Multiuser receiver scheme for full‐rate space–time coded CDMA system with imperfect estimation

By introducing a full‐rate space–time coding (STC) scheme, a synchronous CDMA (code division multiple access) system with full‐rate STC is given, and the corresponding uplink performance is investigated in Rayleigh fading channel with imperfect estimation. Considering that existing STC‐CDMA system has high decoding complexity, low‐complexity multiuser receiver schemes are developed for perfect and imperfect estimations, respectively. The schemes can make full use of the complex orthogonality of STC to reduce the high decoding complexity of the existing scheme, and have linear decoding complexity compared with the existing scheme with exponential decoding complexity. Moreover, the proposed schemes can achieve almost the same performance as the existing scheme. Compared with full‐diversity STC‐CDMA, the given full‐rate STC‐CDMA can achieve full data rate, low complexity, and partial diversity, and form efficient spatial interleaving. Thus, the concatenation of channel coding can effectively compensate for the performance loss due to partial diversity. Simulation results show that the full‐rate STC‐CDMA has lower bit error rate (BER) than full‐diversity STC‐CDMA systems under the same system throughput and concatenation of channel code. Moreover, the system BER with imperfect estimation are worse than that with perfect estimation due to the estimation error, which implies that the developed multiuser receiver schemes are valid and reasonable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inter-Frame, Fine Frequency/Phase Synchronization forSimple Space-Time-Coded OFDM Receivers

This paper proposes an enhanced receiver (Rx) configuration for multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM systems, operating under the composite effect of phase noise (PHN), residual frequency offset (RFO) and the transmission channel, herein modeled as quasi-static but unknown. The proposed Rx identifies the different impairments by exploiting their different time constants and compensates for each one accordingly. It includes a novel inter-frame fine frequency synchronization (FFS) scheme, which is closely coupled to an intra-frame adaptive phase synchronizer/channel estimator. The proposed scheme is evaluated for a 2 times 2, Alamouti space-time code (STC), and is shown to provide significant performance gain. The theory can be employed with any other STC scheme.     

Experimental evaluation of a self-tuning controller

A self-tuning control (STC) scheme is examined in real time by comparing its performance with that of two other control schemes. Experimental results show that the controller is superior to a well-known conventional self-tuning controller and a proportional-plus-integral (PI) self-tuning controller whose parameters are selected on the basis of a pole assignment method. The control scheme can be extended to multi-input multi-output systems     

空时编码多载波码分多址MIMO系统下行频率选择性信道盲估计

基于子空间方法的无线信道盲估计由于其算法的固有特性,使得估计结果与实际信道之间存在一个不确定复系数,无法得到无线信道的精确估计。在利用子空间分解方法对空时编码多输入多输出MC-CDMA系统下行频率选择性信道盲估计的基础上,利用发射符号的有限码集特性,将单载波系统下的模糊复系数盲辨识方法推广到多载波多输入多输出系统,从而得到信道的精确估计。Monte-Carlo仿真表明,在信噪比较低的情况下,本方法的信道估计误差仍然较小。     

Simplified receiver design for STBC binary continuous phase modulation

Existing space-time codes have focused on multiple- antenna systems with linear modulation schemes such as phase- shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation. Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is an attractive scheme for digital transmission because of its constant envelope which is needed for power efficient transmitters. Recent research has shown that space-time coded CPM can achieve transmit diversity to improve performance while maintaining the compact spectrum of CPM signals. However, these efforts mainly combine space- time coding (STC) with CPM to achieve spatial diversity at the cost of a high decoding complexity. In this paper, we design space-time block codes (STBC) for binary CPM with modulation index h = 1/2 and derive low-complexity receivers for these systems. The proposed scheme has a much lower decoding complexity than STC CPM with the Viterbi decoder and still achieves near-optimum error performances.     

Space–Time Trellis Codes Based on Channel-Phase Feedback

Space-time coding (STC) has been proposed recently for multiple-antenna wireless communication systems. Most of the proposed STC schemes use the assumption that either no channel-state information, or the channel mean/covariance information, is available at the transmitter. In this paper, we propose a new STC scheme for a closed-loop transmission system, where quantized channel-phase information is available at the transmitter. A new performance criterion is derived for the quasi-static fading channel. This design criterion is then used to construct a new class of space-time trellis codes (STTCs). The proposed code construction is based on the concatenation of a standard multiple trellis-coded modulation outer code with an inner code. The inner code is selected from a series of inner codes using the channel-phase feedback. The series of inner codes are constructed based on the systematic set partitioning of several classes of space-time signal designs. Simulation results show significant performance improvement over the other STTCs in the literature. In addition, the proposed coding scheme enjoys low peak-to-average-power ratio, simple decoding, and power-efficient low-cost implementation     

Reliable information rate of signal‐time coding for half‐duplex additive white Gaussian noise relay networks

Signal‐time coding (STC) is a newly proposed transmission scheme for half‐duplex relay networks, which is able to achieve higher information flow rate by combining the traditional encoding/modulation mode in the signal domain with the signal pulse phase modulation in the time domain. However, most of the results for STC are only obtained under the ideal assumptions that the signal detections at physical layer are perfect and there are still a lot of fundamental problems to be explored. This paper considers the implementing issues of STC at physical layer in additive white Gaussian noise relay networks. Firstly, a performance evaluation criterion, the reliable information per symbol (RIPS), is proposed to characterize the performance of STC in noisy wireless networks. Secondly, a new construction scheme based on route ID for the codeword of STC is presented, and some structural properties of the codeword of STC are investigated. Thirdly, the error probabilities of STC in both the signal domain and the time domain are discussed. Furthermore, two implementing schemes, that is, the energy detection based STC (ED‐STC) and the symbol detection based STC (SD‐STC), are proposed, and their performance bounds in terms of RIPS are discussed. Numerical analyses show that both ED‐STC and SD‐STC outperform traditional transmission methods in terms of effective information rate even under some practical conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MIMO系统中实现图像分级保护的空时传输方案

针对多输入多输出(MIMO)系统,当发射端已知信道状态信息时,提出基于信道矩阵奇异值分解(SVD)的空时编码(STC)传输方案SVD-STC,并推导出相应的群检测算法.SVD-STC是分层空时(LST)码和空时网格码(STTC)的混合形式,在传输率和分集之间取得折衷.由于采用奇异值分解,SVD-STC具有不等保护特性,可以与信源编码结合,实现图像分等级传输,显著提高重建图像的质量,同时具有较高的传输率,适用于固定无线通信系统中的多媒体传输.     

LDPC-based space-time coded OFDM systems over correlated fadingchannels: Performance analysis and receiver design

We consider a space-time coded (STC) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system with multiple transmitter and receiver antennas over correlated frequency- and time-selective fading channels. It is shown that the product of the time-selectivity order and the frequency-selectivity order is a key parameter to characterize the outage capacity of the correlated fading channel. It is also observed that STCs with large effective lengths and ideal built-in interleavers are more effective in exploiting the natural diversity in multiple-antenna correlated fading channels. We then propose a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-code-based STC-OFDM system. Compared with the conventional space-time trellis code (STTC), the LDPC-based STC can significantly improve the system performance by exploiting both the spatial diversity and the selective-fading diversity in wireless channels. Compared with the previously proposed turbo-code-based STC scheme, LDPC-based STC exhibits lower receiver complexity and more flexible scalability. We also consider receiver design for LDPC-based STC-OFDM systems in unknown fast fading channels and propose a novel turbo receiver employing a maximum a posteriori expectation-maximization (MAP-EM) demodulator and a soft LDPC decoder, which can significantly reduce the error floor in fast fading channels with a modest computational complexity. With such a turbo receiver, the proposed LDPC-based STC-OFDM system is a promising solution to highly efficient data transmission over selective-fading mobile wireless channels     

协方差反馈时空时编码系统的线性预编码设计

本文讨论了在空间相关的多输入-多输出(MIMO)系统中利用发射端已知的信道协方差矩阵最优设计线性预编码矩阵的问题。推导出最优的预编码矩阵的方向与发射相关矩阵和空时编码的结构相关,而最优的功率分配方案与发射相关矩阵、接收相关矩阵和空时编码都相关。仿真结果表明本文推导出的最优功率分配方案的性能优于平均功率分配和单方向波束形成方案。     

Iterative receivers for multiuser space-time coding systems

Space-time coding (STC) techniques, which combine antenna array signal processing and channel coding techniques, are very promising approaches to substantial capacity increase in wireless channels. Multiuser detection techniques are powerful signal processing methodologies for interference suppression in CDMA systems. In this paper, by drawing analogies between a synchronous CDMA system and an STC multiuser system, we study the applications of some multiuser detection methods to STC multiuser systems. Specifically, we show that the so-called “turbo multiuser detection” technique, which performs soft interference cancellation and decoding iteratively, can be applied to STC multiuser systems in flat-fading channels. An iterative multiuser receiver and its projection-based variants are developed for both the space-time block coding (STBC) system and the space-time trellis coding (STTC) system. During iterations, extrinsic information is computed and exchanged between a soft multiuser demodulator and a bank of MAP decoders, to achieve successively refined estimates of the users' signals. Computer simulations demonstrate that the proposed iterative receiver techniques provide significant performance improvement over conventional noniterative methods in both single-user and multiuser STC systems. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed iterative multiuser receiver approaches that of the iterative single-user receiver in both STBC and STTC systems     

空时码在DS-UWB系统的应用研究

直接序列超宽带(DS-UWB)通信技术是无线通信中的一个非常有发展前途的技术.为克服无线传输中多径衰落效应,针对DS-UWB系统,提出了一种将空时编码和Rake接收结合的方案,并进行性能分析和仿真.该方案建立在码片波形,使系统不仅获得空间分集,同时获得多径分集.仿真结果表明,基于这种方案的多天线系统的性能明显优于单天线系统.     

A 312-MHz 16-Mb random-cycle embedded DRAM macro with a power-down data retention mode for mobile applications

An embedded DRAM macro with a self-adjustable timing control (STC) scheme, a negative edge transmission scheme (NET), and a power-down data retention (PDDR) mode is developed. A 13.98-mm/sup 2/ 16-Mb embedded DRAM macro is fabricated in 0.13 /spl mu/m logic-based embedded DRAM process. Co-salicide word lines and MIM capacitors are used for high-speed array operation. The delay timing variation of 36 % for an RC delay can be reduced to 3.8% by using the STC scheme. The NET scheme transfers array control signals to local array blocks with high accuracy. Thereby, the test chip achieves 1.2-V 312-MHz random cycle operation even in the low-power process. 73-/spl mu/W data retention power is realized by using the PDDR mode, which is 5% of conventional schemes.     

Co-channel interference cancellation for space-time coded OFDM systems

Space-time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising scheme for future wideband multimedia wireless communication systems. The combination of space-time coding (STC) and OFDM modulation promises an enhanced performance in terms of power and spectral efficiency. Such combination benefits from the diversity gain within the multiple-input-multiple-output ST coded system and the matured OFDM modulation for wideband wireless transmission. However, STC transmit diversity impairs the system's interference suppression ability due to the use of multiple transmitters at each mobile. We propose an effective co-channel interference (CCI) cancellation method that employs angle diversity based on -steering beamforming or minimum variance distortion response beamforming. It is shown that the proposed method can effectively mitigate CCI while preserving the space-time structure, thereby, significantly improving the system's interference suppression ability without significant bit-error rate performance degradation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can significantly combat the delay spread detrimental effects over multipath fading channels without the use of interleaving.     

一种非公路宽体自卸车AMT离合器电控操纵系统的设计

本文通过分析非公路宽体自卸车原有的离合器操纵系统存在的问题,设计了一种AMT离合器电控操纵系统,以STC89C52芯片为核心,采用一些新型的功能模块设计及电控操纵系统使系统自动化,是一种改进现有系统存在问题的新方案,对后期非公路宽体自卸车AMT电控操纵系统的设计有一定的参考意义。     

时分复接码分多址系统中预瑞克与空时编码技术

提出了一种适用于时分复接码分多址系统的发射分集，即预瑞克与空时格状编码调制相结合方案。采用预瑞在代替瑞克，在接收机中采用单径瑞克就可实现多径分集，可以简化接收机结构和节约费用。计算机仿真结果表明，在多径衰落下，所提出方案的性能比仅采用空时码好。在最小均方误差意义下预瑞克抽头数应与多径数相同。所提出新型星座图－8APK（振幅相位键控）可以用来构造了一个空时码，此空时码性能比由8PSK构造的具有相同结构的空时码好。     

Prerake joint with STTCM for TDD DS-CDMA system

A novel synthetical transmit diversity, namely Prerake joint with Space-Time Trellis Coded Modulation (STTCM), for TDD DS-CDMA system is proposed in this paper. Space-Time Code (STC) is applied under the multipath fading circumstance. Prerake is used in stead of Rake to overcome multipath fading for the simplicity of the receiver configuration. Through computer simulation, the performance of our proposed scheme in multipath fading can be better than that of just STC is used, the taps of the Prerake should be chosen to be equal to the multipath number in the matter of minimum mean square error. A new constellation (8APK) is presented to construct a kind of STC that achieves better performance than that of 8PSK.     

Space-Time Coded Beamforming for DS CDMA Downlink

1　Introduction　 In 3G mobile system, Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) is a promising multiple access techniques. It iswell know that BeamFormin ( BF), Space Time Coding(STC) and Multiuser Detection(MUD) techniques in CDMAsystem can effectively resist Multi Path Interference (MPI),MAI and near far effects. So the system capacity will be im proved greatly by employing these techniques[1,2,8]. In Ref.[3] introduces Water Filling(WF) theory into STC to assignth…     

空时码及其在移动通信中的应用

总结了空时码的分类，分析了各类空时码的性能特点和在移动通信中的应用，并对其研究方向和发展前景进行了探讨。     

一种广义分布式多小区架构--群小区

为了更好地适应如空时码、联合发送、多入多出等未来移动通信系统核心技术的应用，满足第三代移动通信系统（3G）的多媒体业务对通信链路质量越来越高的要求。需要探讨全新的移动通信小区与网络拓扑结构。广义分布式多小区架构可以适应先进的多天线技术，并有效地解决由于载频提高导致的频繁切换问题。基于该架构的新型切换策略——群切换可以消除小区边缘效应，而进一步将群切换思想应用于3G系统的快速小区组选择方案可以大幅度地提高小区边缘用户的数据速率。