云南某含锡多金属硫化矿选矿实验研究

对云南某含锡多金属硫化矿进行了工艺矿物学和选矿实验研究. 结果表明,矿石中铅锌品位低,铅、锌矿物相互交代、包裹,嵌布粒度不均匀,采用优先浮铅、再选锌的原则流程,利用铅矿物与锌、硫矿物间可浮性差异较大的特点,采用石灰、亚硫酸钠和硫酸锌抑制锌、硫,以乙基黄药为铅捕收剂优先浮选铅矿物,选铅尾矿用硫酸铜作活化剂活化闪锌矿选锌;锡矿物与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿等矿物共生关系复杂,且嵌布粒度较细,选锌尾矿经脱硫浮选后采用重磁联合流程回收锡矿物. 通过闭路实验,得到含铅40.92%、银1610.53 g/t、铅回收率81.25%、银回收率77.03%的铅精矿,锌精矿含锌43.23%、回收率为85.92%,硫精矿含硫42.57%,作业回收率为87.65%,锡精矿含锡42.38%,作业回收率为59.29%.     

Improvement of the Flotation Selectivity in a Mechanical Flotation Cell by Ultrasound

In this study, the effect of ultrasound on froth and pulp phases has been investigated in the flotation of two different ore samples, namely barite and chalcopyrite. In order to determine the overall flotation rate constants at various froth depths, incremental recoveries obtained from the flotation tests with and without ultrasound were fitted to a first-order rate equation. Thus, the recoveries of froth and pulp phases were calculated.

The use of ultrasound speeded up the bubble coalescence and therefore reduced the froth phase recovery in the ultrasonic flotation of both barite and chalcopyrite. In addition, the results indicate that there is a considerable effect of ultrasound on the pulp phase recovery in the chalcopyrite flotation whereas no significant differences in the separation performance were obtained from the ultrasonic flotation of barite with and without ultrasound. The results also indicate that a pronounced selectivity effect was obtained from the ultrasonic flotation of both barite and chalcopyrite. The use of ultrasound in the froth remarkably improves the quality of the chalcopyrite concentrate, especially at the shallow froths. Therefore, either effective pulp volume can be increased without sacrificing the separation selectivity or the pulp density can be decreased to obtain better product quality at shallow froths in the ultrasonic flotation of chalcopyrite.     

中低品位磷矿柱式短流程分选试验研究

采用充填浮选柱通过正-反两段流程柱式分选云南某中低品位磷矿,考察了磨矿时间、药剂用量等工艺条件对分选指标的影响.结果表明,通过柱式短流程分选可以获得P2O5品位32.79％、回收率82.92％、MgO质量分数0.42％的精矿,且药剂用量与机械搅拌浮选机所用有差别.     

云南某高硫铅锌矿流程优化试验研究

针对云南某铅锌选矿厂产出的硫精矿中铅锌品位高、铅精矿中铅品位低的问题,考查了目的矿物的解离情况,通过铅硫混合粗精矿再磨提高了目的矿物的单体解离度,优化了工艺流程。试验结果表明:在磨矿细度为-325目质量分数占70%时,采用铅硫混合粗精矿再磨、脱锌扫选尾矿返至锌作业的工艺流程,可得到铅品位为61.23%、铅回收率为85.68%的铅精矿,锌品位为49.65%、锌回收率为93.38%的锌精矿;与不再磨流程相比,铅精矿中铅的品位提高了2.05个百分点,回收率提高了1.75个百分点,锌精矿中锌的回收率提高了2.28个百分点,同时铅精矿中锌品位及硫精矿中铅、锌品位均有所降低。     

山东某铅锌银多金属矿选矿试验研究

针对山东某铅锌银多金属矿嵌布关系复杂多变的特点,采用银铅锌混合浮选后铅锌分离和铅优先浮选两种技术路线进行试验.采用铅优先浮选技术路线使铅锌分离,得到了较好的选别指标,铅精矿中铅品位为70.04％,铅回收率97.75％,银品位1541 g/t,银回收率79.56％;锌精矿中锌品位43.73％,锌回收率82.55％.     

从云南某高硫铅锌矿尾矿中综合回收锌的试验研究

云南某高硫铅锌矿尾矿平均含Pb 0.84%、Zn 3.67%,综合回收价值较高,其中含铅矿物主要为方铅矿和白铅矿,含锌矿物主要为闪锌矿和菱锌矿。实验室选矿试验研究表明,采用“硫化矿优先浮选–浮硫尾矿脱泥–氧化锌浮选”工艺可较好地实现尾矿中有价矿物的高效回收,进一步研究发现在氧化锌浮选过程中,粗选和扫选分别采用不同碳链长度的胺类捕收剂,可明显提高锌精矿的品位和回收率,并避免氧化锌浮选时泡沫量大、消泡困难等问题,最终可获得含锌23.46%,回收率13.04%的硫化锌精矿及含锌27.86%,回收率51.69%的氧化锌精矿,累计锌总回收率可达64.73%,实现该尾矿中有价矿物的高效回收,研究结果为该尾矿的综合回收利用提供了重要的研究数据及基础。     

Study on flotation performances and adsorption mechanism of 2-carboxyethylphenylphosphinic acid to cassiterite

A novel collector, 2-carboxyethylphenylphosphinic acid (CEPPA), was first used in the flotation of cassiterite. The flotation performances and the adsorption mechanism of CEPPA on cassiterite were investigated by flotation tests, adsorption experiments, zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results indicated that CEPPA had strong collecting power for cassiterite and fluorite over a wide pH range but little on quartz. In the separation of the cassiterite–quartz mixture, a concentrate containing 90.9% SnO₂ was obtained with a recovery of 95.7% at pH 7.0. The cassiterite in the cassiterite–fluorite mixture could be effectively separated using 300 mg/L sodium silicate in conjunction with 60 mg/L CEPPA, and a concentrate with a grade of 90.3% SnO₂ and a recovery of 92.6% was achieved at neutral pH. Zeta potential analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process involved both physical and specific forces. The results of FTIR and XPS further suggested that the four O atoms of CEPPA reacted with the Sn atoms on cassiterite surface, forming a complex which was similar to the Sn–CEPPA precipitate, and hydrogen bonding adsorption could have taken place between the terminal hydroxyl groups and CEPPA anions.     

由高铁低锌萃铟废水制备锌精矿和铁红

控制pH值,对高铁低锌萃铟废水加入硫精矿直接制备锌精矿和铁红进行了研究. 分析了反应机理,考察了不同硫化物对锌的回收效果,探讨了超声波辅助硫精矿制备锌精矿和高纯铁红的工艺条件,并利用SEM对锌精矿粒度和形貌进行表征. 在萃铟废水中含铁60.47 g/L、锌28.65 g/L时,在常温下调节pH值为2,加入-0.074 mm硫精矿,超声处理50 min的实验条件下,制得了含锌50.36%的锌精矿产品,锌回收率达95.29%,锌含量和回收率分别比未经超声处理提高了18.52%和23.67%. 制得的高纯铁红符合国家SJ/T10383-93标准一等品的要求,铁回收率为92%.     

云南高泥尾矿铅锌分离实验研究

针对云南高泥尾矿铅锌嵌布粒度细、泥化严重、性质相对复杂的技术难点,进行了铅锌分离实验研究,采用泥砂分级别浮选-重选联合工艺流程,有效分离了铅锌,实现了该复杂尾矿资源的综合回收利用。结果表明,该矿中铅含量为4.29wt%,锌含量为4.99wt%,铅主要以白铅矿和铅铁矾的形式存在,铅和铁相互交代形成不同的包裹形式,分离难度极大;锌主要以氧化锌的形式存在,氧化程度较深,锌氧化率达99%,且主要为难选的异极矿。最终通过闭路选矿流程,获得铅品位33.87%,回收率62.53%的铅精矿;铅精矿中银品位142.50 g/t,银回收率30.92%;获得锌品位15.21%、回收率47.82%的锌精矿。     

面向氯化钾浮选分离过程的超声强化

研究了超声波对氯化钾颗粒和十八胺盐酸盐的形貌及分散性的影响规律,并用于强化钾盐浮选分离过程,提高钾盐的捕收率。通过扫描电子显微镜观察到经超声处理后的氯化钾颗粒表面更为粗糙,形状多呈现椭球形。将超声处理不同时间的氯化钾颗粒进行系列浮选实验,结果表明,随着超声时间的增加氯化钾的捕收率稳定上升,超声40min的颗粒的捕收率可从14.32%增加到46.66%。此外,通过显微镜观察到,经处理后的捕收剂十八胺盐酸盐在氯化钾饱和液中有更好的分散性,从而使浮选氯化钾的捕收率增加。结果显示捕收剂经超声处理20min后,可使氯化钾的捕收率由20.84%增加到94.24%。因此,超声波预处理是强化钾盐浮选的一种有效手段。     

云南某富银锌精矿锌银浮选分离实验研究

云南某富银锌精矿中银主要以类质同象形式存在于白铅矿中,本工作以该矿样为研究对象,根据其性质,采用抑铅浮锌的工艺流程进行浮选,考察了磨矿细度、抑制剂、活化剂及捕收剂等因素对浮选分离指标的影响。结果表明,–19+10 μm粒级中银含量最高。在磨矿细度–74 μm占90%,硅酸钠用量为2000 g/t,硫酸铜用量为200 g/t,丁基黄药用量为300 g/t,松醇油用量为30 g/t的条件下,1次粗选、1次精选、1次扫选,中矿顺序返回的全流程闭路实验,可获得含锌61.08%,回收率95.89%的锌精矿和含银1548.32 g/t,回收率为71.17%的银精矿,实现了锌银的浮选分离及伴生银的高效富集。     

某低品位矾矿选矿试验研究

浙江某低品位矾矿矿石性质复杂,嵌布粒度细,采用一次粗选三次精选两次扫选中矿依次返回的碱法浮选流程进行浮选试验,再将浮选得到的明矾石精矿经高梯度强磁选除铁,最终获得的明矾石精矿含Fe2O31.71％,SO3品位28.78％,SO3回收率82.23％.产品质量超过了明矾石特级品要求.     

腾冲高泥氧化锌矿选矿实验研究

针对腾冲某氧化锌矿嵌布粒度细、含泥量高的技术难题进行了选矿实验研究. 结果表明,该矿中锌品位为6.65%、铁品位为12.31%,锌氧化率达92.83%,锌主要以异极矿形式存在,铁主要以磁铁矿形式存在. 经多个实验流程对比分析,采用预先洗矿(洗去小于37 mm粒级的颗粒)、沉砂磨矿后先磁选后浮选的流程,确定最佳磨矿细度为小于75 mm的颗粒达91.74%,弱磁选电流为4 A,粗选药剂用量为碳酸钠2 kg/t、六偏磷酸钠2 kg/t、硫化钠13 kg/t、KPR 2 kg/t. 采用闭路选矿流程,得到锌品位为27.89%、回收率75.26%的氧化锌精矿和铁品位为61.25%、回收率51.65%的铁精矿. 通过Zeta电位分析捕收剂KPR与异极矿的作用机理.     

Ultrasonic Pretreatment Transesterification for Solid Basic-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

Generally, ultrasound irradiation is required throughout the reaction for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, namely, biodiesel) production, which is energy-consuming and difficult to scale-up. In order to improve the industrial application of ultrasonic technology, a systematic study of ultrasonic pretreatment solid basic (Na₂SiO₃)-catalyzed transesterification for FAME production from cottonseed oil was carried out, and the effect of ultrasonic waves on the properties of Na₂SiO₃ catalyst was assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of fresh and collected catalysts. An ultrasonic frequency of 30 kHz, ultrasonic power of 200 W and ultrasonic pretreatment irradiation time of 30 min was determined to guarantee a satisfactory degree of transesterification. The optimum production was achieved in the reaction system at 45 °C with methanol/cottonseed oil molar ratio 5:1, catalyst dosage 3% and stirring speed 350 rpm resulting in a FAME yield of above 97% after 60 min of reaction under mechanical stirring with the ultrasonic pretreatment process. The new process has a shorter reaction time, a more moderate reaction temperature, a less amount of methanol and catalyst than only the mechanical stirring process without essential damage to activity and the structure of catalyst. These results are of great significance for applying the ultrasonic pretreatment method to produce FAME.     

某磷块岩正-反及双反浮选工艺分析

采用正-反浮选工艺及双反浮选工艺对原矿P2O5品位为25%左右,MgO品位为4%左右的某中等品位硅钙质胶磷矿进行了连续性扩大试验,正-反工艺取得了磷精矿P2O5品位31.82%左右,MgO品位0.73%左右,收率83.71%的浮选指标,双反工艺取得了磷精矿P2O5品位31.10%左右,MgO品位0.57%左右,收率88.18%的浮选指标.     

新华含稀土磷矿浮选实验研究

采用反浮选工艺,研究了抑制剂种类及用量、捕收剂WF-01用量、浮选时间、矿浆浓度和磨矿细度等因素对新华含稀土磷矿浮选效果的影响,并对较佳浮选条件下获得的磷精矿和尾矿进行了稀土分析. 结果表明,浮选剂选用WF-01,工业硫酸不适宜单独作为此矿样浮选时磷矿物的抑制剂,而采用工业磷酸作为抑制剂和矿浆pH值调整剂,在磷酸用量9 kg/t、捕收剂WF-01用量0.8 kg/t、浮选时间9 min、磨矿细度82%为-74 mm、矿浆浓度35%的浮选条件下,可获得较好的浮选和稀土富集效果,磷精矿的P2O5品位可从原矿的21.71%增加到32%以上,回收率达到90%;在浮选过程中稀土主要富集在磷精矿中,富集比为1.56,在精矿中的含量为87.09%.     

Enhancing Phosphate Grade Using Oleic Acid–Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Mixtures

Upgrading of calcareous phosphate ores by reverse flotation in acidic media depends mainly on the chemical reagents used, especially the collectors. Anionic collectors are commonly used in phosphate flotation circuits; however, in the most cases each collector was tested separately. Although using the mixture of the anionic collectors in salt-type minerals flotation is very limited, it has several advantages over using each collector alone. Therefore, in the present paper, the mixture of oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was tested and compared to the usage of each collector individually. A number of experiments were conducted to find out the optimal reverse flotation conditions for each collector in terms of collector dose, pH, and oleic acid to SDS (Ol:SDS) mixing ratio as main variables using factorial design. The design results showed that the Ol:SDS mixture, particularly at 1:1 mixing ratio, improves the phosphate grade with slight decrease in recovery in comparison with using each collector separately. The highest concentrate grade (>33% P₂O₅), with a recovery of 85%, was obtained at pH 6, 1:1 Ol:SDS mixing ratio, and collector dose 3.5 kg/t. In addition, using 1:1 mixing ratio drastically lowers the collector dose from 3.5 to 2 kg/t or even lower depending on the pH to achieve the concentrate grade required by phosphate industry (30% P₂O₅).     

Improved Phosphate Flotation Using Clay Binder

The presence of insoluble clay slimes in phosphate ore adversely affect phosphate flotation performance. In this study, the feasibility of using a clay binder as slime depressant for phosphate flotation was investigated by conducting batch mechanical flotation tests using a 16-200 mesh phosphate sample under various operating conditions. The flotation process parameters examined for their impacts on clay binder performance included collector dosage, binder dosage and conditioning time, flotation time, etc. Results have shown that use of 0.1 lb/t clay binder increased phosphate yield and recovery by 1.7% and 5.5% respectively with a two min. flotation time. The concentrate grade was essentially constant at about 24%. The highest yield of 16.09% and the highest recovery of 91.01% were obtained with 0.25 lb/t clay binder.     

响应曲面法优化氧化铜渣浮选提铜工艺

江西某炼铜炉渣含铜量高,具有较高的经济价值。由于该铜渣中铜矿物以氧化矿为主,且硫化矿表面被氧化,直接浮选铜回收率低、经济效益差。通过添加活化剂,活化氧化铜矿物,并利用响应曲面中心复合设计原理对浮选工艺条件进行优化,研究氧化钙、硫化钠、Z-200对浮选效果的响应。结果表明,Z-200用量是影响精矿品位和回收率的主要因素,且各响应因素间存在交互效应,在CaO用量为25 g/t,Na₂S用量为500 g/t,Z-200用量为100 g/t的最优条件下,闭路试验获得精矿平均品位12%,精矿铜回收率为86.57%,采用该浮选优化工艺能获得较好的回收效果。     

基于正交设计及RSM的碳酸锰矿反浮选试验

针对云南某难选碳酸锰矿,进行了多元素分析、XRD表征和锰物相分析,确立了反浮选的选矿方法.为了优化浮选条件,通过正交试验及响应曲面法设计试验进行模拟,结果表明:通过响应曲面法优化碳酸锰矿反浮选得出的最优的条件为:十八胺用量474.78 g/t、淀粉用量为131.33 g/t、pH值=9,在该条件下,可获得的锰精矿回收率为80.1648%、品位为20.059%,并通过浮选试验进行验证,验证结果同响应曲面法预测结果基本吻合.通过选取优化后的条件进行浮选试验,浮选锰精矿回收率79.96%、精矿品位为20.07%,得到了较好的浮选指标,与响应曲面法预测结果较接近,取得了较合理的试验结果.