基于优化 ELM 的光纤连接器表面自识别降噪技术

光纤连接器的表面检测属于精密仪器检测,因此工厂环境中的大量灰尘会影响连接器表面的复原效果。然而现有的检测技术运行时间长,对于图像细节的保留能力差,并且难以克服实际工作环境中的干扰。因此提出一种优化超限学习机的自识别降噪技术。首先对于干涉数据进行降维处理;其次,采用AdaBoost算法优化超限学习机对噪声点进行定位;最后通过滤波算法对噪声点位置进行修复。实验得出,基于AdaBoost-Elm的自识别降噪算法具有较高的噪声识别能力,其平均噪声识别率达97.33%。此外,采用基于AdaBoost-Elm降噪算法得到BBS的平均值为131.14,NRIQAVR的平均值为2.61,降噪效果均优于全局滤波算法。最后,通过模拟工厂环境,采用基于AdaBoost-Elm的中值滤波算法在不同光强条件下对重度污染的光纤探头进行3D复原测试,其BBS达到130左右,NRIQAVR低于2.57,对比基于Elm的中值滤波算法具有明显优势。     

一种具有力传感的微夹持器设计与标定

为了避免微夹持器在夹持微小对象过程中对其造成损伤或脱落,要求对夹持力进行预测和控制。提出了一种将电阻式应变片集成于微夹持器结构实现结构-传感一体化设计。以夹持力产生的应变最大、压电陶瓷驱动力产生的应变最小为目标对传感单元的尺寸参数进行优化设计。采用最小二乘方法分别标定压电驱动器输入电压、夹持力与力传感单元应变之间的关系。结果表明,描述驱动电压与传感单元应变的关系为3阶多项式,力传感单元应变与夹持力之间的关系为线性关系。可得出夹持力与驱动电压之间的关系为3阶多项式,利用该关系式可实现预测和控制夹持力。所提出的设计思路和标定方法为微夹持器设计提供一种新思路。     

基于改进DTCWT和引导滤波的低剂量CT图像降噪

针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)图像噪点较多和空间分辨率低的问题,提出了一种基于改进双树复小波变换(DTCWT)和引导滤波的低剂量CT图像降噪方法。首先使用DTCWT对低剂量CT图像进行多尺度分解,对高频子带系数使用拟合优度检验框架进行去噪,对低频子带使用三边滤波进行降噪,逆DTCWT重构得到初始去噪图像;然后使用降噪并插值的低频子带图像作为导向图像对CT图像进行引导滤波;接着结合初始去噪图像和引导滤波的去噪结果生成细节残存图像;最后用3维块匹配滤波(BM3D)阈值算法对细节残存图像进行二次去噪,叠加两次去噪结果得到最终去噪图像。实验结果表明,该方法优于其他传统图像去噪算法,在抑制噪声的同时,良好地保留了图像的边缘轮廓和纹理特征,对低剂量CT图像有着显著的去噪效果。     

基于中值滤波和改进提升小波的输电线路激光测距信号去噪方法

针对小波变换去噪算法精度不高,运行时间较长的缺点,并结合激光测距信号含有高密度高幅值脉冲噪声和白噪声的特点,提出一种基于中值滤波和改进提升小波的去噪算法。首先对实测输电线路激光测距信号进行中值滤波处理,以平抑占比较重的脉冲噪声;再进行提升小波变换,得到小波分解系数;同时,使用鸡群优化算法(chicken swarm optimization,CSO)寻找最优阈值;然后进行提升小波逆变换得到重构信号。结果表明:相对于传统提升小波变换去噪算法,应用该方法的去噪效果信噪比提升2倍以上。最后将几种去噪算法进行了综合比较,所提出方法可有效提高去噪效果并略微减少算法运行时间,优于传统去噪算法。     

GMM-FBG光纤电流传感器结构优化及温补模型

为解决FBG中心波长和GMM磁致伸缩系数温度敏感而影响GMM-FBG光纤电流传感器交流响应灵敏度和准确度的问题,提出在GMM-FBG传感模型中引入温度参数校准电流输出值的方法。依据法拉第电磁理论,采用有限元分析方法设计提高GMM磁耦率和均化磁场分布的磁路结构。构建波长解调系统实验平台,测试温度在20～70℃范围传感器不同电流对应的波长响应幅值,实验研究表明:GMM-FBG电流传感器灵敏度随温度升高而下降,且与被测电流值大小正相关。在分析传感器温度响应特性基础上,利用数学拟合方法建立了具有温度补偿系数的GMM-FBG电流传感数学模型,且将该模型用于40℃时60 A电流检测实验,电流检测准确度提高了4. 8%。     

广义形态差值滤波与AN降维在故障诊断中的应用

由于轴承与设备其他内部构件之间存在强关联耦合关系,导致其振动信号与设备状态存在非线性关系;且信号单一特征难以全面描述设备状态,而多特征虽然包含较多状态信息,但高维特征所产生的信号冗余问题,易导致模型分类精度的下降.因此,提出一种基于广义形态差值滤波(GDIF)与自编码网络(AN)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法利用广义形态差值滤波对振动信号进行降噪处理,并通过极大似然估计(MLE)与AN从信号的高维特征中获取低维本质流形,缓解高维特征存在的维数灾难问题;最后,建立极限学习机(ELM)故障诊断模型,对轴承故障类型进行识别。轴承试验结果表明,该方法能够有效对信号进行降噪;通过AN对特征进行维数约简,能够使ELM模型分类精度达到98.04%。     

一种高精度光纤光栅传感器解调系统

如何实时检测传感光栅Bragg波长的微小偏移,是光纤光栅传感器实用化面临的关键技术.本文选择线性滤波法解调光纤光栅传感器.为使设计的解调系统具有结构紧凑、便于携带、使用方便、适用于野外作业的特点,并达到系统对测量精度和动态范围的要求,本文采用锁相放大电路和24位高精度A/D转换模块采集有用信号,降低了噪声,提高了信噪比,并且节省了系统的空间.同时,本文采用USB接口模块使数据存储和数据传输方便快捷,满足解调系统用于现场测量的要求.文中给出了系统的硬件设计和软件实现.最后通过实验和数据处理证明了该系统的精度.     

温度检测电路设计

首先利用器件的感温特性设计了温度传感电路,然后根据温度与电压的关系得到与温度对应的电压变化曲线,最后经过CIC滤波和数据处理得到准确的温度值.该电路已经应用在实时时钟精度调节和LCD显示对比度调节,显示了非常好的性能.     

基于时频混合特征提取算法的光纤传感信号识别研究

针对分布式光纤振动传感系统在实际应用中需对各个类别的传感事件进行快速准确的识别分类,提出了一种基于时频 混合特征提取算法的识别分类方案。 该方案采用具有时域特性的过零率和具有频域特性的小波包能量共同作为光纤传感事件 的特征表述,而后利用基于径向基神经网络的分类器进行识别分类。 经试验测试,该识别方案可以有效的从普通环境噪声中识 别出光纤振动传感事件。 其中,光纤振动传感事件的平均识别率为 94. 5%,识别响应时间小于 0. 3 s。     

基于 GA-BP 的改进高斯均值区域去噪技术

光纤连接器因其在光传输系统中的重要作用而备受关注,但是其表面附着的杂质会使复原的表面形貌出现噪点。而且现有的检测方法无法准确定位噪点,需要对其进行多次整体降噪处理,以此得到的图像细节保留能力较差。为此提出了一种基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络(GA-BP)的改进高斯均值区域去噪技术。首先,对干涉数据进行降维处理;其次,将降维后的数据作为神经网络的训练数据,利用神经网络对噪点进行定位;最后,采用改进的高斯均值滤波对三维图像的噪点位置进行滤波处理。结果表明,通过神经网络判别法得到的噪声像素点为2.45%,相比于阈值判别法具有较高的精度。并且通过改进的高斯均值滤波方法得到的方法噪声差值为474.7,峰值信噪比(PSNR)值为32.56。相比于均值和中值滤波方法,图像细节保持能力较高,复原图像噪点凸起明显减少。因此,它更适用于基于白光干涉原理的自动化检测。     

Energy‐efficient human probes for high‐resolution sensing in urban environments

Portable sensory devices carried by humans—which are referred to as Human Probes—facilitate easy‐to‐use sensing and monitoring of urban areas. However, when each Human Probe individually senses and transmits information, the sensing activity is inefficient in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we propose Aquiba protocol in which the sensing activities carried out by the Human Probes are adjusted autonomously under different conditions. Aquiba involves cooperative sensing that helps in efficiently maintaining the desired sensing resolution, while minimizing overall energy consumption. To validate Aquiba protocol, we have conducted comprehensive simulations by including small‐scale and large‐scale scenarios along with applying three movement patterns of human. The simulation results demonstrate that Aquiba protocol is capable of providing high sensing resolution and reducing energy consumption substantially. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Influence of Annealing Temperature on Structural,Morphological and NH3 Sensing Properties of Nanostructured WO3 Porous Films

The tungsten trioxide (WO₃) precursor was prepared by sol-gel method with tungsten powder as the raw material, and the WO₃ gas sensing films were obtained by a dip coating method and annealing precursor in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra indicate that with increasing annealing temperature the triclinic structure of as-prepared sample was transformed into monoclinic or orthorhombic phase. The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibit that the WO₃ grain sizes increase from less than 100 nm to several micrometers with increasing annealing temperature. The influences of applied frequency, annealing and operating temperature on NH₃ gas sensing properties of the nanostructured WO₃ porous films were investigated. The results indicate that the gas sensing film annealed at 500°C express high sensitivity, fast response and recovery speed to NH₃ at operating temperature 250°C.     

高精度光纤光栅振动解调系统研究与应用

为实现工程系统中对振动信号的检测,提出了一种基于衍射光栅的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)振动解调系统。解调系统通过色散成像原理获取传感器反射光谱,由所设计的嵌入式单元进行信号处理,并通过专用的上位机解调软件完成数据处理与分析。将系统封装为解调仪器,能实际应用于振动信号的探测。所设计的系统波长解调范围为1 525～1 570 nm,波长重复性可达±1 pm,分辨率为0.5 pm,可实现8通道复用测量,最高光谱解调速度可达10 kHz。实验结果表明,该FBG振动解调系统能够高精度测量不同频率与幅度的振动信号,最小可探测应变约为0.319με/Hz^1/2,在结构安全监测等领域具有重要的应用前景。     

fiber optic sensing applications in the electric power industry

Fiber optic telecommunications is a well-established discipline which finds applications in all industrial areas for signaling and control. However, fiber optics for intrinsic sensing of fluid levels, gas presence, temperature, pressure, or rotation, is rapidly being applied to the medical, petrochemical, and marine professions. Not to be overlooked are several new fiber optic sensing techniques which are now capable of accurately measuring electric current, voltage levels, and even breaker status. By monitoring such parameters, the power industry can take full advantage of the benefits of fiber optics, especially in high electromagnetic field environments. This paper surveys those techniques and experiences with fiber optic sensing applicable to today's power industry.     

基于布里渊散射的分布式光纤传感系统的应用

介绍了分布式光纤传感的基本原理,对布里渊光强与温度和应变之间的关系进行了仿真,设计了基于自发布里渊散射的光纤传感系统,对G.652光纤进行了加热和受拉力状态下的试验,并对采集的信号进行了分析,验证了光强度与温度和拉力的关系;探讨了分布式光纤传感系统的应用前景。     

光纤温度传感器在电力电缆监测中的应用

文章分析了电力电缆运行过程中温度升高的原因,简单介绍了基于光纤光栅、拉曼散射和布里渊散射的光纤传感技术的温度测量原理.针对电力电缆温度监测的现状,探讨了3类光纤传感器在电力电缆监测中的应用模式,在对3类传感器在电力电缆温度监测时的特点、性能进行比较的基础上,介绍了基于布里渊传感的海底电缆在线监测案例.随着智能电网的发展,光纤传感器尤其是基于布里渊散射的传感器将在电力电缆监测中发挥重要作用.     

Development of a whole‐body haptic sensor with multiple supporting points and its application to a manipulator

This paper proposes a whole‐body haptic sensing system that has multiple supporting points between the body frame and the end‐effector. The system consists of an end‐effector and multiple force sensors. Using this mechanism, the position of a contact force on the surface can be calculated without any sensor array. A haptic sensing system with a single supporting point structure has previously been developed by the present authors. However, the system has drawbacks such as low stiffness and low strength. Therefore, in this study, a mechanism with multiple supporting points was proposed and its performance was verified. In this paper, the basic concept of the mechanism is first introduced. Next, an evaluation of the proposed method, performed by conducting some experiments, is presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 182(1): 48‐56, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22310     

压缩感知在无线传感器网络目标跟踪中的应用

针对无线传感器网络的目标跟踪要考虑准确性但又受到能耗约束的问题,对压缩感知理论（CS）进行研究,综述了CS理论及其关键技术,并着重介绍了CS理论在资源受限传感器网络及目标跟踪等方面的应用和发展.根据分布式无线传感器网络目标跟踪框架,通过压缩域的数据融合,解决计算与通信能耗、数据丢包问题,为提高无线传感器网络目标跟踪技术提供新思路.     

Praseodymium-Cerium Oxide as a Surface-Effect Gas Sensor

The gas sensing behavior of praseodymium doped cerium oxide (Pr_xCe_{1 – x}O₂ or PCO) has been examined for 0–1000 ppm CO or H₂ in a 10% O₂ atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 250–350_C. Total conductivity as a function of temperature suggests that oxygen diffusion kinetics are slow below approximately 350_C. Devices with x = 0.05 and 0.10 show stable, n-type gas sensing response, while those with x = 0.20 exhibit significant drift in sensor output, presumably due to bulk oxygen migration. The response to CO is significantly stronger than that to H₂ at 300_C, and at 350_C the response to H₂ is nearly zero, resulting in a CO-selective gas sensing element. Suggestions for the source of selectivity in PCO are presented.     

电力遥感技术发展综述

综述遥感发展历史及其在电力系统的应用、发展前景。