床边B超定位在脐静脉置管术中的应用价值

目的 探讨床边B超定位在脐静脉置管术（UVC）中的应用价值。方法 选择2016年11月至2017年4月在安徽省立医院儿科新生儿病房行UVC的58例患儿,分析B超下导管末端位置与其对应X线检查位置情况,比较B超与X线检查定位导管末端位置、实际导管置入深度与预测深度的差异。结果 B超下导管末端位置位于心房及下腔静脉和右心房连接处（目标位置）时,其X线检查对应椎体范围分别是T5~T9和T7~T9。B超与X线检查定位导管末端位置结果进行比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.35,P=0.04）。导管实际置入深度与预测深度相比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 床边B超定位在新生儿UVC中,可直观引导及定位导管尖端位置,值得临床推广。     

In vitro activity of minocycline against Chlamydia trachomatis clinical isolates and clinical efficacy of minocycline to C. trachomatis associated nongonococcal urethritis

The in vitro activity of minocycline (MINO) against Chlamydia trachomatis and its efficacy in the treatment of C. trachomatis-associated nongonococcal urethritis were investigated. Six isolates of C. trachomatis were inhibited at 0.06 micrograms/ml of MINO and 5 isolates at 0.03 micrograms/ml. All cases received oral MINO twice daily for 7 or more days in doses of 100 mg. In 5 of 31 cases, 2 g of spectinomycin was intramuscularly administrated together with MINO only once. C. trachomatis was eliminated in all cases tested. Excellent results were obtained in 26 cases (84%); urethral discharge and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) disappeared or decreased to normal levels (3 cells/hpf or less) in these cases. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 8 cases, 7 of which became free of ureaplasmal infection. MINO seemed to be less effective on the decrease of PMN in the urethral smear in cases infected coincidentally with C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum than in cases infected with C. trachomatis alone. No subjective side effects were observed in any of the 31 cases studied. In conclusion, MINO was a useful antimicrobial agent for the treatment of C. trachomatis- and U. urealyticum-associated nongonococcal urethritis.     

Improved efficacy with nonsimultaneous administration of netilmicin and minocycline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in in vitro and in vivo models

The effect of combined administration of netilmicin and minocycline against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated by using in vitro and in vivo models. Thirty one isolates of MRSA were tested for sensitivity to netilmicin, minocycline, and combination of both by the chequer board method. We used then a dynamic in vitro system, which simulates in vivo serum kinetics, to assess the effect of various combination regimens of these antibiotics against an MRSA isolate with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.25. The following dose regimens were compared: netilmicin given alone; minocycline given alone; both antibiotics given simultaneously; netilmicin followed by minocycline at 2 h; or minocycline followed by netilmicin at 2 h. Netilmicin showed a stronger activity than minocycline. On the other hand, their combination was synergistic against 19% of isolates and additive against 77% of isolates. Against one isolate only, it was indifferent, and no antagonism was observed. In the auto-simulation system, the combination of antibiotics was generally more effective than single drugs, with the regimen netilmicin followed by minocycline at 2 h showing the highest antibacterial effect. In the mouse model of pulmonary infection, the bacterial counts and histopathological findings of the lungs improved by treatment with this regimen. This regimen led also to a significantly high survival rate of mice with systemic infection compared to the other treatment regimens. Therefore, it was concluded that administration of netilmicin followed by minocycline at 2 h may be an effective combination against MRSA infection.     

复方利福平微丸胶囊中利福平在犬体内的生物利用度研究

目的比较复方利福平微丸胶囊与普通四联制剂中主要成份利福平在犬体内的相对生物利用度。方法采用双周期随机交叉试验,单剂量给予犬复方利福平微丸胶囊与普通四联制剂,用HPLC法测定血浆中利福平的浓度,计算相对生物利用度。结果利福平微丸胶囊和普通四联制剂中利福平的Tmax为(4.67±0.52)和(3.33±0.82)h;Cmax为(42.76±8.65)和(37.80±9.10)mg/L;AUC0→24为(669.15±195.79)和(596.44±218.35)mg·h/L;F为(115.53±11.46)%。利福平微丸胶囊中的利福平Tmax大于普通四联制剂,经t检验P<0.01,表明利福平微丸胶囊中的利福平比普通四联制剂达峰慢。结论两种制剂中的利福平生物等效。     

利福平滴眼液含量测定方法的改进

对利福平滴眼液含量测定方法进行改进。色谱条件：采用C8柱，磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7．0)-乙腈(52：48)为流动相，柱温35℃，检测波长334nm。利福平与醌式利福平分离良好。利福平在40～200μg／ml范围内呈良好线性关系。含量测定结果与国家药品标准相符。方法简便可靠，重现性好。     

Monitoring safety of liposomes containing rifampicin on respiratory cell lines and in vitro efficacy against Mycobacterium bovis in alveolar macrophages

Rifampicin-encapsulated liposome suspensions were prepared by a chloroform-film method and converted to dry powders by freeze-drying with mannitol as a cryoprotectant. The liposome suspension had multilamellar nanovesicles with 50% rifampicin encapsulation. The liposome dry powder comprised particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.4?μm, with 60% present as a fine particle fraction. Rifampicin-encapsulated liposomes were evidently nontoxic to respiratory associated cells, including bronchial epithelial cells, small airway epithelial and alveolar macrophages (AMs). Furthermore, the liposomes did not activate AMs to produce interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide at a level that would cascade to other inflammatory effects. The minimum inhibitory concentrations against Mycobacterium bovis was 0.2 and 0.8?μM for liposomes containing rifampicin and free rifampicin, respectively. The less negatively charged reconstituted liposome displayed the greatest activity against intracellular growth of M. bovis.     

An in vitro test for the evaluation of the efficacy of disinfectants

The paper presents a method for the in vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants. It is a capacity test performed in hard water with or without horse serum. Some results are presented showing the ability of growth in disinfectant solution.     

Formulation and in vitro evaluation of rifampicin loaded porous microspheres

Rifampicin (RIF) is a major component in fixed dose combination therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis. RIF has low solubility and high permeability with high dose and hence it is classified as class II drug in Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). RIF has poor and variable bioavailability because of its poor solubility, acid decomposition and, drug and food interaction. The present investigation was aimed to develop RIF loaded porous microspheres as a controlled release dosage form. Eudragit based porous microspheres of RIF were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Prepared porous microspheres were evaluated for its entrapment efficacy, morphology, thermal behavior, crystalline nature, in-vitro drug release and stability in simulated gastric fluid. The entrapment efficacy of drug loaded microspheres was found to be in the range of 19.04a74.57%. Surface morphology revealed the porous and spherical structure of microspheres. Differential scanning calorimetric studies confirmed that formulation process altered the crystalline nature of RIF. In vitro drug release studies indicated that drug to polymer ratio of 2:1 showed more than 85% drug release over the period of 3 h. Stability studies in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) indicated that low relative decomposition of 18.5% was achieved with high drug to low polymer ratio of 1:4. The results obtained from the present investigation concluded that RIF loaded porous microspheres are suitable for developing oral controlled release dosage form of RIF that can prevent acid decomposition and provide better biopharmaceutical properties. Further more the microspheres can be evaluated for preventing the interaction with isoniazid, other drugs and foodstuffs.     

盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗牙周病的临床疗效

目的 探讨盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗牙周病的临床疗效.方法 100例牙周病患者为研究对象,依据药物治疗方案的不同分为对照组和实验组,每组50例.对照组采用碘甘油治疗,实验组采用盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗.比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,临床观察指标(牙周附着水平、菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙周袋探诊深度),不良反应发生情况.结果 实验组患者...     

米诺环素辅助治疗侵袭性牙周炎的疗效分析

目的 评价局部应用盐酸米诺环素软膏辅助治疗侵袭性牙周炎的临床疗效.方法 采用自身对照的方法,将38例侵袭性牙周炎患者的145颗牙全口洁治、根面平整后,以一侧患牙牙周袋应用盐酸米诺软膏为实验组,对侧同名患牙应用甲硝唑棒为对照组,每周上药1次.观察用药前、用药后第4、8周的临床症状变化,记录治疗前后的牙周袋深度(PD)、菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、附着丧失(AL)变化.结果 第4、第8周两组PD、PLI、SBI、AL均比用药前有显著改善(P<0.05);在实验组中,第8周PD、PLI、SBI、AL比第4周进一步改善(P<0.05),实验组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 盐酸米诺环素局部应用于侵袭性牙周炎优于甲硝唑.     

Carcinogenicity study of rifampicin in mice and rats

Rifampicin was administered in the drinking water to C3Hf and $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ mice at three dose levels (0.01, 0.03, and 0.06%) for 60 weeks and to Wistar rats at two dose levels (0.03 and 0.06%) for 104 weeks. After completion of the treatment period, C3Hf and $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ mice and the rats were observed until 114, 120, and 144 weeks of age, respectively. The treatment had no adverse effects on body growth and survival rate. Various types of tumors were observed in all groups. Statistically significant excesses of hepatomas were found in C3Hf female mice treated with rifampicin and in one control group of $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ male mice. Also an excess of Harderian gland tumors was observed in one control group of $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ male mice. No significant differences in tumor incidence were found among the rat groups.     

米诺环素联合多黏菌素B对鲍曼不动杆菌的体外抗菌活性研究

目的了解鲍曼不动杆菌（ABA）的产酶现状和耐药性及抗菌药物对ABA的体外抗菌活性,为临床治疗ABA提供合理用药的实验室依据。方法从临床感染标本中分离出75株鲍曼不动杆菌,均来自呼吸道标本。常规培养分离细菌,应用VITEK-2全自动细菌鉴定分析仪鉴定细菌。常规药敏试验采用K-B纸片法,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定采用琼脂平板倍比稀释法和E-test浓度梯度法,按CLSI规定的标准进行。结果75份标本中产金属β-内酰胺酶（MBLs）的菌株占96．00％,产诱导型AMPC酶的占29．33％,产质粒型AMPC酶的占41．33％。多黏菌素B（PLB）和米诺环素（MNO）对产MBLsABA、产诱导型AMPC酶ABA和产质粒型AMPC酶ABA的抑菌率分别是97．22％、100．00％、100．00％和19．43％、4．55％、6．45％。PLB和MNO联合对ABA的协同作用为57．33％。结论ABA的产酶率和耐药性越来越高,其引起的院内感染临床应高度重视。对多药耐药ABA导致的感染建议应用PLB或联合MNO（或替加环素）及舒巴坦治疗,以有效控制感染和防止耐药株在医院内感染的扩散。     

Bioequivalence study of rifampicin in fixed-dose combination of rifampicin and isoniazid vs. separate formulations

The benefits of fixed-dose combinations of antituberculosis agents are well recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) and preferred over separate formulations. Therefore, a comparative bioequivalence study of rifampicin and isoniazid together in a fixed-dose combination and separately (at the same dose levels) was performed on a group of 12 healthy subjects. The study was designed as a single-blind, crossover experiment. Nine blood samples were collected from each subject over a period of 24 h. The plasma concentrations of rifampicin were assessed by a method developed in this laboratory. Various pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin such as AUC, Cmax, Tmax and t1/2 were also calculated. The study demonstrates that a fixed-dose combination (test formulation) and separate formulations (standard formulations) are bioequivalent for rifampicin.     

Use of plastic catheters for the catheterization of the umbilical vein in newborn and premature infants]

The use of catheters for exchange transfusion in newborns for the treatment of hemolytic disease is discussed. Basing on over 5-years' clinical observation period it has been concluded that Polish catheter for exchange transfusion satisfactorily meets the demands.     

盐酸米诺环素联合奥硝唑治疗牙周炎的疗效观察

目的 分析牙周炎治疗要点,评价盐酸米诺环素与奥硝唑联合治疗的临床优势.方法 120例牙周炎患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例.对照组采用奥硝唑治疗,观察组采用奥硝唑+盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗.比较两组治疗效果以及治疗前后的炎症指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-C...