受轴向约束的钢筋混凝土T形简支梁耐火性能研究

本文建立钢筋混凝土T形约束梁耐火性能分析的有限元计算模型,将分析结果与已有试验进行对比,验证本文计算模型的正确性。同时,利用上述模型,考虑轴向约束的影响,研究高温下钢筋混凝土T形约束梁耐火极限、破坏形态、变形特点以及内力重分布现象。研究表明,轴向约束增加了约束梁的耐火极限;实际工程中轴向约束下框架梁的受火情况与简支梁、固接梁差别较大;无转动约束梁只有跨中出现塑性铰,而有转动约束梁的两端和跨中共出现3个塑性铰;轴向弹簧约束越大,承担的轴力比重越大,内力重分布现象越明显。     

具有端部约束的碳纤维布加固混凝土梁耐火性能试验研究

在ISO834标准升温条件下,开展了具有端部约束的7根碳纤维布加固混凝土梁和1根未加固混凝土梁的耐火性能试验,考察了梁端轴向和转动约束、防火涂料厚度、荷载比等参数对约束梁高温变形及内力的影响。试验结果表明:约束梁的轴向变形最大值随轴向约束刚度比和防火涂料厚度增大而减小,附加轴力最大值随轴向约束刚度比增加或防火涂料厚度减小而增大,梁端附加弯矩最大值随防火涂料厚度减小而增大,但防火涂料厚度在10~20mm范围内变化时影响幅度有限;降温后约束梁的附加轴力仅少量恢复,梁端附加弯矩却较大幅度回落;与非加固梁相比,加固梁的梁端附加弯矩最大值不仅数值更小,而且出现时刻明显偏晚。     

约束高强钢柱受火后轴压剩余承载力影响参数研究

利用经试验验证的ABAQUS有限元模型,对轴心压力作用下的轴向约束高强钢柱受火后的剩余承载性能进行了参数分析,考虑了过火温度、荷载比、轴向约束刚度比、长细比以及高强钢材强度等级等参数的影响。参数分析结果表明：当过火温度小于屈曲临界温度时,受火过程对轴向约束钢柱的轴压承载力没有影响;当过火温度大于屈曲临界温度时,钢柱的轴压剩余承载力会明显减小,且随着过火温度的升高,剩余承载力逐渐降低;轴向约束刚度比和长细比对约束钢柱的过火温度为屈曲临界温度时对应的轴压剩余承载力影响显著;荷载比对约束钢柱的过火温度为破坏临界温度时对应的轴压剩余承载力影响明显;高强钢材强度等级对约束钢柱受火后轴压承载力影响较小。根据参数分析所得数据及规律,提出了超500MPa高强钢轴向约束柱受火后轴压剩余承载力的简化计算方法,将计算结果与有限元分析结果对比,验证了该简化计算方法的可靠性。     

约束高强钢柱受火后轴压剩余承载力影响参数研究

利用经试验验证的ABAQUS有限元模型,对轴心压力作用下的轴向约束高强钢柱受火后的剩余承载性能进行了参数分析,考虑了过火温度、荷载比、轴向约束刚度比、长细比以及高强钢材强度等级等参数的影响。参数分析结果表明:当过火温度小于屈曲临界温度时,受火过程对轴向约束钢柱的轴压承载力没有影响;当过火温度大于屈曲临界温度时,钢柱的轴压剩余承载力会明显减小,且随着过火温度的升高,剩余承载力逐渐降低;轴向约束刚度比和长细比对约束钢柱的过火温度为屈曲临界温度时对应的轴压剩余承载力影响显著;荷载比对约束钢柱的过火温度为破坏临界温度时对应的轴压剩余承载力影响明显;高强钢材强度等级对约束钢柱受火后轴压承载力影响较小。根据参数分析所得数据及规律,提出了超500 MPa高强钢轴向约束柱受火后轴压剩余承载力的简化计算方法,将计算结果与有限元分析结果对比,验证了该简化计算方法的可靠性。     

受长度约束钢柱的耐火性研究

火灾下钢柱的性能取决于其与包覆结构的相互作用。为提高对该现象的认识,对受长度约束的钢柱进行了一系列耐火性试验。设计了新的试验方法,并采用该方法进行试验。试验柱的长细比分别为50.6和63.3,初始荷载分别为室温下钢柱屈曲荷载设计值的30%和70%,包覆结构轴向刚度分别为13,45,63.3kN/mm。初始荷载偏心度与截面的弱惯性轴或两个主惯性轴的长度相等。结果显示,包覆结构刚度增加并不能够降低柱的临界温度,这是由于轴向刚度增加导致扭转刚度增加,而扭转刚度增加将使得柱的临界温度升高。结果还指出,初始应力水平越高,柱的临界温度越低。     

轴向约束钢柱的抗火性能分析

应用ANSYS软件计算了钢柱在标准的升温模式下的温度场,然后利用ANSYS的耦合分析,将温度场导入结构分析中,分析了火灾下两端简支的轴心受压钢柱随温度升高时的力学性能并与理论计算结果进行了比较。对柱的轴向约束刚度以及荷载比对轴心受压柱受力性能的影响作了进一步的分析,阐述了轴向约束钢柱在火灾下的变形及轴向附加荷载的一些规律,可为钢柱的抗火设计提供一定的参考价值。     

国外期刊论文简介

Engineering Structures加热速率和边界约束对有蠕变的钢柱的抗火性能的影响Zhan-Fei Huang,Kang-Hai Tan,Seng-Kiong Ting(新加坡)该文对承受轴向荷载为主的热约束钢柱进行了一系列数值分析。研究的参数包括钢柱的长细比,轴向约束比,转动约束比以及轴向荷载利用系数。在热加载机制方面,采用了截面均布受热的形式,因为柱子通常是四面受火。应用程序FEM-FAN2D进行有限元分析,并明显地考虑了蠕变应变。以横截面应力和应变的发展解释了热约束钢柱的性能。另外,还研究了蠕变对于钢柱应力、应变、内力以及临界温度的影响。研究表明在某些…     

预应力轴压撑杆钢柱高温性能试验研究与数值分析

为研究预应力轴压撑杆钢柱的高温性能，进行了2根预应力撑杆钢柱高温试验。试验结果表明：拉索无防火措施时，其相对张力在初始升温阶段就迅速下降，直至完全松弛；预应力撑杆钢柱的轴向变形先由于热膨胀效应轴向伸长，而后在压力作用下轴向压缩；临界状态时，撑杆柱出现对称和反对称两种失稳形态。采用验证后的ANSYS有限元分析模型，考虑材料非线性、几何非线性和初始缺陷等，分析了荷载比、相对轴向刚度比和预应力比等3个关键参数对预应力撑杆柱高温性能的影响，得到了一系列拉索相对张力、侧向变形和轴向变形分别与时间的关系曲线。分析表明：预应力撑杆柱中拉索张力很快在高温下逐渐松弛，达到张力松弛所需时间主要受预应力比影响；预应力撑杆钢柱的侧向变形在升温初期缓慢增长，在失效前增长迅速；随着荷载比增大，预应力撑杆柱侧向变形和轴向变形越来越明显，且达到峰值所需时间不断缩短；预应力比对撑杆钢柱失效临界温度影响较小，但对预应力撑杆柱的破坏形态有较大影响。     

高温蠕变对冷弯薄壁型钢柱抗火性能的影响

钢材高温蠕变是钢材在高温和应力作用下的塑性应变.高温蠕变会导致钢柱变形增大,耐火极限降低.为了考察高温蠕变对冷弯薄壁型钢柱抗火性能的影响程度,建立了考虑高温蠕变的抗火分析有限元模型,通过试验结果对有限元模型进行验证.利用模型研究了在不同荷载比、轴向约束刚度比、升温速率和火灾场景下,高温蠕变对冷弯薄壁型钢柱抗火性能的影响.研究表明,在有限元模型中考虑蠕变因素后,对于钢柱抗火性能的预测更为准确,更符合真实情况;在中等升温速率的火灾场景中,荷载比为0.3左右的无轴向约束钢柱因高温蠕变而引起的耐火极限的降低最为显著.     

火灾下轴心受压H型截面约束钢柱整体稳定设计

利用验证的有限元模型分析了轴向约束刚度比、轴力荷载比和钢柱长细比对火灾下轴心受压H形截面约束钢柱屈曲温度和破坏温度的影响,给出了其屈曲温度和破坏温度的计算方法。轴向约束刚度比对约束钢柱屈曲温度和破坏温度的影响可用指数函数表示,轴力荷载比和钢柱长细比对约束钢柱屈曲温度和破坏温度的影响可用多项式表示。采用有限元方法对计算公式进行了验证,设计公式计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合较好,且设计公式给出偏于安全的结果。     

防火涂料破损对钢构件温度分布的影响

采用有限元数值分析得出了防火涂料局部破损后钢构件的温度分布规律,提出了临界破损长度的概念。分析了柱长、防火涂料厚度、截面形状系数,以及标准火灾升温时间对防火涂料局部破损后钢构件温度分布的影响。给出了破损长度和其影响区域内温度分布的计算公式,可供结构抗火性能分析和设计参考。     

Fire-resistance study of restrained steel columns with partial damage to fire protection

In order to analyze the behavior of steel columns in fire with partial damage of fire protection, an analytical model is presented based on the differential equation of equilibrium, which may be used to predict the ultimate load bearing capacity of steel columns fixed at two ends and to predict the critical temperature of axially restrained steel columns. The imperfection of initial flexure of steel columns is taken into account in the model. The yielding of the edge fiber at the mid-span of a column subjected to elevated temperature is taken as the failure criteria for the fire resistance of the column. A numerical application is carried out to demonstrate the effect of the damage of fire protection on the ultimate load bearing capacity and axial force increase of axially restrained steel column in fire. Comparing with FEM, the model proposed in the paper has been validated and good agreement has been found.     

H型截面钢柱抗火性能的试验研究

对2根H型截面钢柱进行了火灾行为的试验研究。采用足尺试验形式,柱长3 300mm,钢柱在试验过程中限制轴向变形。通过试验,得出了钢柱在火灾下的侧向变形和轴向约束力情况。试验表明,限制轴向变形对钢柱火灾行为产生明显的影响,二次受火钢柱极限温度明显降低。为今后钢结构火灾行为研究提供依据。     

考虑蠕变和残余应力释放的Q460钢柱抗火设计方法

承受荷载的钢结构在火灾下可发生明显的蠕变变形,钢结构中的焊接残余应力在火灾下也会一定程度地释放,因而高温蠕变变形和残余应力会对钢柱的耐火性能产生影响.为了准确地对高强度Q460钢柱进行抗火设计,有必要定量分析高温蠕变和残余应力释放对钢柱承载力的影响.采用电炉对2根焊接H形Q460钢柱进行耐火试验,得到无保护Q460钢柱...     

截面温度不均匀受约束钢柱抗火性能试验研究与有限元分析

截面温度不均匀钢柱火灾下将发生热弯曲及扭转屈曲破坏,同时对热变形的约束导致钢柱内在升温阶段产生附加压力,在降温阶段出现附加拉力。分别考虑3种约束刚度比和3种截面温度分布形式,进行了9根受约束钢柱的抗火试验,量测了受约束钢柱达到最大轴力时的温度（屈曲温度）、轴力恢复至初始荷载对应的温度（临界温度）及破坏温度,研究其在火灾升温和降温阶段的受力性能、破坏特征。试验结果表明,截面温度不均匀导致钢柱在绕截面对称轴弯曲时同时发生扭转;约束刚度比越大,钢柱的屈曲温度越低,破坏温度与屈曲温度之差越大;截面温差越大,钢柱屈曲温度和破坏温度越高。同时对试验钢柱进行了有限元分析,分析结果与试验结果基本一致,验证了所建立的有限元分析模型的正确性。     

Behavior of steel columns in a fire with partial damage to fire protection

An experimental study is performed on two specimens in a furnace to investigate the fire behaviour of steel columns with partial loss of fire protection. The steel columns are connected by flush end-plates at two ends and the axial load is kept constant with a load ratio of 0.55 subjected to an elevation of temperature. The specimens are protected with 20 mm thickness of fire protection. The damaged length of fire protection is 7% of the complete length of the column for specimen S-1 and 14% for S-2 at the two ends of the steel columns. The temperature of atmosphere around the specimens in the furnace is assumed to follow the ISO834 standard temperature and the temperatures and displacements are measured in the experiment. The temperature distribution along the steel column is modelled by finite element analysis and compared with the measured results. A continuum model is presented to predict the ultimate load capacity or critical temperature of the columns with fire protection damage. Analyses are carried out on the specimens and compared with the experiment. Experimental and analytical results showed that the fire resistance of steel columns with partial damage to the fire protection is reduced. The damage length of the fire protection has a great effect on the fire resistance of steel columns. The failure of the specimens mainly resulted from the buckling or yielding at the portion where the fire protection is damaged.     

Behaviour and design of restrained steel column in fire,Part 1: Fire test

This is the first of the three companion papers dealing with the restrained steel column behaviours in fire. This paper reports the results of two new fire tests on axially and rotationally restrained steel columns that have different axial restraint stiffness. Axial and rotational restraints were applied by a restraint beam. The external applied axial load was kept constant during the fire test. The increase and decrease in axial force in the restrained steel column was borne by the restraint beam. Test results included the temperature, the axial displacement and the lateral deflection of the test column. It was found that the axial restraint reduced the buckling temperature of a restrained column. The effects of axial restraint to the failure temperature depended on the load ratio and the axial restraint stiffness ratio. A Finite Element Method (FEM) model was built to simulate the fire test. The damping factor fitting for simulating behaviours of restrained steel column in fire was selected through parametric analysis. The validated FEM model was used to perform parametric studies on the behaviour of restrained steel column in Part 2, results of which were used to develop a practical design method for restrained steel column in fire in Part 3.     

Fire performance of axially restrained steel reinforcedconcrete columns

为了考察受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的耐火性能，以荷载比、偏心率和含钢率为参数，开展了7根轴向约束型钢混凝土柱的耐火试验。采用恒载升温模式，研究了火灾下受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的温度分布、位移、变形、耐火极限及破坏形态。试验结果表明：荷载比相同时，施加在轴心受压柱顶的竖向荷载大于偏心受压柱。对于轴心受压柱，高温下柱首先缓慢膨胀，然后逐渐压缩破坏；由于轴向约束分担了柱的竖向荷载，压缩变形随时间变化较为缓和，轴向约束延长了柱的耐火极限。对于偏心受压柱，高温下其膨胀变形大于轴心受压柱，且膨胀变形先增加再减小；轴向约束增加了柱的竖向荷载，缩短了柱的耐火极限。荷载比对轴向约束型钢混凝土柱耐火极限影响显著，荷载比越大，耐火极限越小。当荷载比不大于0.5时，偏心率越大，柱的耐火极限会相应增大。含钢率增加，会在一定程度上延长柱的耐火极限。     

轴向约束型钢混凝土柱耐火性能试验研究

为了考察受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的耐火性能,以荷载比、偏心率和含钢率为参数,开展了7根轴向约束型钢混凝土柱的耐火试验。采用恒载升温模式,研究了火灾下受轴向约束的型钢混凝土柱的温度分布、位移、变形、耐火极限及破坏形态。试验结果表明：荷载比相同时,施加在轴心受压柱顶的竖向荷载大于偏心受压柱。对于轴心受压柱,高温下柱首先缓慢膨胀,然后逐渐压缩破坏;由于轴向约束分担了柱的竖向荷载,压缩变形随时间变化较为缓和,轴向约束延长了柱的耐火极限。对于偏心受压柱,高温下其膨胀变形大于轴心受压柱,且膨胀变形先增加再减小;轴向约束增加了柱的竖向荷载,缩短了柱的耐火极限。荷载比对轴向约束型钢混凝土柱耐火极限影响显著,荷载比越大,耐火极限越小。当荷载比不大于0.5时,偏心率越大,柱的耐火极限会相应增大。含钢率增加,会在一定程度上延长柱的耐火极限。     

Modelling of axial restraints for limiting temperature calculation of steel members in fire

At ambient temperature, design actions calculated for a beam under lateral loading may remain unchanged irrespective of whether axial restraints at the beam’s ends are present or not. However, at elevated temperatures, axial restraints may induce significantly different design actions from those calculated at ambient temperature, mainly due to thermal restraining reactions. As a result, the limiting temperature may be reduced. In this paper, a method is presented for limiting temperature calculation of steel beams in fire in multi-storey buildings. The method takes into account the fact that the axial force generated in a steel beam in fire by axial restraints may increase to such a magnitude that the strength criterion, in terms of axial-bending interaction, may be breached. In addition, it has been recognised that the degree of axial restraints provided at the ends of a steel beam varies, depending on the axial restraint stiffness provided by neighbouring members. A simple technique to model the axial restraints provided to a steel beam by neighbouring members and the procedure for its limiting temperature calculation in a multi-bay situation in a building will be presented. The approach caters for different end conditions of the columns below and above the beam under consideration. Catenary action due to large deflection effect for beams in fire will also be discussed.