to dusty plasma injection, the result was ~10% at a core region of the magnetized plasma with n_e of(2–5)×10~(11) cm~(-3) at steady state condition.     

Investigation of stimulated Raman scattering in longitudinal magnetized plasma by theory and kinetic simulation

Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)in a longitudinal magnetized plasma is studied by theoretical analysis and kinetic simulation.The linear growth rate derived via one-dimensional fluid theory shows the dependence on the plasma density,electron temperature,and magnetic field intensity.One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are carried out to examine the kinetic evolution of SRS under low magnetic intensity of ωc/ω0＜0.01.There are two density regions distinguished in which the absolute growth of enveloped electrostatic waves and spectrum present quite different characteristics.In a relatively low-density plasma(ne～0.20nc),the plasma wave presents typical absolute growth and the magnetic field alleviates linear SRS.While in the plasma whose density is near the cut-off point(ne～0.23nc),the magnetic field induces a spectral splitting of the backscattering and forward-scattering waves.It has been observed in simulations and verified by theoretical analysis.Due to this effect,the onset of reflectivity delays,and the plasma waves form high-frequency oscillation and periodic envelope structure.The split wavenumber Δk/k0 is proportional to the magnetic field intensity and plasma density.These studies provide novel insight into the kinetic behavior of SRS in magnetized plasmas.     

Some studies on transient behaviours of sheath formation in dusty plasma with the effect of adiabatically heated electrons and ions

Based on quasipotential analysis, a plasma sheath is studied through the derivation of the Sagdeev potential equation in dusty plasma coexisting with adiabatically heated electrons and ions. Salient features as to the existence of sheaths are shown by solving the Sagdeev potential equation through the Runge–Kutta method, with appropriate consideration of adiabatically heated electrons and ions in the dynamical system. It has been shown that adiabatic heating of plasma sets a limit to the critical dust speed depending on the densities and Mach number, and it is believed that its role is very important to the sheath. One present problem is the contraction of the sheath region whereby dust grains levitated into the sheath lead to a crystallization similar to the formation of nebulons and are compressed to a larger chunk of the dust cloud by shrinking of the sheath. Our overall observations advance knowledge of sheath formation and are expected to be of interest in astroplasmas.     

Fully Implicit Iterative Solving Method for the Fokker-Planck Equation in Tokamak Plasmas

A three dimensional bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck (FP) numerical code has been newly developed based on fully implicit iterative solving method,and relativistic effect is also included in the code.The ...