不同品种小麦中戊聚糖含量的初步研究

戊聚糖是影响小麦营养品质和加工品质的重要因素.对长江中下游麦区和黄淮麦区61个小麦品种的水溶性戊聚糖、非水溶性戊聚糖和总戊聚糖含量进行了分析.结果表明,不同品种间三种戊聚糖含量均存在较大差异;水溶性、非水溶性和总戊聚糖含量的变动范围分别为0.61%～1.74%、3.77%～4.34%和4.38%～6.08%.不同硬度类型小麦品种间水溶性和非水溶性戊聚糖含量存在显著差异,而总戊聚糖含量差异不显著.     

不同小麦品种籽粒中LOX活性及基因型和环境互作分析

选用了安徽省淮南片小麦区试5个生态点的10个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,测定其全麦粉脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性。研究了基因型、环境及基因型×环境互作对小麦LOX活性的影响。结果表明,全麦粉LOX活性的变幅为4.27~8.94 nkat.g-1,平均值为6.61 nkat.g-1,LOX活性的基因型和环境差异均达到极显著,基因型效应大于环境及基因型与环境互作效应。同时,选用皖麦48等10个小麦品种(系)为试材,测定其LOX活性等9个品质性状,分析了小麦籽粒LOX活性与若干品质性状的关系。结果表明,全麦粉LOX活性与小麦粉LOX活性呈极显著正相关,与水溶性戊聚糖含量呈显著正相关,小麦粉LOX活性与水溶性戊聚糖含量和总戊聚糖含量呈显著正相关。讨论了脂肪氧化酶在小麦品质改良中的利用等问题。     

小麦籽粒戊聚糖组分及其与籽粒碱提取液黏度关系的研究

以20个小麦品种为材料,研究了同一生态环境下,籽粒戊聚糖主要组分阿拉伯糖和木糖的含量,分析了戊聚糖组分与含量和籽粒碱提取液黏度之间的相互关系。结果表明:小麦籽粒水溶与水不溶戊聚糖及总戊聚糖含量分别为1.105%、3.412%和4.517%。水溶与水不溶戊聚糖中阿拉伯糖与木糖比值分别为0.550和0.677,且二者之间存在极显著的正相关关系。在戊聚糖组成中,木糖含量和阿拉伯糖含量呈极显著正相关关系,木糖含量对戊聚糖含量的贡献作用大于阿拉伯糖,水不溶戊聚糖含量对总戊聚糖含量的贡献作用大于水溶戊聚糖。对戊聚糖组分与籽粒碱提取液黏度进行通径分析和相关分析,水溶戊聚糖中的阿拉伯糖含量是影响黏度的主要因素,其与黏度之间的正相关关系是稳定存在的。     

小麦品种（系）的遗传变异及其籽粒性状与出粉率的关系

以来源于不同年度、不同麦区的227个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,分析研究小麦出粉率的遗传变异和分布特点及其与籽粒硬度和蛋白质含量的相关性.结果表明,227个小麦品种(系)出粉率平均为64.74％,变幅为50.15％～72.65％,变异系数为6.56％;年度间出粉率呈极显著正相关(r=0.337**),说明出粉率主要受基因控制;将参试材料按原产地及麦区分别归类分析得出,来源于北方冬麦区小麦品种(系)的出粉率最高,平均为67.15％,显著高于其他麦区(P＜0.05),来源于西南冬麦区小麦品种(系)的出粉率最低,平均为61.74％,显著低于其他麦区(P＜0.05),来源于黄淮冬麦区、长江中下游冬麦区的品种(系)和国外引进品种间出粉率差异不显著.相关分析结果表明,小麦出粉率与籽粒硬度间存在极显著正相关(r=0.419**),与籽粒蛋白质含量呈负相关,但不显著(r=-0.063).     

不同来源小麦麸皮营养成分及酚类物质含量的比较

本文收集国内9个小麦主产省12个小麦麸皮样品,对蛋白质、总淀粉、脂肪、膳食纤维和戊聚糖,及不同形态酚类物质(游离型、可溶共价结合型、束缚型)等组分含量进行测定,采用数学统计方法对样品间组分差异和各组分相关性进行统计分析。结果表明:麸皮三大主要营养成分总膳食纤维、蛋白、总淀粉平均含量分别为47.30、19.85和16.90%,总淀粉和膳食纤维变幅较大,变异系数(CV)分别达到19.94和8.75%,蛋白变幅较小,CV值仅为3.16%,戊聚糖作为麸皮中主要膳食纤维,平均含量达到31.57%;总酚含量4470.37~5521.30μg GAE/g,73.9~79.1%为束缚型酚酸;束缚型阿魏酸在单体酚中占主导地位,含量高达2677.4~3401.8μg/g;,以下组分间存在极显著相关性(p0.01),其中膳食纤维及碱解束缚型酚酸(BBPA)与总淀粉呈极显著负相关,戊聚糖及BBPA与膳食纤维极显著正相关,戊聚糖与BBPA极显著正相关,酸解束缚型酚酸(ABPA)与总酚极显著正相关。     

不同品种小麦戊聚糖降解作用机理研究

选取4个代表性小麦品种,以黑曲霉C2–56菌株产木聚糖酶为材料,研究木聚糖酶对不同小麦品种籽粒戊聚糖降解的影响。随机分组、重复设计,测定酶解前后戊聚糖含量,对数据进行统计学处理。木聚糖酶降解不同小麦品种戊聚糖的差异不显著,为合理利用小麦资源、开展专用小麦育种等方面提供理论参考。     

地衣酚-盐酸测定小麦中戊聚糖含量的研究

对2002-2003年华北地区具有代表性的8个小麦品种的戊聚糖进行了测定.不同品种小麦中戊聚糖的平均含量变化范围为6%～9%.不同生态条件下小麦中戊聚糖含量均有很大差异.采用地衣酚-盐酸法测定小麦中戊聚糖的含量,为小麦更好地用作畜禽饲料提供理论依据.     

小麦细胞壁结构的地理差异及水分调控作用

为了探讨小麦糊粉层细胞的细胞壁结构在不同产地的地理差异,以8个不同产区的小麦品种为研究对象,研究了小麦籽粒中糊粉层细胞壁厚度及其组分(阿拉伯木聚糖和β-葡聚糖)的含量和小麦籽粒体内水分子移动性。通过相关性分析和主成分分析研究了不同参数之间的相互关系,结果表明:在8个不同产区中,小麦籽粒糊粉层细胞壁厚度及其组分含量差异显著;小麦籽粒糊粉层细胞壁厚度与籽粒总阿拉伯木聚糖(Total arabinoxylan,TAX)含量呈极显著正相关性(r=0.931,P0.01),可通过测量TAX含量来比较小麦籽粒糊粉层细胞壁厚度;小麦籽粒糊粉层细胞壁厚度和TAX含量与海拔呈显著正相关(r=0.839,P0.01)。通过低场核磁共振分析发现糊粉层细胞壁结构对籽粒内的水分有一定的调控作用:在75%相对湿度下,糊粉层细胞壁越厚的小麦籽粒吸水量越少。     

安徽省33个小麦品种烘焙品质研究

为给安徽省种植小麦品种的品质利用提供参考,以2016年安徽省小麦产业体系收获的33个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,检测其籽粒品质、面团特性、面包烘焙品质、面粉白度、脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性和类胡萝卜素含量等。结果表明,33个供试品种(系)间的籽粒品质、烘焙品质、白度、LOX活性等品质性状品种间差异均达极显著;面包表皮质地和形状与LOX活性及b值呈显著正相关;面包芯色泽与面团的稳定时间呈极显著正相关,与弱化度呈显著负相关;平滑度与a值、b值和LOX活性呈显著正相关,与L值及白度呈极显著负相关;纹理结构与b值呈显著正相关;面包总分与面团稳定时间呈显著正相关。本研究在安徽省种植小麦品种中筛选出扬麦23、涡麦182、周麦28、安科157和宿4095等面包评分较高的小麦品种。讨论了安徽种植小麦品种的品质性状及其利用等问题。     

河套地区不同品种小麦品质特性研究

以在河套地区种植的10个不同麦区主推的小麦品种为研究对象，探究小麦籽粒、小麦粉和面团基本特性。结果表明：其中有4个品种的6项指标都达到我国小麦品种品质分类标准中强筋小麦品种要求。小麦籽粒的面筋含量、沉降值与小麦粉的蛋白质含量、水分含量、形成时间、稳定时间、粉质指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、形变能量与小麦粉的湿面筋含量、水分含量、形成时间、最大拉伸阻力、能量、最大拉伸比呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。根据方差累计贡献率提取出4个主成分可以反映原变量92.899%的小麦品质特性综合信息，可为河套地区优质小麦品种的筛选、培育及不同品种小麦的深加工提供参考。     

小麦麸皮中戊聚糖的纯化分级及组成分析

用乙醇逐步沉淀和离子交换柱层析方法对麸皮中制备的水溶戊聚糖(WSP)和水不溶戊聚糖 (AEP)进行分级纯化 ,并对各组分的组成进行了分析 .结果表明 ,用乙醇逐步沉淀时 ,随着乙醇体积分数的增加 ,所得分级组分具有较高的分支 ;用离子交换柱层析时 ,WSP可分级为 2个组分 ,AEP可分级为 3个组分 ,并且用NaCl较H2 O洗脱的组分具有较高的分支和较高的相对分子质量     

Enzyme activities,dietary fibre components and rheological properties of wholemeal flours from rye cultivars grown in Finland

Total and soluble dietary fibre, total and soluble pentosan and β‐glucan contents, activities of α‐amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and endo‐β‐xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and viscous properties of aqueous suspensions of wholemeal flours during heating were determined in nine winter rye cultivars (Secale cereale L) grown in Finland in 1998–2001. There was marked annual and varietal differences in grain quality. In the rainy summer 1998 the yield was low, grains were small and dietary fibre content of the grains was high. Xylanase activity of the grains was high, which corresponded to the high content of soluble pentosans. In the dry summer of 1999, the pentosan content of the grains was low and β‐glucan content high. The effect of weather conditions and cultivar were also apparent in the differences in falling numbers, amylogram and swelling curve results. The two hybrid rye cultivars Esprit and Picasso had consistently highest falling numbers and amylogram peak viscosities. The activities of α‐amylase and xylanase had a moderate positive correlation with total pentosan content and the content of soluble pentosan. Xylanase activity had better correlation with the viscous properties of flour–water suspensions than α‐amylase. Surprisingly, α‐amylase activity had only a moderate negative correlation with falling number. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of Pentosanase and Oxidases on Water-extractable Pentosans during a Straight Breadmaking Process

ABSTRACT: Effects of flour type and enzymes on total pentosans (TP) and water‐soluble pentosans (WSP) and composition of isolated water‐extractable pentosans (WEP) during a straight breadmaking process were investigated. Two wheat flours (F1, F2) and 3 enzymes (pentosanase, glucose‐oxidase (GOX) and lacasse (LAC)), and their combinations were used. The presence of pentosanase increased the WSP content while oxidases produced a decrease. Extractability of pentosans was greater for dough than for bread but the latter had higher purity. Major sugars were xylose (Xyl) and arabinose (Ara) with a xylose/arabinose ratio between 1.00 and 1.56. Molecular weight profiles (MWP) of WEP comprised 5 fractions with the same distribution for the 2 flours but different relative proportions.     

A Rheological Study of Wheat Starch-Water-soluble Pentosan Mixtures Under Hydrothermal Gelling Conditions

ABSTRACT: Heterogeneous water-soluble pentosans (WSP) were extracted from 2 different wheat flours. The dynamic rheological behavior of starch-WSP mixtures was investigated to elucidate the effect of WSP on starch gelatinization and quenching the starch gels. In general, WSP had a detrimental effect on starch gelation. The decrease of water availability due to WSP may explain the observed higher onset temperature for starch gelatinization. However, the observed changes in rheological behavior during cooling and aging, and the more pronounced effects observed at excess water, suggest dependence on the WSP source and that WSP may have a more specific interacting effect with the amylose and/or amylopectin which prevents reorganization of both macromolecules within the starch network. Keywords: wheat starch, water-soluble pentosans, dynamic rheological properties, gelatinization     

小麦麸皮戊聚糖的润肠通便效果研究

对小麦麸皮不同组分的润肠通便效果进行研究,发现小麦麸皮碱溶戊聚糖组分(AEP)具有较好的润肠通便效果,而水溶戊聚糖组分(WSP)和剩余麸皮残渣(AEP-R)的润肠通便效果较差.这说明小麦麸皮中起润肠通便作用的是其中的戊聚糖组分,并且戊聚糖的润肠通便效果与其溶解性有关,溶解性较差的组分具有较好的润肠通便效果,水溶性较好的组分润肠通便效果较差.     

Small strain viscoelastic behaviour of wheat gluten – pentosan mixtures

Gluten and water-soluble pentosans were extracted from defatted flours of two different wheat cultivars, having different grain hardness and baking quality. The rheological behaviour of the hydrated gluten samples and the effect of arabinoxylan-rich fractions of water-soluble pentosans (WSP) on their viscoelastic properties were studied in shear by dynamic measurements. The hydrated gluten samples showed the typical viscoelastic behaviour of a transient network, approaching the plateau zone at low frequencies. The WSP had only a small impact on this behaviour, causing a reinforcement of the network, as shown by the increase of storage modulus (G), but also an increase in dissipative processes caused by a higher degree of structural rearrangements within the network, as shown by the higher frequency dependence of G and the higher value of the loss angle tangent. By interchanging the gluten and the WSP fractions of the two wheat varieties, it was shown that the observed effect was also dependent on the source from which the WSP originated. The glutens in the presence of WSP were also less sensitive to the thermal treatment than the glutens alone, as shown by the lower magnitude of variation of G with temperature.     

植物纤维的回用品质及其衰变特性初探（Ⅱ）——植物纤维衰变原因的分析和探讨

文章从纸页的强度出发,进一步分析了植物纤维在回用过程中品质衰变的原因及其衰变程度的参数表征。     

Association of physicochemical with technological properties of wheat

This study focused on twenty‐five different European common wheat varieties and aimed to identify correlations between the most important quality characteristics. When considering the physicochemical characteristics of the wheat samples, our results indicated that milling value is not correlated with vitreous kernel and test weight, but is correlated with gliadin/glutenin. The technological properties of the whole‐wheat flours estimated by means of Mixolab indicated rather good protein quality and the ability to form doughs with good stability in case of most of the samples. Technological behaviour of the flour was affected by dietary fibres and pentosan contents. The starch behaviour was positively correlated with the pentosan contents. The principal components analysis allowed establishing correlations between physicochemical, technological and nutritional parameters of wheat varieties. This finding is important for efficient selecting among wheat varieties, especially when healthy cereal‐based foods are desired.     

不同类型专用小麦HMW-GS和GMP含量与面筋含量的关系

高分子质量谷蛋白质亚基(HMW-GS)是决定小麦加工品质的重要因子,以25个小麦品种为材料,采用SDS-PAGE电泳方法研究亚基组成、各位点(Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1)亚基积累量、谷蛋白大聚合体(GMP)含量及其与面筋含量的关系.研究结果表明:低蛋白小麦品种HMW-GS组成主要以"N、7+8/7+9、2+12"亚基组合为主,高蛋白小麦品种HMW-GS组成则主要以"1、7+8/7+9、5+10"亚基组合为主,中等蛋白小麦品种兼有以上两种类型亚基组合;亚基组成相同的小麦,籽粒GMP含量和蛋白质含量仍有较大差异.相关分析表明,HMW-GS亚基总积累量与籽粒蛋白质含量和GMP含量呈极显著正相关,与干、湿面筋含量成正相关;GMP含量与干、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量均呈极显著正相关,说明小麦品质类型虽与HMW-GS组成有关,但亚基积累强度不同可能是导致籽粒品质类型差异的重要因素之一.