焊接热循环对ASTM4130钢热影响区组织及韧性影响

采用金相、扫描电镜(SEM)和焊接热模拟方法,研究了不同峰值温度和焊接线能量对ASTM4130钢焊接热影响区(HAZ)显微组织、冲击韧性和断口形貌的影响.结果表明,ASTM4130钢热影响区除回火软化区外均发生脆化现象.当峰值温度为1200 ℃和1350℃时,由于晶粒粗大,且产生了贝氏体、未回火马氏体和M-A组元等非平衡组织,其冲击韧性损失达母材的94.5%,脆化现象最严重.当峰值温度为950℃,冲击韧性较低的原因是该区产生了未回火马氏体和块状铁素体.当峰值温度为800℃时,晶界附近碳化物聚集和不均匀分布,以及块状铁素体的存在,造成该区发生脆化.焊态下焊接线能量对ASTM4130钢粗晶区的冲击韧性影响较小.     

焊接热循环峰值温度对ASTM4130钢热影响区组织和性能的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对ASTM4130钢进行不同热循环峰值温度下的焊接热模拟试验,并对其组织、冲击韧性和硬度进行了分析和测试。结果表明:峰值温度超过固态相变点的热影响区性能恶化,组织以粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体和针状马氏体为主,其中粗晶区韧性最差。而粗晶区经过640℃焊后回火1.5 h,韧性得到改善,硬度下降。     

ASTM4130钢再热粗晶热影响区组织及韧性分析

采用金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜和焊接热模拟方法,研究了二次热循环对ASTM4130钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)显微组织、冲击韧性和断口形貌的影响.结果表明,再热粗晶热影响区低温冲击韧性均低于母材,发生热影响区整体脆化.临界粗晶区(IRCGHAZ)冲击吸收功损失分别为母材和CGHAZ的96.6%和37.9%,脆化现象最...     

焊后热处理对DQTHT80钢热影响区断裂韧性的影响

研究了直接淬火回火调质钢ＤＱＴＨＴ８０多层焊热影响我的ＣＴＯＤ断裂韧性。焊态和焊后热处理状态下的试验结果表明：焊态下热影响区断裂韧性高于焊后热处理态。焊后热处理降低了该钢热影响区的断裂韧性。焊态下断口韧窝状,而焊后热处理断口叶解理状。模拟焊接热影响区粗晶区试验结果进一步证实了焊后热处理对韧性的不利影响。     

ASTM 4130钢焊缝金属微观组织研究

分析了ASTM 4130钢多层多道焊接头焊缝金属的组织特点和形成原因 结果表明,焊接接头的宏观形貌呈现铸造粗大组织形态.焊缝柱状晶沿最大温度梯度方向长大,后焊层对前焊层的热处理可以细化晶粒,获得细小的等轴晶,改善了焊缝的力学性能.焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体、先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体,在铁素体周围有碳化物析出,在相邻焊层之间有细晶和柱状晶出现.     

焊后热处理对T23钢热影响粗晶区微观组织的影响

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机和热处理炉对T23钢进行了焊接热模拟和焊后热处理试验,并运用金相、硬度、扫描电镜试验,研究了不同的焊后热处理温度对T23钢热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)微观组织的影响.结果表明,焊态热模拟CGHAZ组织类型主要是板条马氏体和贝氏体的混合组织,具有很高的硬度.随着热处理温度的提高,CGHAZ晶粒趋于细化,硬度逐渐降低.但在700℃下,晶界出现了微孔洞和含W碳化物,硬度剧烈升高,应避免在此温度进行热处理.最后确定T23钢合理的焊后热处理为750℃×2h,可以获得良好的强韧性匹配.     

焊后热处理对10Ni5CrMoV钢热影响区低温冲击韧性的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术及冲击试验方法,研究了焊后热处理工艺参数对10Ni5CrMoV钢热影响区(HAZ)的组织与低温(-50 ℃)冲击韧性的影响规律.试验结果表明,粗晶区是HAZ各特征区中冲击韧性最低的区域,但是经过620 ℃×1.5 h焊后热处理后,HAZ粗晶区冲击韧性最高.     

焊接及焊后热处理对双相钢组织和性能的影响

研究了焊接及焊后热处理对双相钢板组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,焊接时的高温作用使焊缝和周围的组织发生了变化,分析了几组焊接试样的金相组织。对试样进行显微硬度测量发现,焊缝处的显微硬度值最高,热影响区的硬度有一个最低值。随着临界区淬火温度的上升,硬度值有相应的升高,焊接后的回火热处理使显微硬度值下降,回火温度越高,硬度值下降越多。拉伸试验结果表明,与双相处理相比试样焊接后的Rm、Rpo、2以及A值明显下降,焊后回火热处理使Rm和Rpo．2值下降,而γ,n,A值有所升高。     

焊后热处理对31CrMoV9钢电子束焊接接头组织及性能的影响

研究了31CrMoV9钢电子束焊接接头在焊后去应力退火、焊后调质两种不同焊后热处理状态下的焊缝组织与性能,并与同等强度等级下的母材组织与性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,接头焊后组织为板条马氏体及少量残留奥氏体;焊缝经调质处理后,组织为相对均匀的回火索氏体,接头力学性能与母材相当,相比于焊后去应力退火处理,焊缝冲击性能大幅提高。两种类型的焊后热处理均未消除焊缝柱状枝晶等凝固组织形态,但焊后调质工艺可减轻焊缝柱状枝晶组织偏析,并使之细化,使得焊缝与母材的组织与硬度更加均匀;焊后经多次重复淬火,焊缝经检测均未见裂纹,说明焊后采用调质工艺可行,这为提高焊缝冲击性能提供了可行工艺路线。     

焊后热处理对P92钢焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学金相显微镜和力学性能测试等方法,研究了电阻履带式和中频感应两种不同的焊后热处理方法对P92钢焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:中频感应处理下的焊缝组织较为细小,马氏体板条界面变得更加模糊;焊接接头各层母材、热影响区及焊缝硬度值分布均匀,内、中和外层的硬度差值较小;焊缝及热影响区冲击吸收能量沿壁厚方向分布较为均匀,且均高于P92母材标准要求值。因而,中频感应加热法不仅可以很好地改善焊缝组织,而且在壁厚方向上,可以使焊缝韧性等力学性能更加均匀。      

Effect of groove shapes on mechanical properties of welded joints of ASTM4130 steel

The 30 mm thick ASTM4130 steel pipe was fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding under quenched and tempered conditions.Whereafier,the mechanical properties of welded joints of both V groove and combination double V groove were measured,while the microstructure feature and fracture morphology of both welded joints were investigated.Moreover,the effect of groove shapes on the properties of welded joints was explored.The results show that the welding efficiency of the combination double V groove joint is as two times as that of the V groove joint.But the hardness and toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) with combination double V groove can not satisfy the requirements.Also,the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of the cap layer is mainly composed of granular bainite,tempered manensite and a small amount of carbon-free bainite,and the fractured surface of the fusion line is entirely dominated by the quasi-cleavage mode.That the mechanical properties of the combination double V groove are lower than that of the V groove lie in the penetration ratio,welding heat input,and the areas and distribution feature of brittle zones.The combination double V groove is not suitable for the fabricating of ASTM4130 steel.     

焊后热处理对铝合金/镀锌钢接头组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊方法并添加AlSi_5焊丝,对1.5 mm厚的5A06铝合金和3 mm厚的镀锌Q235钢进行焊接。分析了焊后退火热处理对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,热处理条件为280℃保温30 min。研究结果表明,采用TIG熔-钎焊的方法可以实现铝/钢异种金属的焊接,铝/钢界面处会产生金属间化合物层,焊态接头中金属间化合物层的厚度为4～5μm,化合物层主要由Al_8Fe_2Si相和少量的[Al,Fe,Si],Al13Fe4相组成,接头的抗拉强度值为163 MPa,断裂发生在焊缝处。对接头进行退火热处理后,接头中金属间化合物层的厚度增加到9～10μm,化合物层的组织无明显变化,主要由Al_8Fe_2Si相和少量的[Al,Fe,Si],Al₁₃Fe_4相组成,接头的抗拉强度值达到185 MPa,断裂发生在铝母材侧。     

后热处理对激光焊接7075铝合金显微组织与力学性能影响

采用激光自熔焊接技术制备7075高强铝合金接头,研究了后热处理对接头显微组织与拉伸性能的影响. 采用SEM与EBSD系统表征了后热处理对7075Al接头显微组织演变与拉伸断裂行为的影响. 结果表明,焊缝中心到母材依次存在等轴晶区域、柱状晶区域、胞状晶区域与母材轧制态区域,并且胞状晶区域与等轴晶区域为接头薄弱区域. 与未后热处理接头相比,后热处理接头平均抗拉强度达到475 MPa,同比提升约59%. 后热处理构筑的纳米沉淀相触发了第二相强化机制,这是提升接头抗拉强度的主要因素.     

焊后处理对45钢基体模具堆焊层组织及力学性能的影响

在45钢基体上进行了堆焊试验,并将堆焊后的试样分别进行了直接空冷和焊后回火处理,研究了这两种焊层的显微组织、硬度以及耐磨性能.试验研究结果表明:堆焊后空冷试样的显微组织为粗大的板条状马氏体和大量残留奥氏体;堆焊后进行500～550℃回火处理,试样焊层的显微组织主要是细小托氏体和少量残留奥氏体.堆焊后回火处理试样的硬度比直接空冷试样的硬度低10％,邻近熔合区的基体硬度有所提高,熔合区硬度梯度减小,有利于改善堆焊层的韧性;焊后回火处理的试样的耐磨性比直接空冷试样的耐磨性提高35％.     

热处理工艺对TRIP钢组织与力学性能的影响

在实验室利用Multipas多功能连续退火模拟器,对低碳冷轧TRIP钢进行了研究,探讨了退火温度与贝氏体等温温度对600 MPa冷轧TRIP钢组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果显示：当贝氏体等温温度相同时,随着退火温度的升高,组织中铁素体与贝氏体块尺寸减小,且贝氏体转变的鼻尖温度向较高温度移动。780 ℃退火时,随着等温温度的升高,屈服强度、伸长率与屈强比呈现下降趋势,而抗拉强度呈上升趋势;800 ℃与820 ℃退火时,随着等温温度的升高,屈服强度、伸长率与屈强比先上升后下降,而抗拉强度先下降后上升。在相同贝氏体区等温温度下,780 ℃退火时的屈服强度与屈强比最小,而抗拉强度最高;800 ℃退火时的强塑积与综合力学性能最好。     

Effects of post-weld heat treatments on the residual stress and mechanical properties of electron beam welded sae 4130 steel plates

The distribution of the residual stresses of electron beam welded SAE 4130 and the effect of stress relief after various post- weld heat treatments (PWHT) were measured using X- ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and microstructure were also examined. Experimental results show that the tensile residual stress increased with the heat input of the electron beam. Most of the residual stresses were relieved by the PWHT at 530 °C for 2 h followed by furnace cooling to 50 °C. The strength of the welds decreased slightly, and the elongation of the welds increased after PWHT.     

焊后热处理对手工自蔓延焊接接头组织性能的影响

研究了不同的焊后热处理温度对手工自蔓延焊接接头组织形态的影响,以及由此引起的力学性能的变化.试验发现当退火温度大于300℃时能够达到元素的扩散激活能,随着温度的升高焊接接头的抗拉强度增加,冲击韧性增强,母材和焊缝合金在靠近熔合线处的显微硬度差距减小,熔合区组织更加均匀.通过对元素EDS能谱线扫描发现主要元素在熔合区的浓度由热处理前的突变转变为梯度过渡的形式,提高了熔合区的连接强度.     

Effect of post-weld heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded flow formed maraging steel weldment

Abstract

Seamless tubing of C-250 maraging steel manufactured by the flow forming technique was joined by the electron beam welding process. Various post-welding heat treatments were conducted to improve the overall mechanical properties of the welded tubing. For the 480°C/6 h/air cooling post-weld aging treated maraging steel, a significant increment of 11% reversion austenite was present in the weld metal. Only the tensile strength of this aging treated metal met the required specification while its percentage elongation reached only 50% of the specification, attaining only 35% of the strength of the parent metal. For the post-welded solution + aging treated maraging steel, only the yield strength met the specification. Moreover, a significant amount of reversion austenite pools was also present at the grain boundaries of the material located at the weld metal. Although the homogenisation treatment could improve the hardness of the weld metal, it failed to have the tensile strength of the steel met the specification.     

The influence of thermomechanical treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aisi 4130 steel

Ultra high strength AISI 4130 Steel samples were submitted to various rolling schedules in order to find the rolling conditions leading to the optimum combination of strength and toughness. Reheating temperatures between 900 to 1230°C and reductions between 15 to 90% were employed. Rolling temperatures above Ar3 and also between 620 and 700°C were used and in some experiments annealing was applied to the samples. The influence of the above parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples was studied by measuring the variation of their hardness, tensile and impact properties as well as using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that by a judicious control of reheat temperature, percent deformation, interpass time, finish rolling and annealing temperatures it is possible to obtain fine ferrite and nodular colonies of pearlite with small interlammelar spacing. The results are discussed in the frame work of classical nucleation theory and the possible mechanisms which may be responsible for the observed behavior are proposed.