虚拟企业环境下企业生产计划与控制系统的研究

生产计划与控制系统在企业的运行中起着非常重要的作用。现有的企业生产计划与控制系统已不能满足虚拟企业环境下的需求,如自治性、分布性、动态性与异构性。在对虚拟企业环境下对企业生产计划与控制系统的需求进行分析的基础上,使用Multi-Agent技术,给出了基于Multi-Agent的适应虚拟企业环境的企业生产计划与控制系统的实现方法。该方法通过对企业原有生产计划与控制系统的改进,能广泛提高企业的性能,如缩短交货期、提高资源利用率、降低成本等等,同时节省了企业生产计划与控制系统重新设计的费用。     

基于Internet的虚拟企业资源计划V-EWP

虚拟企业(VE)是随着Internet而出现的。随着VE的出现,经历了从MRP、MRPⅡ到ERP的发展过程的计划技术必须跟着演进。文章在分析计划技术发展过程的基础上提出了基于Internet的虚拟企业资源计划(V-ERP)。V-ERP是由顾客需求驱动的,它可以集成不同计划方法来制订虚拟企业中所有合作伙伴的计划。文章分析了V-ERP的特点,并讨论了其构成。     

求解车间作业调度问题的混合遗传模拟退火算法

为了克服传统遗传算法解决车间作业调度问题的局限性,结合遗传算法(GA)和模拟退火算法(SA)的优点,提出一种混合遗传模拟退火算法(GASA),以便高效地解决车间作业调度问题.该算法既发挥了遗传算法收敛速度快、模拟退火算法搜索面广的优点,又克服了前者收敛容易早熟而后者收敛速度较慢的问题.在算法的操作细节上,加入自适应调整的遗传操作及最优个体保留策略,以及增加记忆功能的模拟退火操作与收敛准则.从而既防止了算法会陷入局部最优解的问题,又提高了算法的收敛速度及搜索效率.将提出的混合遗传模拟退火算法(GASA)应用于Muth和Thompson基准问题的实验运行,证明了该算法的高效性和有效性.     

求解三维装箱问题的混合遗传模拟退火算法

集装箱装载是货物运输过程中重要的一步,其属于NP-hard问题。为了提高效率,降低成本,提出了以集装箱体积利用率最大化为目标建立三维装载模型,同时考虑体积约束、重量约束、重心约束、方向约束。利用混合遗传、模拟退火与三空间分割启发式装载算法求解模型,算法中融入局部最优解保存策略来避免局部较好解在后续的算法过程中出现适应度降低的情况。通过强异类算例与弱异类算例对算法进行性能测试,并结合具体的货物装载数据,得出三维装载图与目标函数值。结果表明,该算法应用于集装箱装载有着较好的效果。     

基于Internet的虚拟企业资源计划V-ERP

虚拟企业（VE）是随着Internet而出现的。随着VE的出现,经历了从MRP、MRPⅡ到ERP的发展过程的计划技术必须跟着演进。文章在分析计划技术发展过程的基础上提出了基于Internet的虚拟企业资源计划（V－ERP）。V－ERP是由顾客需求驱动的,它可以集成不同计划方法来制订虚拟企业中所有合作伙伴的计划。文章分析了V－ERP的特点,并讨论了其构成。     

用两阶段启发式算法编制连铸生产计划

现代钢铁企业一个最具挑战性的问题就是如何充分使用成本高昂的设备,以换取更高的利润。编制高效的连铸生产计划在提高生产率和降低能耗方面具有十分重要的意义。提出描述连铸计划的数学模型,并使用智能搜索算法解决这类ＮＰ难的问题     

基于混合遗传算法的车间生产调度问题研究

解决车间生产调度问题的目的不仅仅是为了缩短生产周期,更重要的是为了提高生产效率,降低生产成本。现大部分国有制造企业在车间生产过程中采用的是人工调度,调度时主要依赖于调度经验,调度效率不高且易出错。将遗传算法和模拟退火算法相结合,提出了解决车间调度问题的混合遗传算法,并给出了一种编码方法以及建立了相应的解码规则。遗传算法的引入保证了解的全局最优性,仿真后表明了该混合算法的可行性和有效性,且能够有效地提高搜索效率,改进了收敛性能。     

求解TSP问题的混合遗传算法

TSP问题是一类经典的NP问题,目前有很多方法对其求解,而用混合遗传算法对其求解取得了很好的成效。常见的混合遗传算法有遗传算法与最速下降法相结合（GACSDM）、遗传算法与模拟退火法相结合（SAGA）。设计了贪婪的复合变异算子（GCM）,并引入隔代爬山法算子（Climb）增加遗传算法的局部搜索能力。实验结果表明该算法是有效的。     

一种启发式算法求解批量计划和排序集成问题

文章针对基于JIT思想建立的一种批量计划和作业排序集成问题,建立整体模型,设计了一种启发式算法采用集成方法求求解。针对问题的特点和遗传算法的特性,各层优化时均采用遗传算法求解,借鉴递阶优化方法的思想,首先从优化作业排序层出发,将其优化结果作为约束来优化批量计划层,然后利用利用批量优化的结果再重新来协调优化作业排序层,进而进一步去求解更好的批量计划。基于这种协调传递的思想,使各层的优化形成一个闭环,直到满足循环终止条件,得到比较理想的结果。最后通过算例试验表明,这种启发式算法与采用整体求解方法相比,具有比较满意的寻优性能和收敛速度。     

虚拟企业制造资源计划V_MRPII系统分析与设计

根据虚拟企业的特点,对虚拟企业生产制造过程进行分析,认为虚拟企业的生产制造与一般企业的生产制造管理模式的最大区别在于它是以项目驱动的典型的ETO生产方式,因此其生产计划体系与传统的制造资源计划MRPII不同,传统的MRP处理逻辑不适应虚拟企业的生产过程。文章根据虚拟企业的特征提出了一个面向虚拟企业的制造资源计划V_MRPII。该系统改变了传统的生产计划与控制模式,实现了面向虚拟企业进行资源的优化。     

基于混合算法的航天器轨道规划方法

空间在轨服务过程中,当目标航天器周围有若干小卫星环绕时,服务航天器要避开小卫星的安全范围,与目标航天器成功交会并进行在轨服务,航天器的机动轨道规划是其重要前提;在路径规划中,遗传算法应用广泛,但是求解实际问题的时间容易受到染色体基因等算子数目的影响,求解效率未得到保证;提出了一种混合遗传算法,将遗传算法全局搜索能力和模拟退火算法较强的局部搜索能力进行整合,以服务航天器机动轨道的路径安全、任务时间、燃料消耗、总路程等为约束条件,并对算子进行特殊设计,规划出最优机动轨道路径;通过场景假设和仿真实验证明,该混合遗传算法能够规划出符合约束条件的最优机动轨道路径,并且极大地提高了求解效率。     

Using tabu search with ranking candidate list to solve production planning problems with setups

This study considers production planning problems involving multiple products, multiple resources, multiple periods, setup times, and setup costs. It can be formulated as a mixed integer program (MIP). Solving a realistic MIP production planning problem is NP-hard; therefore, we use tabu search methods to solve such a difficult problem. Furthermore, we improve tabu search by a new candidate list strategy, which sorts the neighbor solutions using post-optimization information provided by the final tableau of the linear programming simplex algorithm. A neighbor solution with higher priority in the ranking sequence has a higher probability of being the best neighbor solution of a current solution. According to our experiments, the proposed candidate list strategy tabu search produces a good solution faster than the traditional simple tabu search. This study also suggests that if the evaluation of the entire neighborhood space in a tabu search algorithm takes too much computation and if an efficient and effective heuristic to rank the neighbor solutions can be developed, the speed of tabu search algorithm could be significantly increased by using the proposed candidate list strategy.     

An integrated supply chain production–distribution planning with stochastic demands

In this paper a three echelon supply chain with multiple distribution centers, production sites and suppliers is modeled. For this supply chain several commodities with defined items is produced. The model is categorized as a capacitated facility location model. The hierarchical approach is used to modeling and based on decision types the model is divided into two levels. The solution approach is based on the Lagrangian Relaxation approach, improved by an efficient heuristic to solve complex sub-problems. Computational results indicated that the proposed method yields high-quality solutions within a reasonable computational time for various real size problems.     

Applications of particle swarm optimisation in integrated process planning and scheduling

Integration of process planning and scheduling (IPPS) is an important research issue to achieve manufacturing planning optimisation. In both process planning and scheduling, vast search spaces and complex technical constraints are significant barriers to the effectiveness of the processes. In this paper, the IPPS problem has been developed as a combinatorial optimisation model, and a modern evolutionary algorithm, i.e., the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm, has been modified and applied to solve it effectively. Initial solutions are formed and encoded into particles of the PSO algorithm. The particles “fly” intelligently in the search space to achieve the best sequence according to the optimisation strategies of the PSO algorithm. Meanwhile, to explore the search space comprehensively and to avoid being trapped into local optima, several new operators have been developed to improve the particles’ movements to form a modified PSO algorithm. Case studies have been conducted to verify the performance and efficiency of the modified PSO algorithm. A comparison has been made between the result of the modified PSO algorithm and the previous results generated by the genetic algorithm (GA) and the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, respectively, and the different characteristics of the three algorithms are indicated. Case studies show that the developed PSO can generate satisfactory results in both applications.     

A knapsack problem as a tool to solve the production planning problem in small foundries

According to recent research carried out in the foundry sector, one of the most important concerns of the industries is to improve their production planning. A foundry production plan involves two dependent stages: (1) determining the alloys to be merged and (2) determining the lots that will be produced. The purpose of this study is to draw up plans of minimum production cost for the lot-sizing problem for small foundries. As suggested in the literature, the proposed heuristic addresses the problem stages in a hierarchical way. Firstly, the alloys are determined and, subsequently, the items that are produced from them. In this study, a knapsack problem as a tool to determine the items to be produced from furnace loading was proposed. Moreover, we proposed a genetic algorithm to explore some possible sets of alloys and to determine the production planning for a small foundry. Our method attempts to overcome the difficulties in finding good production planning presented by the method proposed in the literature. The computational experiments show that the proposed methods presented better results than the literature. Furthermore, the proposed methods do not need commercial software, which is favorable for small foundries.     

遗传模拟退火算法解决纸箱生产的损耗问题

纸箱包装行业是一个传统的产业,在纸箱生产中需要拼单来降低修边损耗以减少成本.根据生产上的实际经验提出了问题的数学模型,针对该模型,将遗传算法和模拟退火算法结合,解决了遗传算法的收敛过快以及局部搜索能力不强的问题.在选择操作中直接保存优秀个体,来增强算法的收敛性.在变异和交叉操作中采用自适应的变异和交叉概率,增强了搜索解空间的均匀性,并引入了记忆功能,最终获得问题的近似最优解.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的移动机器人路径规划

针对移动机器人路径规划的难题,运用了一种基于遗传模拟退火算法的移动机器人最优路径规划方法,对移动机器人的路径规划进行了设计,采用了栅格法对环境进行建模.为了提高路径规划的效率,采用了一种改进的避障算法来生成初始种群.将遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合形成遗传模拟退火算法,新算法具有较强的全局和局部搜索能力.仿真实验结果证明算法相对于基本遗传算法的收敛速度、搜索质量和最优解输出概率方面有了明显的提高.     

Iterative improvement to solve the parcel hub scheduling problem

This paper presents iterative improvement algorithms to solve the parcel hub scheduling problem (PHSP). The PHSP is combinatorial optimization problem that consists of scheduling a set of inbound trailers to a small number of unload docks. At the unload docks, the inbound trailers must be unloaded and the parcel sorted and loaded onto outbound trailers. Because the transfer operation is labor intensive, the transfer of parcels must be done in such a way as to minimize the timespan of the transfer operation. Local search (LS) and simulated annealing (SA) algorithms are developed and evaluated to solve the problem. The performances of the algorithms are compared to the performance of an existing genetic algorithm (GA). The computational results show that the LS and SA algorithms offer solutions that are superior to those offered by the GA.     

Genetic algorithms to solve the power system restoration planning problem

This study reports the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the Power System Restoration Planning Problem (PSRP). The solution to the PSRP is described by a series of operations or a plan to be used by the Power System operator immediately on the occurrence of a blackout in the electrical power supply. Our GA uses new initialization and crossover operators based on the electrical power network, which are able to generate and maintain the plans feasible along GA runs. This releases the Power Flow program, which represents the most computer demanding component, from computing the fitness function of unfeasible individuals. The method was designed for large transmission systems and results for three different electrical power networks are shown: IEEE 14-Bus, IEEE 30-Bus, and a large realistic system.     

一种改进的Hopfield神经网络SST图像恢复方法

提出了采用三元存储结构和图像分块的改进算法,同时利用模拟退火算法和遗传算法来提高恢复算法的收敛速度,从而进一步提高图像恢复的实时性,最后利用所提出的基于Hopfield神经网络的快速恢复方法进行模拟计算,其运算效率和恢复结果都能达到SST图像恢复的使用要求。